scholarly journals Expressional Analysis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) in Patients with Thyroid Cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Environmental Carcinogens ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Thyroid Tumour ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis

Carcinogenesis of cells in the tissues of the thyroid gland leads to formation of thyroid cancer. Development of thyroid cancer involves a multifactorial route that is associated with various risk factors, such as exposure to ionizing radiation in early life, genetic predisposition, iodine intake in diet, environmental carcinogens, and genetic instability etc. These different risk factors can lead to a variety of mutations within proto-oncogenes and activating them as oncogenes. VEGF-A is one such proto-oncogene that plays a key role in tumour angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to explore the association of respective gene with thyroid cancer pathogenesis. To test the hypothesis that VEGF-A expression patterns has influence in thyroid cancer metastasis and sustenance, a population based case-control study was conducted in 77 thyroid tumour samples along with adjacent control tissue samples. Quantitative real time-PCR (qPCR) was used for mRNA expression variation in VEGF-A gene. Expression analysis showed that VEGF-A expression level was very highly significantly downregulated (p<0.001) in tissues of thyroid cancer compared to adjacent control tissues. Non-significant (p>0.05) increase of VEGF-A expression mRNA with age group, gender, and advanced stages of T, N, and M stages was also observed in thyroid cancer samples compared to the controls. However, when compared for the expression levels relative to the proliferation marker, Ki67, very highly significant upregulation in thyroid tumour samples was seen in the same study cohort. Based on these results we can conclude that VEGF-A under expression at transcriptional level may be playing a key role in progression and/or spread of thyroid cancer.

Association of KRT20 and KRT5 with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients diagnosed with muscle invasive bladder cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 562-562
Author(s):  
Florian Roghmann ◽  
Moritz Reike ◽  
Ralph Wirtz ◽  
Maximilian Kriegmair ◽  
Philipp Erben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Muscle Invasive

562 Background: Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) that underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to radical cystectomy (RC) show improved overall survival. Those with a pathological complete response (pCR) usually have the best prognosis. In the literature, improved response to NAC has been associated with basal tumor characteristics in MIBC so far. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of luminal (KRT20) and basal (KRT5) mRNA expression patterns at transurethral resection (TUR) with pCR at RC after NAC in a contemporary cohort of consecutive MIBC patients. Methods: Clinical Data and formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor tissue samples from TUR and RC of 49 patients with MIBC were retrospectively analyzed. Using RT-PCR KRT20 and KRT5 mRNA expression were measured in 40-∆Ct values and normalized against the control gene CALM2. Statistical analyses comprised nonparametric and chi2 testing, partition models and spearman correlation analyses. Results: The study cohort had a median age of 63 years and consisted of 38/49 (78%) males. After NAC, 17/49 (35%) patients had cPR. Using partition models, we found that patients with high-KRT20 (≥39.5 ∆Ct) had a higher chance of pCR (57% vs. 26%, p=0.04). Using a cutoff for KRT5 at <38.1 ∆Ct within the subgroup of patients with low-KRT20 (<39.5 ∆Ct, n=35), we found poorest response among low-KRT20/low-KRT5 compared to low-KRT20/high-KRT5 and high-KRT20 (13% vs. 37% vs. 57%, p=0.29), respectively. For low-KRT20/low-KRT5, low-KRT20/high-KRT5 and high-KRT20 median KRT5 was 34.8 vs. 39.5 vs. 34.1 ∆Ct ( p=0.001) and median KRT20 was 37.9 vs. 32.9 vs. 40.1 ∆Ct,( p=0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Patients with MIBC showing high expression of KRT20 were more likely to show pCR at RC after NAC. Moreover, we were able to identify a high risk group of patients with lowKRT20/lowKRT5 that was less likely to achieve pCR at RC after NAC. Our findings are contradicting previous studies and need further verification in larger cohorts. However, our results might be useful for treatment stratification in MIBC patients.

scholarly journals Differential expression of Oct-4, CD44, and E-cadherin in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in ovarian endometriomas and their correlations with clinicopathological variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceyda Sancakli Usta ◽  
Gulay Turan ◽  
Cagla Bahar Bulbul ◽  
Akin Usta ◽  
Ertan Adali
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Endometrial Tissue ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
E Cadherin ◽  
Cell Cell

Abstract Background Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease that often causes infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Although endometriosis is known as a benign disease, it has demonstrated characteristics of malignant neoplasms, including neoangiogenesis, tissue invasion, and cell implantation to distant organs. Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct-4) is a molecular marker for stem cells that plays an essential role in maintaining pluripotency and self–renewal processes in various types of benign and malignant tissues. CD44 is a multifunctional cell surface adhesion molecule that acts as an integral cell membrane protein and plays a role in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. E-cadherin is an epithelial cell–cell adhesion molecule that plays important role in the modulation of cell polarization, cell migration, and cancer metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of Oct-4, CD44, and E-cadherin in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues from women with endometrioma compared to control endometrial tissues from women without endometrioma. Methods In the present study, Oct-4, CD44, and E-cadherin expressions were evaluated in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue samples from women with endometrioma (n = 32) and compared with those of control endometrial tissue samples from women without endometrioma (n = 30). Results Immunohistochemical expression of Oct-4 was significantly higher in the ectopic endometrial tissue samples of women with endometrioma than in the control endometrial tissue samples (p = 0.0002). Conversely, CD44 and E-cadherin expressions were significantly lower in the ectopic endometrial tissue samples of women with endometrioma than in the control endometrial tissue samples (p = 0.0137 and p = 0.0060, respectively). Correlation analysis demonstrated significant correlations between Oct-4 expression and endometrioma cyst diameter (p = 0.0162), rASRM stage (p = 0.0343), and total rASRM score (p = 0.0223). Moreover, CD44 expression was negatively correlated with the presence of peritoneal endometriotic lesions (p = 0.0304) while E-cadherin expression was negatively correlated with the presence of deep infiltrating endometriosis (p = 0.0445). Conclusions Increased expression of Oct-4 and decreased expression of adhesion molecules in endometriotic tissues may contribute to the development and progression of endometriosis.

scholarly journals Transcription Factor Profiling Identifies Spatially Heterogenous Mediators of Follicular Thyroid Cancer Invasion

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-376
Author(s):  
Norman G. Nicolson ◽  
Johan O. Paulsson ◽  
C. Christofer Juhlin ◽  
Tobias Carling ◽  
Reju Korah
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Follicular Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Widely Invasive ◽  
Worse Prognosis

AbstractWhile minimally invasive follicular thyroid cancer (miFTC) generally has low risk of recurrence or death, encapsulated angioinvasive (eaFTC) or widely invasive (wiFTC) histological subtypes display significantly worse prognosis. Drivers of invasion are incompletely understood. Therefore, tissue samples including miFTC, eaFTC, and wiFTC tumors, as well as histologically normal thyroid adjacent to benign follicular adenomas, were selected from a cohort (n = 21) of thyroid tumor patients, and the gene expression of selected transcription factors was characterized with quantitative PCR. Invasion-relevant spatial expression patterns of selected transcription factors were subsequently characterized with immunohistochemistry. E2F1 was over-expressed in all 3 subtypes (p<0.01). SP1 was differentially expressed in eaFTC and wiFTC compared with normal (p=0.01 and 0.04, respectively). TCF7L2 was significantly upregulated in wiFTC specifically (p<0.05). While these findings were mRNA specific, immunohistochemistry of additional cancer-associated transcription factors revealed differential expression along the tumor invasive front relative to the central tumor, and histone acetylation modulators emerged as putative invasion markers. These findings may have significant implications for the interpretation of bulk gene expression analysis of thyroid tumor samples or for the development of targeted therapeutics for this rare but aggressive thyroid cancer variant.

Ultrasound risk factors of thyroid cancer

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Muszynska-Oglaza ◽  
Jacek Pypkowski ◽  
Anna Guz ◽  
Marta Mucha-Zielinska ◽  
Roman Junik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Cancer

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF METASTASES IN REGIONAL LYMPH NODES - RISK FACTORS FOR THE RECURRENCE OF PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Mikhail Fridman ◽  
Svetlana Mankovskaya ◽  
Olga Krasko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer In Children ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Among the factors determining the relapse/persistence of papillary thyroid cancer in children and adolescents the most important are the age of the patient (p= 0.003), the presence of concomitant background pathology (p

scholarly journals Case Report: Papillary Thyroid Cancer in a Patient with Celiac Disease and Thalassemia Trait

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1364-1367
Author(s):  
Afaf Albattah ◽  
Yahia Imam ◽  
Ahmed Osman Saleh ◽  
Khalid Ahmed ◽  
Tarek Aboursheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Thalassemia Trait ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine neoplasm in the general population. Common risk factors include gender, radiation exposure, and genetic backgrounds. The association of papillary thyroid cancer and celiac disease has frequently been reported in the literature; however, the association of papillary thyroid cancer and thalassemia trait is rare. Likewise, the association of thalassemia major and celiac disease is also rare. We hereby report a unique case of papillary thyroid cancer in a patient with celiac disease and thalassemia trait.

scholarly journals Development of Predictive Informatics Tool Using Electronic Health Records to Inform Personalized Evidence-Based Pressure Injury Management for Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 651-658
Author(s):  
Kath M Bogie ◽  
Steven K Roggenkamp ◽  
Ningzhou Zeng ◽  
Jacinta M Seton ◽  
Katelyn R Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Veterans Health Administration ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Cord Injury

ABSTRACT Background Pressure injuries (PrI) are serious complications for many with spinal cord injury (SCI), significantly burdening health care systems, in particular the Veterans Health Administration. Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) provide recommendations. However, many risk factors span multiple domains. Effective prioritization of CPG recommendations has been identified as a need. Bioinformatics facilitates clinical decision support for complex challenges. The Veteran’s Administration Informatics and Computing Infrastructure provides access to electronic health record (EHR) data for all Veterans Health Administration health care encounters. The overall study objective was to expand our prototype structural model of environmental, social, and clinical factors and develop the foundation for resource which will provide weighted systemic insight into PrI risk in veterans with SCI. Methods The SCI PrI Resource (SCI-PIR) includes three integrated modules: (1) the SCIPUDSphere multidomain database of veterans’ EHR data extracted from October 2010 to September 2015 for ICD-9-CM coding consistency together with tissue health profiles, (2) the Spinal Cord Injury Pressure Ulcer and Deep Tissue Injury Ontology (SCIPUDO) developed from the cohort’s free text clinical note (Text Integration Utility) notes, and (3) the clinical user interface for direct SCI-PIR query. Results The SCI-PIR contains relevant EHR data for a study cohort of 36,626 veterans with SCI, representing 10% to 14% of the U.S. population with SCI. Extracted datasets include SCI diagnostics, demographics, comorbidities, rurality, medications, and laboratory tests. Many terminology variations for non-coded input data were found. SCIPUDO facilitates robust information extraction from over six million Text Integration Utility notes annually for the study cohort. Visual widgets in the clinical user interface can be directly populated with SCIPUDO terms, allowing patient-specific query construction. Conclusion The SCI-PIR contains valuable clinical data based on CPG-identified risk factors, providing a basis for personalized PrI risk management following SCI. Understanding the relative impact of risk factors supports PrI management for veterans with SCI. Personalized interactive programs can enhance best practices by decreasing both initial PrI formation and readmission rates due to PrI recurrence for veterans with SCI.

scholarly journals Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 9: versatile biological functions and emerging roles in human cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Yang ◽  
Stéphane Croteau ◽  
Pierre Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis

Abstract Background HDAC9 (histone deacetylase 9) belongs to the class IIa family of histone deacetylases. This enzyme can shuttle freely between the nucleus and cytoplasm and promotes tissue-specific transcriptional regulation by interacting with histone and non-histone substrates. HDAC9 plays an essential role in diverse physiological processes including cardiac muscle development, bone formation, adipocyte differentiation and innate immunity. HDAC9 inhibition or activation is therefore a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in several diseases. HDAC9 overexpression is also common in cancer cells, where HDAC9 alters the expression and activity of numerous relevant proteins involved in carcinogenesis. Conclusions This review summarizes the most recent discoveries regarding HDAC9 as a crucial regulator of specific physiological systems and, more importantly, highlights the diverse spectrum of HDAC9-mediated posttranslational modifications and their contributions to cancer pathogenesis. HDAC9 is a potential novel therapeutic target, and the restoration of aberrant expression patterns observed among HDAC9 target genes and their related signaling pathways may provide opportunities to the design of novel anticancer therapeutic strategies.

Failure Types and Related Factors of Spinopelvic Fixation After Long Construct Fusion for Adult Spinal Deformity

Neurosurgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Jun Park ◽  
Jin-Sung Park ◽  
Yunjin Nam ◽  
Tae-Hoon Yum ◽  
Youn-Taek Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Adult Spinal Deformity ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Fixation Failure ◽  
Failure Group ◽  
Pelvic Fixation ◽  
Spinopelvic Fixation

Abstract BACKGROUND Rigid internal fixation of the spine is an essential part of adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Despite the use of pelvic fixation and anterior column support, spinopelvic fixation failure (SPFF) still remains an issue. Few studies have evaluated the types of such failure or its related factors. OBJECTIVE To classify the types of SPFF and investigate its risk factors, including the fusion status at L5-S1 on CT scan. METHODS The study cohort consisted of ninety-eight ASD patients who underwent more than 4-level fusions to the sacrum with interbody fusion at L5-S1. Patients with SPFF were divided into the two groups: above-S1 and below-S1 failure groups. The patient, surgical, and radiographic variables in each group were compared to those of the no-failure group. The L5-S1 fusion status was assessed using 2-yr computed tomography (CT) scan. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for each failure group. RESULTS The mean age was 68.5 yr. Follow-up duration was 55.7 mo. The SPFF developed in 46 (46.9%) patients at 32.7 mo postoperatively. There were 15 patients in the above-S1 failure group and 31 patients in the below-S1 failure group. Multivariate analysis revealed that nonunion at L5-S1 was a single risk factor for above-S1 failure. In contrast, the risk factors for below-S1 failure included a greater number of fused segments and postoperative less thoracic kyphosis. CONCLUSION SPFF develops in different patterns with different risk factors. Above-S1 SPFF was associated with nonunion at L5-S1, while below-S1 SPFF was associated with mechanical stress.

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