scholarly journals Use of forest land for national-priority infrastructures in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
U. R. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Equivalent Area ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Forest Lands

 Forest conversion has been identified as one of the several bottlenecks affecting upon the major infrastructure projects in Nepal, especially in the energy and transport sectors. Nepal’s policy requires at least 40% of its land cover under forest. This means if any forest land is converted to non-forest land, it must be compensated with an equivalent area, preferably in the similar ecotype in the nation. In addition, a specified number of trees must be planted for the number of trees felled in the project site, and the site must be managed and protected for five years by the developers. These provisions have led to growing resentment between the developers and the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MFSC), leading to delay in providing forest lands for infrastructure projects. With a view to develop mechanisms for the government to rapidly provide forest land for nationally important infrastructure projects, the Government databases were examined to analyze the forests handed over to the developers for non-forestry uses. The data showed that a total of 14,028.4 ha of forest area were handed over to the developers for non-forestry uses until the end of 2015. On an average, 263.8 ha forest area was found to be handed over to the developers between the period of 2010–2013. However, there is a declining trend of forest handed over for non-forestry purposes in the recent years. The decline could be due to the strict enforcement of the legal provision which limits the conversion of forest areas to non-forest areas except in the case of the “national priority projects”. It has been recommended that the conversion of forest for infrastructure development should be examined with a holistic perspective by taking all the related components of forest conversion into consideration, from providing forest land for replacement planting. It is recommended that the Forest Product Development Board (FPDB), a parastatal organization under the MFSC, should be entrusted with the work of plantation related to forest conversion. The fund for this work should flow directly from the developers to the FPDB. The possibility of forming a land bank to facilitate the work of the FPDB is also recommended.Banko Janakari, Vol. 27, No. 1, Page: 60-64

scholarly journals IMPACTS OF RISK FACTORS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS IN VIETNAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Tien Sy ◽  
Veerasak Likhitruangsilp ◽  
Masamitsu Onishi ◽  
Phong Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The rapidly increasing demand and the inefficacy of financing transportation infrastructure project investments have contributed to various challenges for Vietnam in recent decades. Since the country’s budget is inadequate for investing in all necessary infrastructure projects, the Vietnam government has been inviting other economic sectors, especially the private sector, to participate in infrastructure development. The cooperation between the government agencies and the private entities, called PublicPrivate Partnership (PPP), must encounter various challenges leading to difficulties in attracting private investors. A main reason is that private investors must deal with critical risks concerning PPP investment environment. It is a challenging task for the government to optimally manage such risks to enhance the attractiveness of PPP projects for private investors. This paper examines the critical risk factors that influence the private sector’s investment decisions on PPP transportation projects in Vietnam. Risk factors inherent in typical PPP projects were compiled by comprehensive literature review. To reflect unique characteristics of PPP projects in Vietnam, the compiled risk factors were reviewed by a group of PPP experts from both the public and private sectors in Vietnam through indepth interviews and questionnaire surveys. In addition, ten PPP project case studies in Vietnam were analyzed to derive the risk profile of PPP transportation projects of the nation. These risk factors were quantitatively assessed based on their probabilities and impact levels. We found that the critical risk factors of PPP infrastructure projects in Vietnam are acquisition/compensation problems, approvals and permits, inadequate feasibility studies, finance market issues, subjective evaluation methods, and change in laws and regulations. By performing factor analysis, these critical risk factors were grouped into four categories: (1) bidding process, (2) finance issues, (3) laws and regulations, and (4) project evaluation issues. These critical risk factors represent the obstacles that repel private investors from PPP transportation projects in Vietnam. Thus, the Vietnam government agencies should meticulously address these issues to attract both domestic and foreign private investors in PPP projects.

scholarly journals STRATEGI ON RELEASING NON-PRODUCTIVE OF FOREST CONVERSION AREA FOR TORA PROGRAM IN RIAU PROVINCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ignatius Adi Nugroho ◽  
Sambas Basuni ◽  
Gita Junaedi ◽  
Achmad Ponco Kusumah ◽  
Kurniawan Hardjasasmita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Total Conversion ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
Releasing Process ◽  
Primary Forests

Development process needs lands as natural resources. Unfortunately, availability of land is relatively limited. Therefore, it needs releasing process of forestland to become non forestland. In the process of releasing the forestland, there are some policies which need stakeholders to consider so the minimum required forestland of 30% is fulfilled. Releasing forestland area is possible to undertake on non-productive forest conversion area which is also for the government agrarian reform programs which is called Nawacita. The objective of this research is tooffer answer about the indicative forestland which can be used for development needs, particularly for poor people who live near the forest. The results indicate that non-productive of conversion forest can provide land for development in Riau Province for about 205,847.86 hectares (93.01%) from the total conversion forest area based on agrarian reform program. Permanent forested land which needs to be maintained as forest area is 1,102.42 hectares, because most of the area are still primary forests. For the effectiveness of releasing conversion forest area, socialization programs to inform the community is needed.

scholarly journals Resistance and Potential for Development: Examining the Role of Religion in the Development of Women in the Infrastructure Projects in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (101) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Rahla Rahat
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Financing

Pakistan is going through large scale infrastructure development with most of the state-led mega projects being funded by international financing agencies. Many of these agencies have mandatory social safeguards to mitigate the negative impacts of the projects for project-affected-communities especially women. This provides the government an opportunity to advance the conditions of women in project areas. However, the gender mainstreaming efforts usually face resistance from communities on various grounds including religion. This study explores the nature of resistance on religious basis and the strategies used by the development practitioners to manage such resistance. A qualitative research approach was employed and through a purposive sampling technique participants were recruited for this study. In-depth interviews were used to collect data which was analyzed by thematic analysis. The data was collected from development practitioners working for government and international financing agencies on infrastructure projects. Resistance towards development of women initiatives are on interventions, presence of female staff in communities, and on giving access to project teams, including women, to females in communities. Major reasons for this resistance were suspicion of projects, especially if the financing agencies were Western, and the fear that development of women may result in women losing their religious and cultural values which may lead to the breakdown of the institution of family and Islamic society. The strategies to deal with these resistances include involving religious leaders as stakeholders, peer education through religious scholars, exposure visits for local religious leaders, developing gender and cultural sensitivities of the staff, meaningful consultation with community, and effective grievance redress mechanism.

scholarly journals Konflik Tata Ruang Kehutanan Dengan Tata Ruang Wilayah (Studi Kasus Penggunaan Kawasan Hutan Tidak Prosedural Untuk Perkebunan Sawit Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko N Setiawan ◽  
Ahmad Maryudi ◽  
Ris H Purwanto ◽  
Gabriel Lele
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
The Government ◽  
Spatial Plan

AbstractLaw No. 26 Year 2007 on Spatial Planning (UUPR) mandated that all levels of government administration, ranging from the national, provincial, district/ city are obligated to prepare Spatial Plan (RTR). Until 2012, Central Kalimantan is one of the provinces which have not completed its Spatial Plan; one of the reasons was the lack of spatial integration of forestry spatial planning and provincial spatial planning of Central Kalimantan.The absence of spatial integration of forestry and provincial spatial planning of Central Kalimantan has the implication in triggering conflicts of land use. Forest areas were converted into oil palm plantations without any official procedures. There are 282 units of oil palm companies, occupying 3.9 millions hectares of forest area, with non-procedural procedures to convert forest area into oil palm plantation.To resolve this problem, the Government has revised the regulation of forest conversion by issuing PP No. 60/2012, provides opportunities for oil palm plantations, which under the Law of Forestry located in forest area but based on RTRWP of Central Kalimantan lies on APL or cultivation area, given the opportunity to re-apply the permit/license.  IntisariUndang- Undang No. 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang (UUPR) mengamanatkan bahwa semua tingkatan administrasi pemerintahan, mulai dari nasional, provinsi, kabupaten/kota diwajibkan menyusun Rencana Tata Ruang (RTR). Kalimantan Tengah sampai dengan tahun 2012 merupakan salah satu Provinsi yang belum menyelesaikan Tata Ruang, salah satu penyebabnya karena belum adanya padu serasi antara tata ruang kehutanan dengan tata ruang Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah.Implikasi dari tidak adanya padu serasi antara tata ruang kehutanan dengan tata ruang provinsi Kalimantan Tengah adalah terjadinya konflik dalam penggunaan ruang, dimana terjadi penggunaan kawasan hutan tidak prosedural untuk perkebunan sawit di dalam kawasan hutan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah sebanyak 282 unit perusahaan sawit seluas 3,9 juta hektar.Upaya penyelesaian permasalahan penggunaan kawasan hutan untuk perkebunan sawit di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah diakukan dengan revisi kebijakan tentang alih fungsi hutan PP nomor 60 tahun 2012 yang memberikan kesempatan bagi perkebunan sawit yang berdasarkan Undang-Undang Kehutanan berada di dalam kawasan hutan namun berdasarkan RTRWP Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah berada di kawasan APL maupun budidaya, diberikan kesempatan untuk mengurus perijinannya.

Revitalizing Infrastructure Sector to Accelerate Economic Recovery in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292110075
Author(s):  
Ram Krishna ◽  
Jaydeep Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flows ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Project Delivery ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Global Projects ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
The Government

Infrastructure has a strong, positive correlation with economic growth, making it a preferred instrument for the government to achieve post-pandemic economic recovery. Other large economies too are similarly investing in infrastructure. Indian projects will thus need to compete with other global projects for financing, investors, technology and developers. It is therefore necessary to improve the attractiveness and marketability of India’s infrastructure projects by reducing risks and improving visibility of projects. With increased competition and changes in the environment, the risks of future cash flows from infrastructure investments have increased manifold. This paper examines the perceived risks in the entire lifecycle of infrastructure projects from infrastructure planning to project planning, bidding, implementation and operations along with best practices in each area. A long-term vision for the infrastructure development will provide visibility to projects for the current National Infrastructure Pipeline. The development of the entire project delivery ecosystem requires initiatives in capacity building in the technical, financial and entrepreneurial resources, and engagement with project affected people. Other desirable outcomes of infrastructure investments, for example, job creation, sustainability and reduction in disparity are also discussed. The paper presents a perspective for revitalizing infrastructure development in India so that its efficacy for post-pandemic economic recovery is enhanced.

Issue of Valuation and Payment of Fees, Charges and Restitution Costs of the Forest Ecosystem Used for Road Projects

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
Damian Januszewski ◽  
Teresa Maria Łaguna ◽  
Agnieszka Osiecka
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Statutory Protection ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Production Forests ◽  
Private Entity ◽  
The Government ◽  
Forest Lands ◽  
Standing Timber

This paper presents the issues related to the fees paid by entities for exclusion of a forest from production. Forests and forest lands are covered by statutory protection against change in use for purposes other than forest. The government has introduced fees and yearly charges for which the method of computation is included in the Act on Protection of Agricultural and Forest Lands (Act of 3 February 1995 on protection of agricultural and forest lands, Dz.U. of 2004 No. 121, item 1266). The total fees include a one-time fee, yearly charges and compensation for the early felling of standing timber if it has not reached felling age. The problem of valuation of the statutory fee, once-only fee, the year fees, compensation for early felling of standing timber and the problem of possible ecosystem restitution costs are all analysed in this work. The study also aimed at determining the amounts of fees and charges paid by a private entity for exclusion of 1 ha of forest land from production.A case study covering 1 ha of riparian forest excluded from production permanently was used as the method of study. The amounts of fees and charges due for exclusion of the forest from production and the costs of ecosystem restitution were computed. The study showed that the fees and charges imposed by the government do not satisfy the criterion of equivalency according to the principle that "the user pays" because of the omission of the costs of restoring the ecosystem. 

Improving Infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. R61-R68
Author(s):  
Russell Jones ◽  
John Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Capital Formation ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Investment

Executive SummaryInfrastructure investment can substantially increase a nation's capital stock and thereby boost productive, or supply-side, potential. It can also be useful as a tool in macroeconomic stabilisation, while public spending on quality infrastructure projects has been shown to have significantly greater multiplier effects than tax cuts – so the case for an increasing spend is not undermined by a country's overall debt level.These arguments are especially apposite for post-Brexit UK. Britain's investment performance in general has been especially poor since the 2016 EU referendum. Fixed capital formation as a proportion of GDP is low by international standards, while the government's share of fixed capital formation, at 2.5 per cent, is also below average. It would make sense to target an increase in public and private infrastructure spend to 3.5 per cent of GDP which is the OECD's recommended level.While major infrastructure projects continue to generate controversy on grounds of cost overruns and other issues, UK policy-makers have recently taken a more constructive approach to infrastructure development, notably with the creation of an independent National Infrastructure Commission.But the UK's infrastructure remains unsatisfactory, with significant parts of its energy, water, transport and communications networks in need of renewal or replacement, and infrastructure project delivery remains poor. In summary, much of Britain continues to operate well into the 21st century largely with 20th century, sometimes 19th century, infrastructure assets that are creating bottlenecks, crimping productivity, putting off potential foreign investors, undermining the economy's competitiveness, increasing inequality, and leaving the economy ill-equipped to face future challenges such as Brexit and climate change.The government needs to be bolder, setting out a more ambitious set of priorities including energy projects, regional spending, and fostering capital recycling and private sector investment. A still more ambitious, but eminently feasible, proposal would be to establish a National Investment Bank to offer project guarantees, recommend user fees, lend to projects with the proceeds of National Investment Bonds and simplify planning among other tasks. In a serious downturn, with monetary policy exhausted, the NIB could also help to co-ordinate and finance a response.

scholarly journals Konflik Tata Ruang Kehutanan Dengan Tata Ruang Wilayah (Studi Kasus Penggunaan Kawasan Hutan Tidak Prosedural Untuk Perkebunan Sawit Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Eko N Setiawan ◽  
Ahmad Maryudi ◽  
Ris H Purwanto ◽  
Gabriel Lele
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
The Government ◽  
Spatial Plan

AbstractLaw No. 26 Year 2007 on Spatial Planning (UUPR) mandated that all levels of government administration, ranging from the national, provincial, district/ city are obligated to prepare Spatial Plan (RTR). Until 2012, Central Kalimantan is one of the provinces which have not completed its Spatial Plan; one of the reasons was the lack of spatial integration of forestry spatial planning and provincial spatial planning of Central Kalimantan.The absence of spatial integration of forestry and provincial spatial planning of Central Kalimantan has the implication in triggering conflicts of land use. Forest areas were converted into oil palm plantations without any official procedures. There are 282 units of oil palm companies, occupying 3.9 millions hectares of forest area, with non-procedural procedures to convert forest area into oil palm plantation.To resolve this problem, the Government has revised the regulation of forest conversion by issuing PP No. 60/2012, provides opportunities for oil palm plantations, which under the Law of Forestry located in forest area but based on RTRWP of Central Kalimantan lies on APL or cultivation area, given the opportunity to re-apply the permit/license.  IntisariUndang- Undang No. 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang (UUPR) mengamanatkan bahwa semua tingkatan administrasi pemerintahan, mulai dari nasional, provinsi, kabupaten/kota diwajibkan menyusun Rencana Tata Ruang (RTR). Kalimantan Tengah sampai dengan tahun 2012 merupakan salah satu Provinsi yang belum menyelesaikan Tata Ruang, salah satu penyebabnya karena belum adanya padu serasi antara tata ruang kehutanan dengan tata ruang Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah.Implikasi dari tidak adanya padu serasi antara tata ruang kehutanan dengan tata ruang provinsi Kalimantan Tengah adalah terjadinya konflik dalam penggunaan ruang, dimana terjadi penggunaan kawasan hutan tidak prosedural untuk perkebunan sawit di dalam kawasan hutan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah sebanyak 282 unit perusahaan sawit seluas 3,9 juta hektar.Upaya penyelesaian permasalahan penggunaan kawasan hutan untuk perkebunan sawit di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah diakukan dengan revisi kebijakan tentang alih fungsi hutan PP nomor 60 tahun 2012 yang memberikan kesempatan bagi perkebunan sawit yang berdasarkan Undang-Undang Kehutanan berada di dalam kawasan hutan namun berdasarkan RTRWP Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah berada di kawasan APL maupun budidaya, diberikan kesempatan untuk mengurus perijinannya. 

scholarly journals Peran Sukuk Terhadap Pembangunan Infrastruktur

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
Robin ◽  
Diah Putri Febiana Sari ◽  
Kharis Fadhullah Hana
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Financial Instrument ◽  
The Government

Infrastructure development with Sukuk is currently developing rapidly. Sukuk are bonds based on Islamic principles. Sukuk have lower refund rates compared to interest-based bonds. This study aims to explain the role of Sukuk in infrastructure development in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative methods that are analyzed descriptively. With secondary data derived from the literature review in the form of the results of previous studies, documents from valid institutions or institutions, news, and other supporting sources. The results show that Sukuk is an important financial instrument applied in infrastructure development and has a positive contribution to infrastructure development. Since it was published until February 13, 2020, the accumulation of SBSN issuance results has reached Rp. 1,253.4 T. The results of the issuance of the Sukuk were used by the government to finance various infrastructure projects in Indonesia. So the Government can maximize the potential of Sukuk as an alternative to infrastructure financing and start reducing dependence on foreign debt in infrastructure financing

State assets may fund Turkish public-private projects

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Fund ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Infrastructure

Subject Moves to shore up the PPP infrastructure programme. Significance Political instability, lira volatility and slowing economic growth have raised the risks from public-private partnerships (PPP) in Turkey’s ambitious infrastructure programme, by making it more difficult for developers to access loans. The government, faced with underwriting unprofitable projects and scaling back new development, has handed control of a slate of state companies to the new Turkish Sovereign Wealth Fund (TVFY). Impacts The government is committed to continue developing new infrastructure projects by the PPP model. Profits from the substantial assets transferred to the TVFY will be diverted to fund a grandiose infrastructure development programme. An expanded PPP programme will reinforce calls for better legislation, clarified legal processes and a dedicated agency to oversee projects.

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