scholarly journals Natural Resource Dependence and Rural American Economic Prosperity from 2000 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Natural Resource Development

Research suggests dependence upon natural resource development leads to decreases in per capita income, increases in inequality, and elevated poverty. Natural resource development generally takes two forms, extractive (e.g. oil and gas, mining, timber) and non-extractive (e.g. tourism, recreation, real estate). However, research has rarely examined both in-tandem. Drawing on the concept of dependence (i.e. over-specialization), I test the hypothesis that increasing levels of both forms of development was associated with diminishing returns to economic prosperity— operationalized as per capita income, inequality, and poverty—in rural America over the period of 2000 to 2015. Extractive development exhibited the expected relationship in remote rural counties for all outcomes, while non-extractive development had a generally negative relationship with per capita income, a positive relationship with poverty, and no relationship with inequality. Support for the overall hypothesis was limited due to the returns of non-extractive development being more negative than expected.

scholarly journals Natural Resource Dependence and Rural American Economic Prosperity From 2000 to 2015

2020 ◽  
pp. 089124242098451
Author(s):  
J. Tom Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Natural Resource Development

Research suggests dependence on natural resource development leads to decreases in per capita income, increases in inequality, and elevated poverty. Natural resource development generally takes two forms—extractive (e.g., oil and gas, mining, timber) and nonextractive (e.g., tourism, recreation, real estate). However, research has rarely examined both in tandem. Drawing on the concept of dependence (i.e., overspecialization), the author tests the hypothesis that increasing levels of both forms of development were associated with diminishing returns to economic prosperity—operationalized as per capita income, inequality, and poverty—in rural America over the period of 2000 to 2015. Extractive development exhibited the expected relationship in remote rural counties for all outcomes, while nonextractive development had a generally negative relationship with per capita income, a positive relationship with poverty, and no relationship with inequality. Support for the overall hypothesis was limited due to the returns of nonextractive development being more negative than expected.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Affecting Economic Growth in Bangka Belitung Province, Indonesia with LSDV And FGLS Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Darman Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Per Capita

The Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV) method can be used to estimate parameters in the panel data regression model incomplete one-way fixed effect. To produce the best model with GDP data of GRASB. Variables that do not occur heteroscedasticity and models that meet the smallest sum square of error is the variable Mining and Processing Industry, this variable affects the per capita income. The Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) method can be used to estimate the regression parameters for incomplete panel data for a one-way random effect. In this model produce the best model with non-oil and gas GRDP data. The variables that fulfill it are the processing Industry, service, and agriculture of Forestry and Fishery.  Therefore looking at the above model can be concluded non-oil and Gas GRDP has three factors that affect per capita income in Bangka Belitung. This should be a reference of local governments to further improve the quality or production in agriculture and services because this potential is more promising for the future. Software used to analyze data in this paper is with R.

scholarly journals Market Concentration and Natural Resource Development in Rural America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Mueller ◽  
Jesse Shircliff ◽  
Marshall Steinbaum
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Market Concentration ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Rural America ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Natural Resource Development ◽  
Oil Gas

Natural resource development, both extractive (oil, gas, mining, timber) and non-extractive (tourism, real estate, outdoor recreation), has been found to negatively impact economic prosperity in rural America. One mechanism recently proposed for why this occurs is high levels of labor market concentration, or oligopsony. Oligopsony occurs when there are few employers within a labor market and can lead to suppressed wages and a power imbalance between employers and workers. In this paper, we test the moderating effect of labor market concentration on the relationship between natural resource development and per capita income and poverty in rural America from 2010 to 2016. By comparing results between extractive and non-extractive development, as well as manufacturing, we show that labor market power attenuates the beneficial relationship observed at low levels of specialization in natural resources—particularly for extractive forms of development. Further, by finding no significant relationship between manufacturing specialization and economic prosperity, nor any moderating effect of labor market concentration in the case of manufacturing, we demonstrate that natural resource development and labor market concentration have a unique relationship with rural American economic prosperity.

scholarly journals Child Labor’s Link with Literacy and Poverty in Pakistan

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Ashraf Toor
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Developmental Issue ◽  
Per Capita

In developing countries, children have long been largely ignored in public policy-making and the development of program strategies for improving their welfare. The complex issue of child labor is a developmental issue worth investigating. The notion that children are being exploited and forced into labor, while not receiving education crucial to development, concerns many people. This study focuses on child labor in Pakistan with two main objectives. We first estimate the prevalence of child labor in the 100 districts of Pakistan and then examine the hypothesis that child labor is significantly higher in districts that have a higher incidence of poverty and lower level of educational attainment. The results show that child labor has a negative relationship with the literacy rate both 10-14 year age and 15 years and above. There is a negative but insignificant relationship with per capita income and Deprivation Index in the case of male child labor. The study proved that literacy rate and per capita income has influenced negatively on female child labor.

scholarly journals DETERMINASI EKSPOR NON MIGAS INDONESIA KE JEPANG

Media Ekonomi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Soeharjoto Soeharjoto
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
Per Capita

<em></em><em><em>This study aims to determine the factors that affect Indonesia's non-oil exports to Japan. The variables used are imports, exchange rates, per capita income, inflation and non-oil exports of Indonesia to Japan</em>. <em>The analytical method used is regression analysis with data used for quarterly time series data from 2005-2016.</em> <em>The results are variable imports of raw and auxiliary materials, cycles, inflation, real Japanese GDP, and the population is able to explain Indonesia's non-oil exports to Japan by 31.3 percent. Imports, exchange rates, per capita income and inflation have a positive and significant effect on non-oil and gas exports to Japan.</em></em><em> </em>

Population Ex(im)plosion?

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Fred Heilizer
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Population Explosion ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between population density and per capita income was investigated for 117 nations with a population of more than one million persons. H1, the population explosion hypothesis, asserts that there is a negative relationship. H2, the population implosion hypothesis, asserts that there is a positive relationship. The data favor H2 rather than H1.

scholarly journals Defining Dependence: The Natural Resource Community Typology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Natural Resource Development ◽  
Resource Sector ◽  
Natural Resource Dependence

Natural resource dependence, although commonly invoked in natural resource sociology, has often been ambiguously defined. Communities are frequently described as dependent upon natural resource development, but limited attention has been paid to what that means. In the literature, resource dependence is often treated as over-specialization in, or over-reliance upon, the natural resource sectors. However, the logic of over-specialization conceptually grounds dependence in poor economic outcomes. Thus, a one-dimensional typology of dependence based upon a threshold of the share of development in the natural resource sector---as has commonly been used in prior scholarship---does not fully capture the concept and risks tautology. In this paper I address this ambiguity by formally defining natural resource dependence as over-specialization in the natural resource sectors. I then present an ideal typology and classification scheme for natural resource communities in the United States. The typology has two dimensions---the level of development and the level of economic prosperity---and six mutually exclusive categories---extractive specialized, extractive dependent, non-extractive specialized, non-extractive dependent, hybrid specialized, and hybrid dependent. I classify counties from 2000 to 2015 and find that while extractive dependence decreased over the study period, non-extractive dependence increased.

scholarly journals Impact of Remittance on Household Income, Consumption and Poverty Reduction of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Nirajan Bam ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Thagurathi ◽  
Deepak Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Poor Quintile ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

<p>The study aims to identify the impact of remittance income on household per capita income, consumption, poverty headcount ratio and poverty gap by using simple linear and log linear regression model furthermore it focused on to identify the gap of income and consumption level of upper and poor quintile population and compare the income and consumption level of different development region of Nepal by using data of Nepal living standard survey III.It was found that,remittance income has statistically significant positive impact on household per capita income and consumption.There is significant negative relationship between remittance income and proportion of poor quintile population and significant positive relationship between remittance income and richest quintile population. It indicates that due to remittance income lower quintile population was decreased significantly and richest quintile population was increased significantly. Furthermore there is inverse relationship between remittance and poverty head count ratio and poverty gap, which indicates increment on average per capita remittance income reduce the poverty headcount ratio and poverty gap.</p><p> <strong><em>Economic Literature</em></strong><em>, </em>Vol. XIII August 2016, page 1-8</p><p> </p>

Political Conservatism and its Social Environment: An Appraisal of the American Presidential Election of 1972

1974 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Clay Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Peace Corps ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
Murder Rate ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
Per Capita

Although common sense and popular belief hold that the white-collar class is more conservative politically and less liberal than the blue-collar class, researchers have found a negative relationship between social status and authoritarian traits, including political conservatism. The election of 1972 offered a unique opportunity to test the hypothesis that voters' preferences in each state for the more conservative candidate would be negatively, state by state, related to demographic indicators of social status (per capita income, educational attainment), positively related to social deficiencies of the type associated with authoritarian tendencies (high school dropout rate, highway death rate, murder rate), and negatively related to Peace Corps volunteer rate, considered as a negative indicator of authoritarianism. Correlations were in the hypothesized direction and were significant ( p = .005; except for murder rate, p = .05). Analysis introducing partial control for the size of state population produced similar results, as did analysis correlating per capita income in major California counties with percentages of voters preferring the conservative candidate.

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