scholarly journals Protective assessment of cimetidine against cyclophosphamide-induced kidney injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Elias Adikwu ◽  
Bonsome Bokolo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Kidney Functions

Background: Nephrotoxicity is one of the frequent toxicities observed with cyclophosphamide (CP) use which may involve oxidative stress. Cimetidine is an antihistamine with anti-oxidative stress activity.Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of cimetidine on cyclophosphamide-induced kidney damage in albino rats.Materials and Methods: Forty eight adult rats randomised into 8 (A-H) groups of 6 rats per group were experimentally used for this study.Group A (control) was treated with water, while groups B-D were treated with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of cimetidine intraperitoneally (ip) daily for 5 days respectively. Group E was treated with150 mg/kgof CP ip on the 5th day. Groups F-H were pretreated with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg cimetidine ip daily for 5 days and treated with CP ip on the 5th day respectively. Rats were sacrificed serum was extracted from blood and evaluated for renal function markers, while kidneys were harvested and evaluated for oxidative stress markers and histology.Results: There were no significant effects (p>0.05) on the body and kidney weights of CP-treated rats. However, impaired kidney functions in CP-treated rats were marked by significant (p<0.05) increases in creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and malondialdehyde levels when compared to control. On the other hand, significant (p<0.05) decreases in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, total protein and albumin were obtained in CP-treated rats when compared to control. Necrotic changes were observed in the kidneys of CP-treated rats. However, CP-induced nephrotoxic effects were significantly (p<0.05; 0.01) reversed in cimetidine pretreated rats.Conclusion: Cimetidine shows potential as adjunct remedy for cyclophosphamide associated nephrotoxicity.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(6) 2018 25-30

scholarly journals Insulin sensitivity variations in apparently healthy Arab male subjects: correlation with insulin and C peptide

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e002039
Author(s):  
Noor Suleiman ◽  
Meis Alkasem ◽  
Shaimaa Hassoun ◽  
Ibrahem Abdalhakam ◽  
Ilham Bettahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Apparently Healthy

IntroductionDecreased insulin sensitivity occurs early in type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is highly prevalent in the Middle East and North Africa regions. This study assessed the variations in insulin sensitivity in normal apparently healthy subjects and the levels of adiponectin, adipsin and inflammatory markers.Research design and methodsA total of 60 participants (aged 18–45, body mass index <28) with a normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) completed hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (40 mU/m2/min) and body composition test by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. Blood samples were assayed for glucose, insulin, C peptide, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, adiponectin and adipsin.ResultsThe subjects showed wide variations in the whole-body glucose disposal rate (M value) from 2 to 20 mg/kg/min and were divided into three groups: most responsive (M>12 mg/kg/min, n=17), least responsive (M≤6 mg/kg/min, n=14) and intermediate responsive (M=6.1–12 mg/kg/min, n=29). Insulin and C peptide responses to OGTT were highest among the least insulin sensitive group. Triglycerides, cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT) and albumin levels were higher in the least responsive group compared with the other groups. Among the inflammatory markers, C reactive protein (CRP) was highest in the least sensitivity group compared with the other groups; however, there were no differences in the level of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily 1B (TNFRS1B). Plasma levels of insulin sensitivity markers, adiponectin and adipsin, and oxidative stress markers, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase 1, were similar between the groups.ConclusionsA wide range in insulin sensitivity and significant differences in triglycerides, cholesterol, ALT and CRP concentrations were observed despite the fact that the study subjects were homogenous in terms of age, gender and ethnic background, and all had normal screening comprehensive chemistry and normal glucose response to OGTT. The striking differences in insulin sensitivity reflect differences in genetic predisposition and/or environmental exposure. The low insulin sensitivity status associated with increased insulin level may represent an early stage of metabolic abnormality.

scholarly journals Ceftriaxone Calcium Crystals Induce Acute Kidney Injury by NLRP3-Mediated Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zhang Yifan ◽  
Ning Benxiang ◽  
Xu Zheng ◽  
Xu Luwei ◽  
Zhou Liuhua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Oxidative Stress Injury ◽  
Calcium Crystals ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Objective. To investigate the role of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress injury in the mechanisms of ceftriaxone calcium crystal-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) both in vivo and in vitro. Methods. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups of ten each according to different concentrations of ceftriaxone and calcium. Based on the levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the AKI group was chosen for the subsequent experiments. Kidney histological examination and immunohistochemistry were performed. The expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β protein and the concentrations of oxidative stress markers such as ROS, MDA, and H2O2 in kidney tissues were estimated. In parallel, HK-2 human renal proximal tubule cells were exposed to ceftriaxone calcium crystals. The mRNA expression levels of NLRP3 and IL-1β and the concentrations of oxidative stress markers were evaluated. Finally, cell viability and rat survival were also assessed. Results. The results showed that significantly increased Scr and BUN levels, consistent with morphological changes and kidney stones, were found in the rats that received the highest concentration of ceftriaxone (1000 mg/kg) combined with calcium (800 mg/kg). The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome axis and the marked elevation of MDA, H2O2, and ROS levels were observed both in vivo and in vitro. High expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 was also documented. In addition, cell apoptosis and rat mortality were promoted by ceftriaxone calcium crystals. Conclusions. Notably, we found that ceftriaxone-induced urolithiasis was associated with a high risk of AKI and NLRP3-mediated inflammasome and oxidative stress injury were of major importance in the pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Oxidative profile of patients with osteoarthrosis undergoing total knee arthroplasty

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Bruna Pierezan ◽  
Bruna Webber ◽  
Marlon Francys Vidmar ◽  
César Antônio de Quadros Martins ◽  
Carlos Rafael de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
The Body ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Antioxidative Defense ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Knee

Introduction Total knee arthroplasty may be the most appropriate method of treatment in several cases of osteoarthritis. This disease causes tissue damage, which is closely related to the production of free radicals, leading to oxidative stress and to lipid damage. Because of that, the body has several antioxidative defense systems involved in detoxification (antioxidants).Objective Based on the previous information, the goal of this study was to establish the systemic and local oxidative profile of individuals with osteoarthritis submitted to total knee arthroplasty.Materials and methods The sample consisted of four female patients (65.5 ± 0.7 years) with osteoarthritis of the knee. Blood and synovial fluid (SF) samples were collected from the patients 15 minutes before surgery. The concentrations of flavonoids, catalase, and TBARS were then quantified.Results The results indicate a higher catalase activity in the SF than in the serum (S), (SF = 1 S = 14.3 ± 3.1 ± 0.8). The concentration of TBARS proved to be higher in the SF (SF = 0.29 ± 0.02 S = 0.09 ± 0.05), whereas the concentration of phenols was higher in the serum (SF = 3.2 S = 5.2 ± 0.2 ± 0.6).Conclusion Osteoarthritis is a disease that increases the oxidative stress markers in the serum and in the SF.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous extract of polyherbal formulation against hyperthyroidism induced by L-thyroxin in a rat model

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2876-2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar B. Ahmed ◽  
Asmaa M. Moghazy ◽  
Omar A. Ahmed-Farid ◽  
Hassan A. Esebery
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers

Background: Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland secretes more thyroid hormone than the body needs. Thyroid hormone is essential for the normal growth and development of normal organs. Polyherb (POH) formulation has proven to be useful in number of diseases and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-hyperthyroidism, anti-oxidant, and appetitestimulating agent. The aim of the study was to evaluate the curative effect of POH against L-thyroxin (LT4)-induced hyperthyroidism in male rats. Methods: Seven groups (10 rats each) were used for this purpose. Determination of phytochemical analysis, oxidative stress markers, brain appetite marker and cell energy marker were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Thyroid hormones were detected via ELISA, and liver functions were determined by colorimetric method. Results: The data showed that LT4 altered thyroid function via decreasing serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum total protein, albumin and globulin, while increasing Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Moreover, oxidative stress markers in liver tissues were increased, via up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG). Meanwhile, glutathione (GSH) and ATP were alleviated; in contrast, metabolites of ADP and AMP were elevated. Neuronal appetite marker in brain tissue was decreased via low serotonin levels. On the other hand, rat groups treated with POH and Carbimazole (CBZ) showed markedly amelioration of hyperthyroidism in rats at low dose only but did not show complete amelioration at high dose of POH. The data were confirmed through histopathological examination of the thyroid. Conclusion: The data obtained demonstrated that POH, at low dose, can be very effective for completely treating hyperthyroidism in rats, and was safer than Carbimazole (CBZ) and ameliorated most signaling pathways and in different tissues.

scholarly journals Alterations in Biochemical Markers of Kidney Function of Thyroid Disorders at Vidharbha Region, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 236-241
Author(s):  
Ankita Kondhalkar ◽  
Ranjit Ambad ◽  
Ninad Nagrale ◽  
Nandkishor Bankar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Stress Markers

Background: The thyroid gland is a major endocrine gland in the body that is located in the front of the neck. Thyroid disorders cause problems on kidney function in a variety of ways. Hyperthyroidism causes an increase in both RBF and GFR. The expression of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors may be influenced by thyroid hormones. The increased catecholamine sensitivity of beta adrenergic coupled cardiac responses in hyperthyroid patients may be due to the increased number of receptors. ROS may be one of the main causes of kidney failure in thyroid disorders, although this needs to be confirmed in the lab. Aim: The aim of this research was to look at the effects of thyroid disorders on kidney function and oxidative stress markers, as well as the relationship between them. Materials and Methods: After visiting Shalinitai Meghe hospital in Nagpur for a health check-up, a total of 350 people were chosen for the research. This was the place where the five groups were held. Subclinical Hypothyroidism: 70 subjects, Overt Hypothyroidism: 70 subjects, Subclinical Hyperthyroidism: 70 subjects, Overt Hyperthyroidism: 70 subjects. There are 70 patients in each household. Specific biochemical methods were used to quantify biochemical parameters such as T3, T4, TSH, Urea, Creatinine, and Cys C. Assay of Superoxide dismutase by Marklund and Marklund method ResultS: In our work, we discovered a significant positive correlation between serum creatinine and TSH in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and a significant negative correlation between serum Cystatin C and TSH in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. TSH was linked to oxidative stress markers as well. When the oxidative stress markers MDA and SOD were statistically analysed, they were found to be highly associated with markers of kidney function. Conclusion:When the incidence of chronic kidney disease rises, all instances of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism should be regularly tested for worsening kidney functions, and since the study indicates that oxidative stress plays a role in nephropathy, current thyroid disorders treatment methods should include oxidative stress, which will aid clinicians in better managing kidney dysfunction.

Oxidative stress markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome without insulin resistance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reveka Gyftaki ◽  
Sofia Gougoura ◽  
Nikolaos Kalogeris ◽  
Vasiliki Loi ◽  
George Koukoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Stress Markers

Comparison of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Status in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽  
Shima Fathi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi ◽  
Shiva Borzouei ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Total Oxidative Stress ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: One of the most common complications of pregnant women is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Oxidative stress can play an important role in GDM. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary antioxidants and oxidative stress markers in GDM. Method: Twenty pregnant women with GDM and 20 healthy pregnant women with normal blood glucose test participated in this study. Five mL of unstimulated saliva samples were collected. Spectrophotometric assay was carried out for sialochemical analysis. Stata software was used for data analysis. Results: The GDM group exhibited no significant difference in salivary total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde compared to the healthy control group. All of antioxidants markers, the uric acid, total antioxidant, peroxidase and catalase, decreased in GDM group that the difference of peroxidase and catalase was statistically significant. All of oxidative stress markers, the salivary malondyaldehid, total oxidative stress and total thiol, increased in GDM group. GDM group exhibited significantly higher salivary total oxidative stress levels. Conclusion: Catalase level was significantly lower and total oxidative stress was significantly higher. These two markers might have significant importance and might exhibit early changes compared to other factors in GDM. . Some of salivary antioxidants might have diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic implications in GDM. Other studies with large sample size on salivary and blood samples need to be done to confirm this properties and salivary samples using instead of blood samples in GDM biomarkers changes.

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