scholarly journals Specifier appears in time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANCHENG LI
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Syntactic Category ◽  
Maximal Projection ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Adverbial Phrase

As regards the previous research conducted on the topic of de construction, it is doubted whether adjectival and adverbial phrases in Mandarin need a specifier. Thus, I seek a new perspective on de pattern for its syntactic role when it appears together with adjectives and adverbs. Since my view on the syntactic category of de may differ from many previous studies, I will adopt Chomsky’s X-bar theory and assume that de may be the specifier of the maximal projection adjectival phrase (AP) and adverbial phrase (AdvP). A crosslinguistic analysis will be provided and a discussion on how de functions within the phrase is set up. In addition, I suggest a hypothesis that the internal structure of AP and AdvP may be more flexible due to an effect created by the occurrence of de and the force may cause a semantic emphasis shift to the modifiers.

A new perspective on the internal structure of polyacrylonitrile-based preoxidized fibers through ultrathin sections

2019 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenli Wang ◽  
Chengguo Wang ◽  
Quan Gao ◽  
Meiling Chen ◽  
Yanxiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
New Perspective

How patterned neural connections can be set up by self-organization

1976 ◽  
Vol 194 (1117) ◽  
pp. 431-445 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Neural Connections ◽  
Orderly Fashion ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Topographical Mapping ◽  
Set Up

An important problem in biology is to explain how patterned neural connections are set up during ontogenesis. Topographically ordered mappings, found widely in nervous systems, are those in which neighbouring elements in one sheet of cells project to neighbouring elements in a second sheet. Exploiting this neighbourhood property leads to a new theory for the establishment of topographical mappings, in which the distance between two cells is expressed in terms of their similarity with respect to certain physical properties assigned to them. This topographical code can be realized in a model employing either synchronization of nervous activity or exchange of specific molecules between neighbouring cells. By means of modifiable synapses the code is used to set up a topographical mapping between two sheets with the same internal structure. We have investigated the neural activity version. Without needing to make any elaborate assumptions about its structure or about the operations its elements are to carry out we have shown that the mappings are set up in a system-to-system rather than a cell-to-cell fashion. The pattern of connections develops in a step-by-step and orderly fashion, the orientation of the mappings being laid down in the earliest stages of development.

Experimental Research on Brittle Shale Failure Caused by Drilling Fluid Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 2550-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wang Peng ◽  
Hang Wen ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Zhao Jun Wen ◽  
Xiao Ming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Rock Strength ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fracture Formation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Activity Window

The crack formed under the action of circular medium fluid around the wellbore of brittle shale has been a hot issue in recent years. This paper considers the brittle shale micro fracture formation mechanism from the perspective of inhibitive ability of drilling fluid activity. The model of activity-swelling-hydration is set up firstly through revising generalized Usher model, it states the drilling fluid activity range to keep wellbore in osmotic hydration stage with the critical expansion ratio, thus puts forward the concept of activity window and is verified by indoor test. Results show that the different activity of drilling fluid brings difference in rock strength in macro and time sensitive effect for internal structure of rock in micro. This mechanism can provide a more accurate range design for drilling fluid activity and strong guarantee for wellbore stability.

A New Model for Interest Rates

1998 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 195-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Epstein ◽  
P. Wilmott
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Fixed Income ◽  
Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equation ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Short Term ◽  
First Order ◽  
Bond Options ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Set Up

There are many theories and models underlying the valuation of fixed income security portfolios. This work addresses the problem from a new perspective: the objective is to find a lower bound for the value of a portfolio of cash flows. We set up conditions for the evolution of a short-term interest rate and value a liability using its present value. We formulate a first-order nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equation for the value, V, of the portfolio. We explore the solution of this equation and then hedge our portfolio with market-traded zero-coupon bonds of known value. We include some salient examples — generating the Yield Envelope and valuing caps, floors and bond options.

scholarly journals Zjawisko multicentryczności systemu prawa z perspektywy koncepcji integracyjnej

2015 ◽  
pp. 101-122
Author(s):  
Artur Kotowski
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The paper presents the theory of legal system polycentricism from a new perspective, i.e. the one integrating essentially contradictory concepts which explain this phenomenon in the context of the Polish jurisprudence. Apart from attempting to establish “common features” of these well-known concepts explaining the essence of polycentricism in the legal field, the presented point of view pertains to defining the relationship between the phenomenon of polycentricism from the legal discourse theory perspective and the Luhmann’s systems theory. The paper aims to prove the thesis that at present the legal system is internally taking on (transforming into) the heterogeneous type of internal structure due to interaction with already polycentric non-juristic domain, i.e. the social one.

scholarly journals Az optimális ár meghatározásának módszere az értékteremtés szolgálatában (The method of determining the optimal price for the service of value creation)

2015 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Optimal Price ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Car Market ◽  
A Value ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Economic Tools

A tanulmány a mikroökonómia eszközrendszerét és a hazai gépjárműpiac 2013-as adatait segítségül hívva egy új módszert mutat be az ármeghatározás területén. A kutatás központi kérdése az, hogy hol található az a pont, amikor a fogyasztó elégedett a kínált minőséggel és árral – lehetőleg megfelelő időben – és a vállalat is elégedett a megszerzett profittal. A tanulmányban tehát az ármeghatározás során központi szerepet játszik a minőség és az idő, mint értékteremtő funkció. Az elemzés egyik legfőbb következtetése, hogy a profitmaximumból levezetett optimális ár a minőség és az idő különböző paraméterei mellett meghatározható. A módszer segítségével a vállalatok közgazdasági eszközrendszer segítségével kapnak egy új szemléletet működési paramétereik és egyben versenyprioritásaik (ár, költség, minőségszint, idő) felállításához. _____ The study points to a new method for determining price with the tools of microeconomics and data of the Hungarian car market. The focus of the research is on where to find the point where the consumer is satisfied with the quality and price offered – preferably right time – and the company is satisfied with the profit achieved. In this study, therefore, in setting prices plays a central role the quality and time as a value-added feature. One of the main conclusions of the analysis is that the optimal price can be determined by various parameters of the quality and time. The method of using the economic tools help companies get a new perspective and to set up their optimal operating parameters (price, cost, quality level, time).

scholarly journals A Successful Approach of the First Ecological Compensation Demonstration for Crossing Provinces of Downstream and Upstream in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6021
Author(s):  
Guoguang Li ◽  
Qingxiu Wang ◽  
Guihuan Liu ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yuqiu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Investment Optimization ◽  
Glue Method ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation ◽  
The Impact

As the first pilot provincial water environmental compensation set up at the national level, the Xin’anjiang River Basin plays a very important exemplary and guiding role in the ecological compensation of transboundary basins in China. There is no paper evaluating the environmental performance in watershed scale after getting rid of the natural factor’s effect. Here we issue a new approach to evaluate it, combing the SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models and data envelopment analysis (DEA) method, based on counterfactual scenarios. After ecological compensation, the results show that the decrease of total nitrogen (TN) non-point source export coefficient was stable (17.16–17.78% in different sources), while that of total phosphorus (TP; 8.51–17.75%) and permanganate index (CODMn; 13.10–21.41%) was not. The projects of fertilizer application’s effects were relatively obvious; on average, the decreases of the export coefficients were 17.16%, 17.75%, and 21.41% in TN, TP, and CODMn models, respectively, showing the importance of eco-compensation regulation, not only in non-point source pollution reduction but also resulting in high levels of eco-compensation efficiencies, especially in scale efficiencies. By assessing parameter and modeling uncertainty with the use of the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) method, the models’ structure well represents the hydrological behavior. This study also provides policymakers with a new perspective in accurately measuring the impact of environmental performance, to guide the next step of environmental investment optimization.

scholarly journals Opening the black box of selection

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Schreurs ◽  
Kitty Cleutjens ◽  
Carlos F. Collares ◽  
Jennifer Cleland ◽  
Mirjam G. A. oude Egbrink
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Situational Judgement Test ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
Cognitive Diagnostic Modeling ◽  
Personal Competencies ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right

Abstract Medical school selection is currently in the paradoxical situation in which selection tools may predict study outcomes, but which constructs are actually doing the predicting is unknown (the ‘black box of selection’). Therefore, our research focused on those constructs, answering the question: do the internal structures of the tests in an outcome-based selection procedure reflect the content that was intended to be measured? Downing’s validity framework was applied to organize evidence for construct validity, focusing on evidence related to content and internal structure. The applied selection procedure was a multi-tool, CanMEDS-based procedure comprised of a video-based situational judgement test (focused on (inter)personal competencies), and a written aptitude test (reflecting a broader array of CanMEDS competencies). First, we examined content-related evidence pertaining to the creation and application of the competency-based selection blueprint and found that the set-up of the selection procedure was a robust, transparent and replicable process. Second, the internal structure of the selection tests was investigated by connecting applicants’ performance on the selection tests to the predetermined blueprint using cognitive diagnostic modeling. The data indicate 89% overlap between the expected and measured constructs. Our results support the notion that the focus placed on creating the right content and following a competency-blueprint was effective in terms of internal structure: most items measured what they were intended to measure. This way of linking a predetermined blueprint to the applicants’ results sheds light into the ‘black box of selection’ and can be used to support the construct validity of selection procedures.

The study of the natural sciences and botanical and zoological illustration in Tuscany under the Medicis from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIA TONGIORGI TOMASI
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Still Life ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Accademia Del Cimento

A vast body of botanical and zoological illustrations was produced in Tuscany between the sixteenth and the eighteenth century. This artistic activity was made possible by the humanistic-scientific tradition which had been established in Florence during the late fifteenth century, and was further encouraged by the Medici dynasty. The contributions made by three uniquely talented and original artists are discussed. Jacopo Ligozzi produced paintings of plants and animals whose scientific accuracy and artistic quality far surpassed anything achieved by his predecessors. The miniaturist Giovanna Garzoni produced floral paintings for the Medici family. Bartolomeo Bimbi combined the genre of botanical and zoological illustration with that of the still life to create works of striking originality. The crucial role played by the new scientific institutions created during the Renaissance is also discussed. A permanent artists' studio was set up in the mid-sixteenth century at Pisa Botanic Garden. Members of Accademia del Cimento in Florence engaged in pioneering studies with the microscope, a newly invented instrument which gave scientists and artists an entirely new perspective on the natural world. The scientist Francesco Redi carried out important work with the help of the artist Filizio Pizzichi who prepared stunning microscopic studies of insects.

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