scholarly journals Pesticide Application and Food Safety Issue in Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Koirala ◽  
S. Dhakal ◽  
A. S. Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Agriculture And Environment

It has been increasing pest population including weeds, invasive species, insects and insect vectors and plant diseases, which lead to increase pesticides on crop production. Some of the pesticides also contribute to global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer. Pesticides are the potential health hazards which have drawn attention to everyone. The current practice adopted in pesticides control in Nepal appears not enough in line with food safety. This has created a promising threat in food safety and human health. In turn, global warming is also likely to increase pesticide use and degrade food safety situation. Necessary measures should be adopted to curb upcoming alarming situation in food safety.Key words: Food safety; Global warming; Pesticides; NepalThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:10, Jun.2009 Page: 128-132

scholarly journals Microbial Biocontrol as an Alternative to Synthetic Fungicides: Boundaries between Pre- and Postharvest Applications on Vegetables and Fruits

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Michele Sellitto ◽  
Severino Zara ◽  
Fabio Fracchetti ◽  
Vittorio Capozzi ◽  
Tiziana Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
And Storage

From a ‘farm to fork’ perspective, there are several phases in the production chain of fruits and vegetables in which undesired microbial contaminations can attack foodstuff. In managing these diseases, harvest is a crucial point for shifting the intervention criteria. While in preharvest, pest management consists of tailored agricultural practices, in postharvest, the contaminations are treated using specific (bio)technological approaches (physical, chemical, biological). Some issues connect the ‘pre’ and ‘post’, aligning some problems and possible solution. The colonisation of undesired microorganisms in preharvest can affect the postharvest quality, influencing crop production, yield and storage. Postharvest practices can ‘amplify’ the contamination, favouring microbial spread and provoking injures of the product, which can sustain microbial growth. In this context, microbial biocontrol is a biological strategy receiving increasing interest as sustainable innovation. Microbial-based biotools can find application both to control plant diseases and to reduce contaminations on the product, and therefore, can be considered biocontrol solutions in preharvest or in postharvest. Numerous microbial antagonists (fungi, yeasts and bacteria) can be used in the field and during storage, as reported by laboratory and industrial-scale studies. This review aims to examine the main microbial-based tools potentially representing sustainable bioprotective biotechnologies, focusing on the biotools that overtake the boundaries between pre- and postharvest applications protecting quality against microbial decay.

scholarly journals Agro-Nanotechnology as an Emerging Field: A Novel Sustainable Approach for Improving Plant Growth by Reducing Biotic Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2282
Author(s):  
Masudulla Khan ◽  
Azhar U. Khan ◽  
Mohd Abul Hasan ◽  
Krishna Kumar Yadav ◽  
Marina M. C. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Disease Management

In the present era, the global need for food is increasing rapidly; nanomaterials are a useful tool for improving crop production and yield. The application of nanomaterials can improve plant growth parameters. Biotic stress is induced by many microbes in crops and causes disease and high yield loss. Every year, approximately 20–40% of crop yield is lost due to plant diseases caused by various pests and pathogens. Current plant disease or biotic stress management mainly relies on toxic fungicides and pesticides that are potentially harmful to the environment. Nanotechnology emerged as an alternative for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of biotic stress induced by pests and pathogens on crops. In this review article, we assess the role and impact of different nanoparticles in plant disease management, and this review explores the direction in which nanoparticles can be utilized for improving plant growth and crop yield.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Chemical Contaminants in Peruvian Produce: A Food-Safety Perspective

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Galagarza ◽  
Alejandra Ramirez-Hernandez ◽  
Haley F. Oliver ◽  
Mariel V. Álvarez Rodríguez ◽  
María del Carmen Valdez Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Andean Country

The presence of chemical contaminants in agricultural products is a continued food-safety challenge in Peru. This country has robust agriculture potential, but its output of fruits and vegetables is severely impacted by massive mining activities, as well as poor farming practices, including the use of polluted irrigation water, misuse of pesticides, and inadequate postharvest conditions. This review examines the current scientific knowledge on the levels of pesticide residues, heavy metals, and mycotoxins on crops produced in Peru. The available data shows that several crop varieties are contaminated with these classes of chemical contaminants, and at levels that exceed the national and international permissible limits. The abundance of chemical contaminants in produce indicates a relevant food-safety issue, which increases the risks of chronic human diseases, like cancer—a leading cause of death in Peru. Finally, this review presents recommendations to address these contamination problems in produce grown in the Andean country.

scholarly journals Some integrative management strategies to decrease doses of herbicides in agriculture

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Salar Farhangi Abriz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Physicochemical Methods ◽  
Management Method ◽  
Integrative Management

<p>Over dose using of herbicides is one of the major problems in crops and horticulture productions. Human food safety and economical production of agricultural products are the main target of new agronomy and plant scientists. Integrative management is one of the new programs for reducing herbicide doses in agriculture. This program includes many physiological and physicochemical methods for controlling herbicide uses in farms and orchards. This article explain some of these methods such as using surfactants, water quality in spraying, using magnetic fields, controlling the nitrogen content of soil, using a suitable formulation and powerful cultivars and genotypes in agriculture and the effects of this reduction in herbicide doses on plants behavior and weeds controlling. According to this method integrative management can be beneficial in crop production and farmers must be using of this management method in their farms. </p>

scholarly journals Human Pathogens on Plants: Designing a Multidisciplinary Strategy for Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Fletcher ◽  
Jan E. Leach ◽  
Kellye Eversole ◽  
Robert Tauxe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Food Microbiology ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Salmonella Spp

Recent efforts to address concerns about microbial contamination of food plants and resulting foodborne illness have prompted new collaboration and interactions between the scientific communities of plant pathology and food safety. This article provides perspectives from scientists of both disciplines and presents selected research results and concepts that highlight existing and possible future synergisms for audiences of both disciplines. Plant pathology is a complex discipline that encompasses studies of the dissemination, colonization, and infection of plants by microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and oomycetes. Plant pathologists study plant diseases as well as host plant defense responses and disease management strategies with the goal of minimizing disease occurrences and impacts. Repeated outbreaks of human illness attributed to the contamination of fresh produce, nuts and seeds, and other plant-derived foods by human enteric pathogens such as Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. have led some plant pathologists to broaden the application of their science in the past two decades, to address problems of human pathogens on plants (HPOPs). Food microbiology, which began with the study of microbes that spoil foods and those that are critical to produce food, now also focuses study on how foods become contaminated with pathogens and how this can be controlled or prevented. Thus, at the same time, public health researchers and food microbiologists have become more concerned about plant–microbe interactions before and after harvest. New collaborations are forming between members of the plant pathology and food safety communities, leading to enhanced research capacity and greater understanding of the issues for which research is needed. The two communities use somewhat different vocabularies and conceptual models. For example, traditional plant pathology concepts such as the disease triangle and the disease cycle can help to define cross-over issues that pertain also to HPOP research, and can suggest logical strategies for minimizing the risk of microbial contamination. Continued interactions and communication among these two disciplinary communities is essential and can be achieved by the creation of an interdisciplinary research coordination network. We hope that this article, an introduction to the multidisciplinary HPOP arena, will be useful to researchers in many related fields.

Small talk and large impact: the importance of small RNA molecules in the fight against plant diseases.

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Zhen Liao ◽  
Kristian Persson Hodén ◽  
Christina Dixelius
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Small Talk ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
General Chapter ◽  
Late Blight Pathogen

Abstract This short and general chapter summarizes how plants and pathogens communicate using not only proteins for recognition and signal transduction or other metabolites but also RNA molecules where small RNAs with sizes between 21 to 40 nt are most important. These small RNAs can move between plants and a range of interacting pathogenic organisms in both directions, that is, a 'cross-kingdom' communication process. The first reports on RNA-based communications between plants and plant pathogenic fungi appeared about 10 years ago. Since that time, we have learnt much about sRNA biology in plants and their function in different parasitic organisms. However, many questions on the processes involved remain unanswered. Such information is crucial in order to sustain high crop production. Besides giving a brief background, we highlight the interactions between the potato late blight pathogen and its plant host potato.

Risk Ranking: Investigating Expert and Public Differences in Evaluating Food Safety Hazards

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1875-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEVIN WEBSTER ◽  
CINDY JARDINE ◽  
SEAN B. CASH ◽  
LYNN M. MCMULLEN
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Risk Ranking

The allocation of resources with respect to food safety issues requires that decision makers prioritize these issues, which may conflict with the public's opinions on these matters. The purpose of this study was to compare how Canadian expert and lay respondents rank different food hazards, with a view to better understanding their underlying rationales for making decisions on food safety. A Carnegie Mellon risk ranking model was adapted for use by individuals with different backgrounds to rank six food safety issues: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, botulism, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), and acrylamide. Focus groups were conducted using public (n = 29) and expert (n = 21) participants. Key themes were identified from the focus groups as reasons why issues were rated high or low. The most common themes for high rankings were prevalence (of an agent) and/or severity (of a disease) and knowledge and control of a food safety issue. For the lowest rankings, common themes included low prevalence and severity and personal control over an issue. Explanations for why choices were made included availability, affect, numeracy, and optimistic bias. The majority of the rationales used by all participants were similar with the exception of the high ranking given to acrylamide by the public participants. The effect of attribute framing seemed to be the most influential in a participant's choices. Understanding that comparable reasoning is used in food safety decisions by both experts and the public has important implications for developing productive risk communication dialogues about issues and priorities.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity and resistant pattern of bacteria isolated from table eggs of commercial layers considering food safety issue

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfuzul Islam ◽  
Mirza Synthia Sabrin ◽  
Md Hazzaz Bin Kabir ◽  
Md Aftabuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus

The present study was carried out during the period of June 2016 to June 2017 to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity and resistant pattern of bacteria isolated from table eggs of commercial layers considering food safety issue. A total of 200 egg samples (100 for egg shell surface and 100 for egg content) were collected from different retail markets of Dhaka city in sterile polythene bags in a view to prevent extraneous contamination and transported to the laboratory immediate after collection using icebox. The samples were inoculated onto nutrient broth and nutrient agar plates aerobically at 37°Cfor isolation. The isolated organisms were identified based on staining, motility, colony morphology and biochemical tests. The isolated bacteria were also subjected to characterize their antibiotic sensitivity. About 74% egg samples (148 out of 200 samples) were positive for microbial contamination. Among them 100 (100 %) samples had their shells contaminated with microbes of different genera; however, only 48 (48%) growths were observed from the egg contents. The major contaminants are Escherichia coli (34.64%), Coagulase positive Staphylococcus (24.29%), Salmonella spp. (20.71%) followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (10%), Pseudomonas spp. (6.43%) and Bacillus spp. (3.93%). The isolated bacteria E. coli, Coagulase positive Staphylococcus, Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. showed their greatest sensitivity against ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and azithromycin whereas resistant against tetracycline, amoxicillin and ampicillin. There is potential for these antibiotic-resistant bacteria to be transferred to humans through contaminated eggs and are of public health concern from food safety point of view. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2018, 4(4): 323-329

scholarly journals An Economic Comparison of Pesticide Applications for Processing and Table Tomatoes: A Case Study for Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sait Engindeniz ◽  
Gorkem Ozturk Cosar
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
Economic Comparison

Abstract In many circumstances, pesticides are the only effective means of controlling disease organisms, weeds, or insect pests. Yet, pesticides are toxic and potentially hazardous to humans, other animals and organisms, and the environment. Therefore, people who use pesticides or regularly come in contact with them must understand the relative toxicity, potential health effects, and preventative measures to reduce the exposure to the products they use. Today, farm-level costs include the costs of the pesticides, and their application. This study was conducted to analyse the farm-level economics of pesticide use on the processing and table tomato growing in selected regions of Turkey. Data was collected from 59 processing tomato farmers and 30 table tomato farmers. These farmers were willing to have their data recorded. According to the results of the study, the average usage concerning the active ingredient of pesticides for the processing and table tomatoes were 4,825.02 and 5,273.86 g/ha. Average pesticide and pesticide application costs of the processing and table tomatoes were determined to be $445/ha and $502/ha, respectively. The breakeven yields for the processing and table tomatoes were calculated to be 3,708 and 3,138 kg/ha, repectively.

Is Acrylamide really a food safety issue?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Dal Castel Krein ◽  
Rafaela Julyana Barboza Devos ◽  
Luciane Maria Colla ◽  
Christian Oliveira Reinehr
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Problem

Purpose Acrylamide is a compound found in several food products. Due to the toxicity of this compound, research also seeks strategies to modify industrial and homemade processes, impacting on the reduction of the compound. This paper aims to discuss the aspects surrounding the presence of acrylamide in foods. Design/methodology/approach Published literature on the presence of acrylamide in foods and on its effects has been reviewed. This paper explores the importance of this compound, summarizes the knowledge of its formation and gathers data on its incidence in food and the possibilities of mitigation. Special attention is given to an evaluation of the toxicological tests applied, to analyze whether acrylamide can be considered as a food safety problem. Findings Human exposure to food with high levels of acrylamide varies in their levels regarding the consumption of food in the diet and not only by the level of the compound present in them. Although the compound is well defined as toxic to humans, the association between its intake and most common cancers may not be directly related. Originality/value Depending on the approach of the researchers, contradictory results are obtained, showing the importance of this topic to the development of healthy food products. Further research is still needed to validate the potential effects of acrylamide on human health.

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