scholarly journals Laxative and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extract of leaf and roots from Amaranthus viridis L. on wistar albino rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Omodamiro Olorunshola Dave ◽  
Ajah Obinna
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the laxative and antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts of leaf and root of Amaranthus viridis L. The laxative activity of ethanolic leaf extract of A. viridis was studied using six groups of wistar albino rats; Group I which served as the negative control received 0.5ml/kg of normal saline, Group II received 10mg/kg of Dulcolax and the rest of the groups (III-VI) received 400, 200, 100 and 50mg/kg of the extract respectively. The laxative activity of the ethanolic leaf extract was expressed as the mean of total weight of faecal output in each group. A significant (p<0.05) dose dependent increase in the faecal output was observed at the 200mg/kg (3.00 ±1.41gm) and 400mg/kg (3.50 ±2.12gm) doses compared with the negative control. The antimicrobial activity was expressed as the diameter of the zone of inhibition hence the minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined. The antimicrobial activity of the A. viridis leaf and root extracts had dose dependent increases in all the tested organisms from their various minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The result confirmed that the leaves and root of A. viridis possess laxative and antimicrobial activity. 

Acute Toxicity Assessment of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum L. on Wistar Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Priyanga ◽  
S. Hemmalakshmi ◽  
B. Vidya ◽  
P. Chella Perumal ◽  
V. K. Gopalakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

scholarly journals Phyto-nutrient composition and antioxidative potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta in wistar albino rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (49) ◽  
pp. 3264-3269 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nwankpa ◽  
O. G. Chukwuemeka ◽  
G. C. Uloneme ◽  
C. C. Etteh ◽  
P. Ugwuezumba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

scholarly journals Ethanolic leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis (o’Rorke) Baill protects against nephrotoxocity and hepatotoxicity in cadmium-induced wistar albino rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efosa Ewere ◽  
Samson Oyebadejo ◽  
Victor Peter
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Irvingia Gabonensis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Cadmium is a well-known environmental pollutant that has been proven to be nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic in the body. In this study, the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis (O’Rorke) Baill (IG) against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats was investigated. 30 female wistar rats of weights between 98-153g were grouped into 6 groups of 5 animals each. Group 1 served as the control and was placed on rat feed and water. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered 10mg/Kg body weight (mg/kgbw) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) only,10mg/Kgbw CdCl2 and 200mg/kgbw extract, 10mg/Kgbw CdCl2 and 400mg/kgbw extract, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 were given 200mg/kgbw and 400mg/kgbw of IG extract respectively and the treatments lasted for 28 days. Results obtained revealed significant (p<0.05) increases in the serum levels of all renal and liver function biomarkers in group 2 (CdCl2 only) as compared with the control. There were however significant (p<0.05) decreases in the serum levels of the assayed parameters when groups 3 and 4 were respectively compared with group 2. It can therefore be concluded that ethanolic leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis (O’Rorke) Baill enhances the integrity of the kidneys and liver of cadmium-induced wistar albino rats.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Spasmogenic Activity Stimulated by Aqueous Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Mucuna pruriens on Isolated Uterine Muscle of Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
B. Francis ◽  
C. N. Uchendu ◽  
R. I. Obidike
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Atropine Sulphate ◽  
Uterine Smooth Muscle ◽  
Uterine Muscle ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Aims: To investigate the effect of aqueous ethanolic leaf extract of this medicinal plant on isolated uterine smooth muscle strips of the rat and to determine its mechanism of action. Study Design:  Laboratory-experimental design was used in this study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, and the Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria between June and October 2014. Methodology: Fresh leaves of Mucuna pruriens were identified and collected by a taxonomist from Nsukka, Nigeria. The leaves were then air dried and pulverized into powder. This was then subjected to cold extraction using petroleum ether (70-90) and 70% aqueous ethanol, after which the extract was left to dry at room temperature. Estrogenised uterine strips (12mm) were harvested from non-pregnant, sexually matured albino rats (180 g -250 g) and suspended in a 35ml organ bath containing Krebs’ physiological salt solution. The organ bath was connected to an isometric electronic force displacement transducer and a physiograph. Drugs such as Salbutamol, Isoprenaline, Adrenaline, Propranolol, Atipamezole and Prazosin were used as either agonists or antagonists to determine the mechanism of action of the extract. Atropine sulphate and Cyproheptadine were also used as test drugs. Concentrations of these drugs presented in the body of this work represent the final nutrient bath concentrations. Results: M. pruriens caused a dose -dependent increase in uterine muscle contraction with an EC50 of 0.88 mg/ml, n=4. The contraction was unaffected by atropine sulphate (0.042 µmol), but abolished by salbutamol (0.012-0.4 µmol), isoprenaline (0.06-0.23 µmol), and adrenaline (16 nmol). The uterine muscle contractions were enhanced by propranolol (1 µmol) in a dose- dependent manner. Prazosin (0.069-0.14 µmol) and atipamezole (3.3-13.7 nmol) were unable to abolish contractions stimulated by the extract. However, 0.2 µmol of cyproheptadine caused 80% suppression of the extract –induced uterine contraction Conclusion: It is concluded that aqueous ethanolic leaf extract of M. pruriens, has ability to cause uterine smooth muscle contraction hence, justifies its reported use traditionally as a uterine stimulant. This contraction is most likely exerted via the 5-HT receptor activation (activated by low concentrations of serotonin).

scholarly journals Ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum ameliorates methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Adikwu ◽  
Bonsome Bokolo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Solvent Control ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Background: Nephrotoxicity is a common adverse effect of methotrexate (MTX). Ocimum gratisimum (OG) has lots of phytochemical constituents with medicinal uses.Aims and Objectives: This study assessed the benefit of ethanolic leaf extract of OG (EEOG) against a rat model of MTX-induced nephrotoxicity.Materials and Methods: Fifty four adult albino rats randomized into 9 groups A-I of six rats per group were used for this study. Groups A and B were treated with water and corn oil as placebo and solvent control respectively. Groups C-E were treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of EEOG daily for 5 days. Group F was treated with 20mg/kg of EEOG MTX intraperiotoneally on the 5th day while groups G-I were orally pretreated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of EEOG daily for 5days and 20 mg/kg EEOG of MTX on the 5th day 5. Rats were weighed, sacrificed and serum was extracted and evaluated for renal function parameters. Kidneys were excised and evaluated for oxidative stress indices and histology.Results: Treatment with MTX did not produce significant (p>0.05) effects on body and kidney weights, however, creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium chloride and bicarbonate and malondialdehyde levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased in MTX-treated rats when compared to control. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, total protein, and albumin levels were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in MTX-treated rats when compared to control. However, MTX-induced nephrotoxic effects were significantly (p<0.05) abrogated in EEOG pretreated rats in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: Ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum contains phytochemicals that could serve as remedy for methotrexate associated nephrotoxicity.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(5) 2018 37-43

scholarly journals Effects of Sub-acute Oral Administration of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus on Haematology and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
G. M. Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group D ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Byrsocarpus coccineus is an indigenous herb widely dispersed in tropical Africa and commonly known as Crimson thyme. The leaf and root of the plant is noted to possess medicinal benefits in traditional medicine of the Western part of Nigeria. The plant has been reported to possess analgesic, antiplasmodial, inflammatory, antidiarrhic and antipyretic activities. The present study was therefore aimed at determining the sub-acute toxicity of ethanolic leaf extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus. The ethanolic leaf extract of the plant was administered orally at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg to three groups A, B and C of Wistar rats respectively for 14 days while the control group D was administered orally with 3ml/kg of distilled water. Blood samples were then obtained from the anaesthetized rats for haematology and serum biochemistry. The result obtained from serum analyses showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels while the increase in alkaline phosphatase is not significant for the treated groups B and C compared with the control. It was therefore concluded that high doses of the extract may have untoward effects on the kidney and therefore, the use of the plant extract in high doses should be discouraged.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT FROM UNIDENTIFIED SPONGE ASSOCIATED BACTERIA IN LEMUKUTAN ISLAND, KALIMANTAN BARAT

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Nofiani ◽  
Siti Nurbetty ◽  
Ajuk Sapar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Sponge Associated Bacteria

<p>The increase of issues on the antibiotics resistant pathogenic bacteria has triggered high exploration for new antimicrobial compounds. One of the potential sources is sponge-associated bacteria. The aim of this study was to get sponge-associated bacteria extract containing antimicrobial activities. On the basis screening of antimicrobial activity using by streaking on agar medium, there were two potential isolates with antimicrobial activities namely LCS1 and LCS2. The two isolates were cultivated,then secondary metabolite product were extracted using methanol as a solvent. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of extract LCS 1 were 1,000 μg/well for S. aureus, 950 μg/well for Salmonella sp.and 800 μg/well for Bacillus subtilis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of extract LCS 2 were 500 μg/well for S. aureus, 1,050 μg/well for Salmonella sp., 750 μg/well for Bacillus subtilis, 350 μg/well for P. aeruginosa, 750 μg/sumur terhadap B. subtilis. Based on the MIC values, the two assay extracts have a relatively low antimicrobial activity.</p> <p>Keywords:Antimicrobial,Sponges associated bacteria,MICs</p>

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