scholarly journals shorts: An R Package for Modeling Short Sprints

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Jovanovic ◽  
Jason D. Vescovi
Keyword(s):  
Time Synchronization ◽  
R Package ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Exponential Equation ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Relative Acceleration ◽  
Timing Data ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Sprinting Speed ◽  
Physical Trait

Short sprint performance is one of the most distinguishable and admired physical trait in sports. Short sprints have been modeled using the mono-exponential equation that involves two parameters: (1) maximum sprinting speed (MSS) and (2) relative acceleration (TAU). The most common methods to assess short sprint performance are with a radar gun or timing gates. In this paper, we: 1) provide the {shorts} package that can model sprint timing data from these two sources; 2) discuss potential issues with assessing sprint time (synchronization and flying start, respectively); and 3) provide model definitions within the {shorts} package to help alleviate errors within the subsequent parameter outcomes.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Vertical Jump Strength Metrics and 5 Meters Sprint Time

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Marques ◽  
Helena Gil ◽  
Rui Ramos ◽  
Aldo Costa ◽  
Daniel Marinho
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Linear Transducer ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Bar Velocity ◽  
The Relationship

Relationships Between Vertical Jump Strength Metrics and 5 Meters Sprint TimeThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between short sprint time (5 m) and strength metrics of the countermovement jump (CMJ) using a linear transducer in a group of trained athletes. Twenty-five male, trained subjects volunteered to participate in the study. Each volunteer performed 3 maximal CMJ trials on a Smith machine. Peak instantaneous power was calculated by the product of velocity taken with the linear transducer. For sprint testing, each subject performed three maximum 5 m sprints. Only the best attempt was considered in both tests. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients between 5 m sprint performance and strength metrics of the CMJ were generally positive and of clear moderate to strong magnitude (r = -0.664 to -0.801). More noticeable was the significant predictive value of bar displacement time (r= ~0.70) to sprint performance. Nevertheless, a non-significant predictive value of peak bar velocity and rate of force development measurements was found. These results underline the important relationship between 5 m sprint and maximal lower body strength, as assessed by the force, power and bar velocity displacement. It is suggested that sprinting time performance would benefit from training regimens aimed to improve these performance qualities.

Effects of Limited Peripheral Vision on Shuttle Sprint Performance of Soccer Players

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen A. P. M. Lemmink ◽  
Baukje Dijkstra ◽  
Chris Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Sprint Time

This study examined the effect of limited peripheral vision on the shuttle sprint performance of soccer players. Participants were 14 male soccer players of a student soccer club ( M age = 22.1 yr., SD = 1.3 yr.). They performed a repeated shuttle sprint with full and limited peripheral vision. Mean total sprint time and mean turning time increased significantly with limited peripheral vision. It is concluded that only turning during shuttle sprint performance decreases when sprinting with a restricted peripheral field of view, indicating the use of peripheral vision for the control of directional changes while sprinting.

scholarly journals Mouth Rinsing Cabohydrates Serially does not Improve Repeated Sprint Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Tomko ◽  
C. Matthew Laurent ◽  
Adam M. Fullenkamp ◽  
Nicholas R. Voth ◽  
Carmen A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

AbstractSensing carbohydrates via the oral cavity benefits performance outcomes during brief high intensity bouts of exercise. However, the extent to which carbohydrates need to be present in the oral cavity to influence sprint performance is less understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if serial increases in carbohydrate rinse time across sprint sets attenuates increases in sprint time compared to no serial increases in carbohydrate rinse time across sprint sets. Fifteen sprint trained participants completed three repeated anaerobic sprint tests (RAST), 3 sets of 6 x 35-m sprints, under two different carbohydrate mouth rinsing (CMR) conditions; (1) rinsing for only 5 seconds (s), and (2) rinsing for 5 s, 10 s and 15 s (serial rinse). Prior to a RAST, participants provided perceived recovery status (PRS) and perceived feeling of arousal (FAS). Upon completion of each individual sprint, participants gave a rating of perceived exertion (RPE). A lactate sample was taken upon completion of each individual sprint set and after all 3 RASTs a session rating of perceived exertion (S-RPE) was measured. There were no significant differences in peak (p = 0.18) and average sprint time (p = 0.41). There were no significant differences in perceptual measures: RPE, PRS, FAS, S-RPE or for blood lactate concentration between CMR conditions. Overall, serial rinsing resulted in changes that were most likely trivial, but showed a 50% chance in perceiving a sprint session as less difficult. Rinsing carbohydrates in a serial manner between repeated sprint sets produces trivial changes of sprint speed and perceptual measures from sprint performance.

Relationship of The Knee Extensor Strength But Not The Quadriceps Femoris Muscularity With Sprint Performance in Sprinters: A Reexamination and Extension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyuki Hori ◽  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Masafumi Terada ◽  
Takahiro Tanaka ◽  
Yuki Kusagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose: This study examined the relationships of the knee extensor strength and quadriceps femoris size with sprint performance in sprinters. Methods: Fifty-eight male sprinters and 40 body size-matched male non-sprinters participated in this study. The knee extensor isometric and isokinetic strengths were measured using a dynamometer. The isokinetic strength measurements were performed with slow and fast velocities at 60°/s and 180°/s, respectively. The quadriceps femoris muscle volume (MV) was measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The relative values of the knee extensor strengths and quadriceps femoris MV were normalized to body mass.Results: The absolute and relative values of the two velocity isokinetic strengths, but not of isometric strength, of the knee extension were significantly higher in sprinters than in non-sprinters (both Ps < 0.05). Such a significant difference was also observed for the relative quadriceps femoris MV (P = 0.018). In sprinters, there were significant correlations between all three knee extensor strengths and quadriceps femoris MV (r = 0.421 to 0.531, all Ps £ 0.001). The absolute and relative strengths of the fast-velocity isokinetic knee extension correlated with personal best 100-m sprint time (r = -0.477 and -0.409, respectively, both Ps £ 0.001). By contrast, no significant correlations were observed between absolute and relative quadriceps femoris MVs and personal best 100-m sprint time. Conclusions: These findings suggest that despite the presence of the relationship between muscle strength and size, the knee extensor strength may be related to superior sprint performance in sprinters independently of the quadriceps femoris muscularity.

Effects of time-of-day on repeated sprint performance of aromatherapy massage applied young futsal players

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 4030-4035
Author(s):  
Ramazan Bayer ◽  
Özgür Eken
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Research Protocols ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: Different protocols are applied in order to increase the performance of athletes in sports that include high-intensity activities such as futsal. Massage protocols applied before or after exercise are frequently used for performance improvement. The differences in oils used in the massage and the time of day may vary performance levels of the futsal players. Aim: This study was planned to determine the effects of time-of-day on repeated sprint performance of aromatherapy massage applied young futsal players. Methods: Twelve male athletes between the age of 18-25, who exercised regularly for five days a week and played futsal for at least 4 years, participated in the study (age, 20.50± 1.78 years; height, 171.92± 2.23 cm; 67.92 ± 2.42 kg; BMI 23.06±.77). The research protocols consisted of three different protocols as single group, non-massage protocol (NM), Swedish massage applied protocol (SM), and aromatherapy massage applied protocol (ATM). In addition, three measurements were taken for each protocol and measurements were made at different times of the day (09.00 in the morning; 13.00 in the afternoon; 17.00 in the evening). After each measurement, the Repetitive Sprint Test (RST) (6x20m) measurements of the athletes were taken. While evaluating RST results, the fastest sprint time (FS), total sprint time and percent change (PC) from the first sprint to the last sprint were calculated. Results: It was determined that there was a statistical difference between RST values observed at different times of the day after NM, SM and ATM protocols. In addition, among all protocols, ATM protocol was found to be more effective. Conclusion: It was determined that ATM had a positive effect on RST performance compared to NM and SM protocols and the ATM protocol applied in the evening was more effective than the ATM protocol applied in the morning and afternoon. Keywords: Futsal, Diurnal Variation, Aromatherapy Massage, Repetitive Sprint.

Hip Flexor and Knee Extensor Muscularity Are Associated With Sprint Performance in Sprint-Trained Preadolescent Boys

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Tottori ◽  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Yuto Miyake ◽  
Ryo Tsuchikane ◽  
Mitsuo Otsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Hip Flexor

Purpose: We attempted to determine the relationships between the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the trunk and lower limb muscles and sprint performance in male preadolescent sprinters. Methods: Fifteen sprint-trained preadolescent boys (age 11.6 ± 0.4 y) participated in this study. The CSAs of the participants’ trunk and lower limb muscles were measured using magnetic resonance imaging, and these muscles were normalized with free-fat mass. To assess participants’ sprint performance, sprint time and variables during the 50-m sprint test were measured. The sprint variables were expressed as their indices by normalizing with body height. Results: The relative CSAs of psoas major, adductors, and quadriceps femoris were significantly correlated with sprint time (r = −.802, −.643, and −.639). Moreover, the relative CSAs of these muscles were significantly correlated with indices of sprint velocity (r = .694, .612, and .630) and step frequency (r = .687, .740, and .590) but not with that of step length. Conclusions: These findings suggest that greater hip flexor and knee extensor muscularity in male preadolescent sprinters may help achieve superior sprint performance by potentially enhancing their moments, which may be induced by increased step frequency rather than step length during sprinting.

The Back Squat and the Power Clean: Elicitation of Different Degrees of Potentiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent B. Seitz ◽  
Gabriel S. Trajano ◽  
G. Gregory Haff
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Potentiation Effect ◽  
Average Acceleration ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Power Clean

Purpose:To compare the acute effects of back squats and power cleans on sprint performance.Methods:Thirteen elite junior rugby league players performed 20-m linear sprints before and 7 min after 2 different conditioning activities or 1 control condition. The conditioning activities included 1 set of 3 back squats or power cleans at 90% 1-repetition maximum. A 2 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare preconditioning and postconditioning changes in sprint performance.Results:Both the back-squat and power-clean conditioning activities demonstrated a potentiation effect as indicated by improved sprint time (back squat: P = .001, ES = –0.66; power cleans: P = .001, ES = –0.92), velocity (back squat: P = .001, ES = 0.63; power cleans: P = .001, ES = 0.84), and average acceleration over 20 m (back squat: P = .001, ES = 0.70; power cleans: P = .001, ES = 1.00). No potentiation effect was observed after the control condition. Overall, the power clean induced a greater improvement in sprint time (P = .042, ES = 0.83), velocity (P = .047, ES = 1.17), and average acceleration (P = .05, ES = 0.87) than the back squat.Conclusions:Back-squat and power-clean conditioning activities both induced improvements in sprint performance when included as part of a potentiation protocol. However, the magnitude of improvement was greater after the power cleans. From a practical perspective, strength and conditioning coaches should consider using power cleans rather than back squats to maximize the performance effects of potentiation complexes targeting the development of sprint performance.

scholarly journals Maturity Has a Greater Association than Relative Age with Physical Performance in English Male Academy Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
John M. Radnor ◽  
Jacob Staines ◽  
James Bevan ◽  
Sean P. Cumming ◽  
Adam L. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Adult Height ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Professional Soccer

This study aimed to: (1) examine differences in physical performance across birth-quartiles and maturity-status, and (2) determine the relationships among relative age, maturation and physical performance in young male soccer players. The sample included 199 males aged between 8.1 and 18.9 years, from two professional soccer academies in the English Football League. Data were collected for height, weight, self-reported biological parent heights, 30 m sprint time and countermovement jump (CMJ) height. Relative age was conveyed as a decimal, while maturity status was determined as the percentage of predicted adult height (PAH). There were no significant differences in any measure between birth quartiles, however early maturers outperformed on-time and later maturers in most performance measures. Pearson-product-moment correlations revealed that maturation was inversely associated with 30 m sprint time in U12 to U16 (r = −0.370–0.738; p < 0.05), but only positively associated with CMJ performance in U12 (r = 0.497; p < 0.05). In contrast, relative age was unrelated to sprint performance and only significantly associated with superior CMJ performance in U16. This study indicates that maturity has a greater association with sprint performance than relative age in English male academy soccer players. Practitioners should monitor and assess biological maturation in young soccer players to attempt to control for the influence on physical performance, and avoid biasing selection on absolute performance rather than identifying the most talented player.

scholarly journals M. biceps femoris architecture and sprint ability in youth soccer players: a cross-sectional analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ritsche ◽  
Thomas Bernhard ◽  
ralf roth ◽  
Eric Lichtenstein ◽  
Martin Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Sprint Ability

Background. It has been proposed that muscle architecture can be associated with sprint performance and the risk of sustaining a muscle injury. During puberty, sprint performance as well as muscle injury risk increases in young soccer players. In this study, we investigated the changes in m. biceps femoris long head (BFlh) cross-sectional area (ACSA), fascicle length (FL) and pennation angle (PA) and sprint performance as well as their relationship in under 13 to 15 youth soccer players. Methods. In total, we measured 85 youth soccer players in under 13 (n=29, age=12.5 y (SD=0.1), height=155.3 cm (6.2), weight=43.9 kg (7.6)), under 14 (n=25, age=13.5 y (0.3), height=160.6 y (7.7), weight=47.0 kg (6.8)) and under 15 (n=31, age=14.4 y (0.3) , height=170.0 cm (7.7), weight=58.1 kg (8.8) ) teams of three high level soccer clubs. We used ultrasound to measure BFlh ACSA, FL and PA. We performed sprint tests to assess 10m and 30m sprint time, maximal velocity (vmax) and maximal acceleration (amax). We calculated Pearson’s r and 95% compatibility intervals to assess the relationship between sprint ability, maturity ratio, chronological age and architectural parameters. In addition, we calculated the best set of predictors for sprint ability using multiple regression models.Results. All muscle architectural parameters increased from the under 13 to the under 15 age group (BFlh ACSA: 37%, BFlh FL: 11%, BFlh PA: 8%). All sprint performance parameters improved from the under 13 to under 15 age categories (30m time: 7%, 10m time: 4%, vmax: 9%, amax: 7%). BFlh ACSA was correlated with 30m sprint time (r = -0.61 (95% CI = -0.73, -0.45)) and vmax (r= 0.61 (0.45, 0.72)). The correlation for maturity ratio with assessed parameters were larger compared to the correlation for chronological age. A combination of BFlh ACSA, FL, chronological age and height best predicted sprint parameters. Discussion. Parallel to improvements in sprint performance, muscle architectural parame-ters increase from the under 13 to under 15 age groups. BFlh ACSA seems to be related to sprint performance in youth soccer players. BFlh ACSA and chronological age are the main predictors of most sprint parameters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document