scholarly journals Resistance and Potential for Development: Examining the Role of Religion in the Development of Women in the Infrastructure Projects in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (101) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Rahla Rahat
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Financing

Pakistan is going through large scale infrastructure development with most of the state-led mega projects being funded by international financing agencies. Many of these agencies have mandatory social safeguards to mitigate the negative impacts of the projects for project-affected-communities especially women. This provides the government an opportunity to advance the conditions of women in project areas. However, the gender mainstreaming efforts usually face resistance from communities on various grounds including religion. This study explores the nature of resistance on religious basis and the strategies used by the development practitioners to manage such resistance. A qualitative research approach was employed and through a purposive sampling technique participants were recruited for this study. In-depth interviews were used to collect data which was analyzed by thematic analysis. The data was collected from development practitioners working for government and international financing agencies on infrastructure projects. Resistance towards development of women initiatives are on interventions, presence of female staff in communities, and on giving access to project teams, including women, to females in communities. Major reasons for this resistance were suspicion of projects, especially if the financing agencies were Western, and the fear that development of women may result in women losing their religious and cultural values which may lead to the breakdown of the institution of family and Islamic society. The strategies to deal with these resistances include involving religious leaders as stakeholders, peer education through religious scholars, exposure visits for local religious leaders, developing gender and cultural sensitivities of the staff, meaningful consultation with community, and effective grievance redress mechanism.

scholarly journals Use of forest land for national-priority infrastructures in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
U. R. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Equivalent Area ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Forest Lands

 Forest conversion has been identified as one of the several bottlenecks affecting upon the major infrastructure projects in Nepal, especially in the energy and transport sectors. Nepal’s policy requires at least 40% of its land cover under forest. This means if any forest land is converted to non-forest land, it must be compensated with an equivalent area, preferably in the similar ecotype in the nation. In addition, a specified number of trees must be planted for the number of trees felled in the project site, and the site must be managed and protected for five years by the developers. These provisions have led to growing resentment between the developers and the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MFSC), leading to delay in providing forest lands for infrastructure projects. With a view to develop mechanisms for the government to rapidly provide forest land for nationally important infrastructure projects, the Government databases were examined to analyze the forests handed over to the developers for non-forestry uses. The data showed that a total of 14,028.4 ha of forest area were handed over to the developers for non-forestry uses until the end of 2015. On an average, 263.8 ha forest area was found to be handed over to the developers between the period of 2010–2013. However, there is a declining trend of forest handed over for non-forestry purposes in the recent years. The decline could be due to the strict enforcement of the legal provision which limits the conversion of forest areas to non-forest areas except in the case of the “national priority projects”. It has been recommended that the conversion of forest for infrastructure development should be examined with a holistic perspective by taking all the related components of forest conversion into consideration, from providing forest land for replacement planting. It is recommended that the Forest Product Development Board (FPDB), a parastatal organization under the MFSC, should be entrusted with the work of plantation related to forest conversion. The fund for this work should flow directly from the developers to the FPDB. The possibility of forming a land bank to facilitate the work of the FPDB is also recommended.Banko Janakari, Vol. 27, No. 1, Page: 60-64

COMPARATIVE ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY OF DIFFERENT SCALES OF POULTRY-EGG PRODUCTION IN JOS METROPOLIS, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-273
Author(s):  
Solomon T. Folorunso ◽  
T. Omosebi ◽  
D. A. Agbonika
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Stochastic Production ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
The Government

The study compared the allocative efficiency and profitability of poultry-egg farmers in Jos metropolis of Plateau State, Nigeria, across different scales. To select 143 respondents, a two-stage sampling technique was used.   Using well-structured questionnaire and interview schedules, primary data on socioeconomic variables were collected. Collected data were analyzed using budgetary technique and stochastic production frontier model. Result of allocative efficiency showed the following: The mean allocative efficiency of the small, medium and large scales was 0.68, 0.12 and 0.11 respectively; the minimum allocative efficiency for small, medium and large scales was 0.30, 0.10 and 0.10 respectively. The maximum allocative efficiency was 0.59, 0.18 and 0.11 respectively for small, medium and large scale farmers. The profitability result indicated that egg production for small, medium and large-scale farms was profitable in the study area with N675, 671.79, N4, 897,236.09 and N16, 327,633.66 per farmer. The rate of return on investment per bird was found to be 19.51%, 31.21% and 83.13% respectively for small, medium and large farm sizes. For small, medium and large-scale farmers respectively, the capital turnover per bird was N 1.20, N1.31 and N1.83. Also, the profitability indices for the small, medium and large scales are N0.16, N0.24 and N0.45. The study recommends that; Farmers should be advised to increase production from small scale to large scale through policies that will promote such, special intervention is needed from the government at all levels through farmers’ cooperatives in the area of inputs subsidy, price efficiency of the farmers could

scholarly journals IMPACTS OF RISK FACTORS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS IN VIETNAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Tien Sy ◽  
Veerasak Likhitruangsilp ◽  
Masamitsu Onishi ◽  
Phong Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The rapidly increasing demand and the inefficacy of financing transportation infrastructure project investments have contributed to various challenges for Vietnam in recent decades. Since the country’s budget is inadequate for investing in all necessary infrastructure projects, the Vietnam government has been inviting other economic sectors, especially the private sector, to participate in infrastructure development. The cooperation between the government agencies and the private entities, called PublicPrivate Partnership (PPP), must encounter various challenges leading to difficulties in attracting private investors. A main reason is that private investors must deal with critical risks concerning PPP investment environment. It is a challenging task for the government to optimally manage such risks to enhance the attractiveness of PPP projects for private investors. This paper examines the critical risk factors that influence the private sector’s investment decisions on PPP transportation projects in Vietnam. Risk factors inherent in typical PPP projects were compiled by comprehensive literature review. To reflect unique characteristics of PPP projects in Vietnam, the compiled risk factors were reviewed by a group of PPP experts from both the public and private sectors in Vietnam through indepth interviews and questionnaire surveys. In addition, ten PPP project case studies in Vietnam were analyzed to derive the risk profile of PPP transportation projects of the nation. These risk factors were quantitatively assessed based on their probabilities and impact levels. We found that the critical risk factors of PPP infrastructure projects in Vietnam are acquisition/compensation problems, approvals and permits, inadequate feasibility studies, finance market issues, subjective evaluation methods, and change in laws and regulations. By performing factor analysis, these critical risk factors were grouped into four categories: (1) bidding process, (2) finance issues, (3) laws and regulations, and (4) project evaluation issues. These critical risk factors represent the obstacles that repel private investors from PPP transportation projects in Vietnam. Thus, the Vietnam government agencies should meticulously address these issues to attract both domestic and foreign private investors in PPP projects.

scholarly journals An Opportunities-Based Approach to Mitigating Risks Associated with Infrastructure Development Projects

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Messerschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Energy And Environment

‘Risk' is a major point of focus in the literature on resettlement and reconstruction associated with the impacts of major infrastructure development on project affected individuals and families. Previous approaches to risk appear to emphasize the negative consequences of development, and it is no wonder then that project affected people often emphatically resist development and change. This paper proposes that a more pro-active, positive opportunities and benefits approach be taken in dealing with resettlement and reconstruction associated with large scale infrastructure projects. The discussion is focused on the eight ‘risk factors' (or ‘opportunity factors'?) listed in the well known ‘Impoverishment Risk and Reconstruction' (IRR) Model. Three more such factors are added to the list based on field experience in South Asia. The point is that by emphasizing the potential opportunities and benefits, project affected people are more likely to be supportive of projects that may disrupt their lives. Key words: Resettlement, opportunities, risk, IRR model, South Asia, infrastructure development  doi: 10.3126/hn.v3i0.1912 Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 3, January, 2008 Page 9-15

scholarly journals Modernization of Tax Administration, Human Integrity and Taxpayer Compliance in East Preanger

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
Laras Pratiwi ◽  
Yeni Fitriani Somantri
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Human Integrity

East Preanger is one of the regions in Indonesia that has a high economic potential. The potential economic in East Preanger based on knowledge and culture. Unfortunately, awareness of paying taxes still a serious spotlight. Tax revenue at the maximum level can be realized if people obey on their tax obligations. Some of the factors that cause low taxpayer compliance are the existence of public dissatisfaction with public services, uneven infrastructure development, and the many corruption cases committed by unscrupulous officials. This research is an associative study, which aims to determine the influence of tax modernization and human integrity on taxpayer compliance. Sampling technique using accidental sampling with the number of respondents 61 individual taxpayers scattered in the East Prianger. The results showed that tax modernization had no effect on taxpayer compliance, while human integrity had an effect on taxpayer compliance. This research is important because it’s able to explain the factors that affect taxpayer compliance. The novelty in this study is focusing on human integrity on tax compliance, especially in the East Preanger region. This study also provides ideas about solutions that must be taken by the government and society to increase tax revenue, especially in the East Prianger.

scholarly journals Toleransi Tanpa Batas: Outlook Agamawan dan Kebijakan Migrasi Suku Batak Kristen ke Pedalaman Duri Bengkalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Hamdan Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Dialogue ◽  
Migration Program ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Government

This study aims to explain the concept of policy that needs to be implemented by the government in counteracting of religious intolerance. Based on the factors of population equality and economic prosperity, the government must be regarding the socio-religious aspect of the migration program in the interior of Duri Bengkalis, Riau. In order to realize the ideals of national social development, the portrait of the process of migrating Christian Bataks’ to the interior of Duri must be an outlook for the social conflicts that occur. Highlighting the case of intolerance between Christian Bataks’ and Malay Muslim tribes Duri is important to be contextually examined through a research approach. As a literacy for developing unlimited tolerance in the frame of pluralism, it is very appropriate if this study is analyzed using the perspective of the sociology of development. The process of developing nation-building through a migration program, I take field data through qualitative research. The data source was taken directly to the informant with the snowball sampling technique. After the data were analyzed by the process of data reduction, data display, and conclusion, I found that government policy was not optimal in accommodating the migration program. There are still occur caused by the inferior of people for the meaning of pluralism. Although in general, the community has lived up to the philosophy of Pancasila, these implications are lowly in everyday life. Efforts to reduce conflicts that occur in Bengkalis, the government needs to develop a roadmap for policies on religious dialogue. Religious harmony is very important. It is impossible to realize tolerance without limits if the supporting instruments are not a priority agenda. Especially in areas prone to an inter-religious conflict which are actually caused by economic disparity and political oligarchy.Studi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang konsep kebijakan yang perlu diterapkan oleh pemerintah dalam menangkal intoleransi beragama. Selain faktor pemerataan penduduk dan kesejahteraan ekonomi, penting kiranya pemerintah memperhatikan aspek sosial-keagamaan atas kasus migrasi yang terjadi di pedalaman Duri Bengkalis, Riau. Agar cita-cita pembangunan sosial secara nasional dapat terwujud, potret proses migrasi suku Batak Kristen ke pedalaman Duri harus menjadi outlook atas konflik sosial yang terjadi. Menyoroti kasus intoleransi antara suku Batak Kristen dan Muslim Melayu Duri menjadi penting untuk ditelaah secara kontekstual melalui pendekatan riset. Sebagai acuan mengembangkan toleransi tanpa batas dalam bingkai pluralisme, sangat pantas jika kajian ini, dianalisis menggunakan perspektif sosiologi pembangunan. Proses mengembangkan pembangunan bangsa melalui program migrasi, penulis mengambil data lapangan melalui penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data diambil langsung kepada informan dengan teknik snowball sampling. Setelah data dianalisis dengan proses reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, penulis menemukan optimalnya kebijakan pemerintah dalam mengakomodir program migrasi. Hal utama yang menjadi pemicunya adalah masih rendahnya masyarakat memahami makna pluralisme. Walaupun secara umum masyarakat sudah menghayati falsafah Pancasila, tetapi masih rendahnya implikasi tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Upaya meredam konflik yang terjadi di Bengkalis, pemerintah perlu menyusun roadmap kebijakan tentang dialog agama. Kerukunan agama sangat penting ditegakkan. Mustahil dapat mewujudkan sikap toleransi tanpa batas jika instrumen pendukungnya bukan menjadi agenda prioritas. Terutama di daerah-daerah yang rawan konflik antar umat beragama yang sejatinya disebabkan oleh faktor kesenjangan ekonomi dan oligarki politik.

scholarly journals THE COMMUNICATION BARRIERS IN THE HEALTH PROMOTION OF FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM (KB) IUD IN BANDUNG

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ditha Prasanti
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Planning Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Communication Barriers ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Planning Program ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Government

Health is the main factor that attracts the public attention today. In an effort to improve the quality of social welfare and public health, the government also conducts health promotion of family planning programs (KB) in various regions. This family planning program has various options, but the government currently being pushed is the use of KB IUD. This health promotion activity also took place in the village of Cimanggu, West Bung. Dinas Kesehatan cooperate with Cimanggu village to conduct health promotion of KB IUD program. But, in fact, the program is not as easy as it thinks. Therefore, the authors raised this study which aims to determine the barriers of communication in the health promotion of Family Planning Program (KB) IUD in Cimanggu village, West Bandung. The research approach is qualitative approach with descriptive method. In determining informant, writer use purposive sampling technique, got 4 person informant. The data collection techniques are observation, interview, and documentation study. The results of the research show that communication barriers in health promotion of IUD family planning program in Cimanggu village, West Bupang Regency cover: (1) education barrier of Cimanggu villagers as communicant in health promotion program of IUD family planning program; (2) cultural barriers of Cimanggu villagers, which are still strong with the values of local wisdom developed in Cimanggu village; (3) psychological barriers, feelings of fear and fear of excessive pain experienced by the society, certainly in this case is women in the productive age.       

scholarly journals The Extent of Child Trafficking and National Response in Ethiopia: A Quantitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1542-1554
Author(s):  
Aden Tolla ◽  
Shanta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Government

This article analyzes the extent of child trafficking from a quantitative standpoint. The quantitative research approach was adopted in this study, supported by the application of cross-sectional exploratory and descriptive research design, which was used to address the extent of child trafficking in Ethiopia. A total of 636 household respondents were selected by systematic random sampling technique to fulfil the adopted quantitative survey. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 statistical software packages. Adapt Quantitative-Logistic Regression, Bivariate analysis, Multivariate analysis, and Cross-tabulation of extent and factors of child trafficking were thoroughly quantified. The extent of child trafficking from the total result in the study area is about 128 children had been trafficked from the total of 636 households and that means the extent of child trafficking is about 20.1 percent in East Este Woreda and Debre Tabor woreda in or 1 child from 5 children had been trafficked. It recommended, the research is needed to identify the extent of child victims and vulnerable of trafficking in the study area to combat the problem. On the other hand, for a clear understanding of the International Conventions and Treaties (such as fully translating Rights of the Child and all ratified conventions), the publication should be translated to Amharic and Oromifa version (local language) in the official Negarit Gazeta of Ethiopia, so that everyone could understand and seek to implement their right easily. Information gup is a disadvantage for the nation, the government should use different programs on television and radio to address the issue.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK MASYARAKAT DENGAN KEJADIAN COVID 19 DI DESA PAYUNG KECAMATAN WELERI

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sri Hesthi Sonyorini ◽  
Sulastri Sulastri
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Community Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

At this time there is a health problem that is in the spotlight and attention of the world, namely the Covid-19 disease. This disease is caused by a virus called Corona Virus Disease – 19 or more popularly known as Covid-19. In response to this, the government has issued a policy or regulation to prevent the increase in the number of cases, namely in the form of a health protocol for handling Covid-19. The government has issued health protocols for handling Covid-19, including health protocols, borders, communications, education areas, and public and transportation areas, including policies in the form of implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in several areas in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship between community         characteristics and the incidence of covid 19 in Payung Village, Weleri District.              Research design is descriptive correlation with sampling technique using simple random sampling with a sample of 58 respondents. Statistical analysis using chi square. From the results of the study, it was found that there was a relationship between age, gender, education and occupation with the incidence of Covid-19 in Payung Village, Weleri District with a p value <0.05.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pengadaan Tanah Skala Kecil dengan dan tanpa Penetapan Lokasi di Kabupaten Sleman

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Wenny Yolanda Ratna Sari ◽  
Priyo Katon Prasetyo ◽  
Sudibyanung Sudibyanung
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Land Availability ◽  
The Government

Land availability is the great significant part in infrastructure development. To support the land availability, the government pursues a program called land acquisition. Land acquisition is regulated in Law Number 2 of 2012 and Government Regulation Number 71 of 2012. Based on Government Regulation Number 40 of 2014, land acquisition is divided into two, including large scale with an area of more than 5 hectares and small scale based with an area of less than 5 hectares. Small-scale land acquisition is further regulated in Presidential Regulation Number 148 of 2015 Article 121 paragraph (3) which does not require a determination of location. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation process as well as the advantages and disadvantages of small-scale land acquisition with and without location determination in Sleman Regency. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of this research showed that the implementation of land acquisition with determination of location has advantages (4) and weaknesses (6) while land acquisition without determination of location has advantages (6) and disadvantages (4).

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