scholarly journals Ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum ameliorates methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Adikwu ◽  
Bonsome Bokolo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Solvent Control ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Background: Nephrotoxicity is a common adverse effect of methotrexate (MTX). Ocimum gratisimum (OG) has lots of phytochemical constituents with medicinal uses.Aims and Objectives: This study assessed the benefit of ethanolic leaf extract of OG (EEOG) against a rat model of MTX-induced nephrotoxicity.Materials and Methods: Fifty four adult albino rats randomized into 9 groups A-I of six rats per group were used for this study. Groups A and B were treated with water and corn oil as placebo and solvent control respectively. Groups C-E were treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of EEOG daily for 5 days. Group F was treated with 20mg/kg of EEOG MTX intraperiotoneally on the 5th day while groups G-I were orally pretreated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of EEOG daily for 5days and 20 mg/kg EEOG of MTX on the 5th day 5. Rats were weighed, sacrificed and serum was extracted and evaluated for renal function parameters. Kidneys were excised and evaluated for oxidative stress indices and histology.Results: Treatment with MTX did not produce significant (p>0.05) effects on body and kidney weights, however, creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium chloride and bicarbonate and malondialdehyde levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased in MTX-treated rats when compared to control. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, total protein, and albumin levels were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in MTX-treated rats when compared to control. However, MTX-induced nephrotoxic effects were significantly (p<0.05) abrogated in EEOG pretreated rats in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: Ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum contains phytochemicals that could serve as remedy for methotrexate associated nephrotoxicity.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(5) 2018 37-43

scholarly journals Laxative and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extract of leaf and roots from Amaranthus viridis L. on wistar albino rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Omodamiro Olorunshola Dave ◽  
Ajah Obinna
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the laxative and antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts of leaf and root of Amaranthus viridis L. The laxative activity of ethanolic leaf extract of A. viridis was studied using six groups of wistar albino rats; Group I which served as the negative control received 0.5ml/kg of normal saline, Group II received 10mg/kg of Dulcolax and the rest of the groups (III-VI) received 400, 200, 100 and 50mg/kg of the extract respectively. The laxative activity of the ethanolic leaf extract was expressed as the mean of total weight of faecal output in each group. A significant (p<0.05) dose dependent increase in the faecal output was observed at the 200mg/kg (3.00 ±1.41gm) and 400mg/kg (3.50 ±2.12gm) doses compared with the negative control. The antimicrobial activity was expressed as the diameter of the zone of inhibition hence the minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined. The antimicrobial activity of the A. viridis leaf and root extracts had dose dependent increases in all the tested organisms from their various minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The result confirmed that the leaves and root of A. viridis possess laxative and antimicrobial activity. 

scholarly journals Mechanism of Spasmogenic Activity Stimulated by Aqueous Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Mucuna pruriens on Isolated Uterine Muscle of Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
B. Francis ◽  
C. N. Uchendu ◽  
R. I. Obidike
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Atropine Sulphate ◽  
Uterine Smooth Muscle ◽  
Uterine Muscle ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Aims: To investigate the effect of aqueous ethanolic leaf extract of this medicinal plant on isolated uterine smooth muscle strips of the rat and to determine its mechanism of action. Study Design:  Laboratory-experimental design was used in this study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, and the Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria between June and October 2014. Methodology: Fresh leaves of Mucuna pruriens were identified and collected by a taxonomist from Nsukka, Nigeria. The leaves were then air dried and pulverized into powder. This was then subjected to cold extraction using petroleum ether (70-90) and 70% aqueous ethanol, after which the extract was left to dry at room temperature. Estrogenised uterine strips (12mm) were harvested from non-pregnant, sexually matured albino rats (180 g -250 g) and suspended in a 35ml organ bath containing Krebs’ physiological salt solution. The organ bath was connected to an isometric electronic force displacement transducer and a physiograph. Drugs such as Salbutamol, Isoprenaline, Adrenaline, Propranolol, Atipamezole and Prazosin were used as either agonists or antagonists to determine the mechanism of action of the extract. Atropine sulphate and Cyproheptadine were also used as test drugs. Concentrations of these drugs presented in the body of this work represent the final nutrient bath concentrations. Results: M. pruriens caused a dose -dependent increase in uterine muscle contraction with an EC50 of 0.88 mg/ml, n=4. The contraction was unaffected by atropine sulphate (0.042 µmol), but abolished by salbutamol (0.012-0.4 µmol), isoprenaline (0.06-0.23 µmol), and adrenaline (16 nmol). The uterine muscle contractions were enhanced by propranolol (1 µmol) in a dose- dependent manner. Prazosin (0.069-0.14 µmol) and atipamezole (3.3-13.7 nmol) were unable to abolish contractions stimulated by the extract. However, 0.2 µmol of cyproheptadine caused 80% suppression of the extract –induced uterine contraction Conclusion: It is concluded that aqueous ethanolic leaf extract of M. pruriens, has ability to cause uterine smooth muscle contraction hence, justifies its reported use traditionally as a uterine stimulant. This contraction is most likely exerted via the 5-HT receptor activation (activated by low concentrations of serotonin).

Acute Toxicity Assessment of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum L. on Wistar Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Priyanga ◽  
S. Hemmalakshmi ◽  
B. Vidya ◽  
P. Chella Perumal ◽  
V. K. Gopalakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (Melastomataceae) Leaf Extract in Wistar Rats and Subacute Toxicity Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alian Désiré Afagnigni ◽  
Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue ◽  
Chantal Florentine Ndoye Foe ◽  
Youchahou Njankouo Ndam ◽  
Frédéric Nico Njayou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The present work was undertaken to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (D. multiflora) on Shigella flexneri-induced diarrhea in Wistar rats and its subacute toxicity. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109 cells/mL S. flexneri to rats. Antidiarrheal activity was investigated in rats with the doses of 111.42 mg/kg, 222.84 mg/kg, and 445.68 mg/kg. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and organs histology examined by 14 days’ subacute toxicity. S. flexneri stool load decreased significantly in dose-dependent manner. The level of ALT increased (p<0.05) in male rats treated with the dose of 445.68 mg/kg while creatinine level increased in rats treated with both doses. In female rats, a significant decrease (p<0.05) of the level of AST and creatinine was noted in rats treated with the dose of 222.84 mg/kg of D. multiflora. Histological exams of kidney and liver of treated rats showed architectural modifications at the dose of 445.68 mg/kg. This finding suggests that D. multiflora leaf extract is efficient against diarrhea caused by S. flexneri but the treatment with doses lower than 222.84 mg/kg is recommended while further study is required to define the exact efficient nontoxic dose.

scholarly journals Phytomedical Potentials of Chromolaena Odorata Against Arsenic-Induced Testicular Toxicity In Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
O.E. Ola-Davies ◽  
A.A. Oloye
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Testicular Sperm ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Group B

The testicular, sperm and endocrine protective properties of Chromolaena odorata (CA) in arsenic treated rats were investigated using forty male wistar rats (190-200g) grouped into 4 (A to D) of ten rats each. Oral administrations for 2 weeks of 0.2ml corn oil (A), 2.5mg/kg of sodium arsenite (B), 200mg/kg ethanol leaf extract (ELE) of CA (C), 200mg/kg ELE of CA and 2.5mg/kg sodium arsenite given at 1 hour interval (D) were done. Twenty-four hours after final administrations, semen, blood biochemical and hormonal analyses were carried out after sacrifice of the rats. Results revealed that Group C’s mean scrotal circumference, Left and Right testicular weights were highest across groups and significant compared to group B values (p<0.05). Group C had significantly (P<0.05) highest mean value of sperm motility across the groups just as group A was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of groups B and D. Significantly low Testosterone and high luteinizing hormone concentrations were observed in group B. It was concluded in this study that ethanol leaf extract of Chromolena odorata had a profound scrotal, testicular, sperm and endocrine protective properties in arsenic-treated wistar strain albino rats. Keywords: Chromolaena odorata, Reproductive toxicity, Arsenic, Testicular, Wistar rats

scholarly journals Phyto-nutrient composition and antioxidative potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta in wistar albino rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (49) ◽  
pp. 3264-3269 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nwankpa ◽  
O. G. Chukwuemeka ◽  
G. C. Uloneme ◽  
C. C. Etteh ◽  
P. Ugwuezumba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract
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