scholarly journals Effect of management practice and age on increment in Pinus patula plantations in Nepal

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
S. P. Dangal ◽  
A. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Pinus Patula ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Density Class

With the large-scale plantation commenced in the early 1980s, nearly 370,000 hectares of plantations have been successfully established in Nepal. More than 26 thousand hectares (ha) of plantations have been established since late seventies in Sindhupalchok and Kavrepalanchok districts and are handed over to communities as community forests. Pinus roxburghii and Pinus patula are the dominant species of these plantations aiming to maximize biomass productions and restore greenery in degraded hills. The growth rate Pinus patula was estimated 15 m³ ha-1 yr-1 in 1995 which but reduced to 7 m³ ha-1 yr-1 in 2011. As P. patula is an exotic species to Nepal, knowledge on effect of age and management practices on increment was limited in Nepal as well as in the regions. This is hindering in implementations of appropriate   silviculture by the forest managers. To fill this knowledge gap, primary data were collected taking sample cores from 120 trees in 2015 from four community forests of Chaubas ridge of Kavrepalanchok district for dendrochronological assessment. Among these four community forests, two followed improved management practices and two followed conventional management practices. To substantiate the data, secondary data of similar studies were used. Dendrochronological assessment taking sample cores of 120 and 80 were conducted in 2000 and 2005 respectively in plantations, managed by community forest users groups, carried out between 1975 AD and 1990 AD in Chaubas ridge of Kavrepalanchok districts. The study found that the growth rate decreased after 12 years and this rate was bigger in the higher density class. The cumulative increment was higher in the lower density class but was found to have retarded rapidly after 15–17 years of age in the higher density class as well as in the conventionally managed plantations. The study recommends conducting planned thinning from the early age of 10–12 years while the final felling is recommended to be executed at the age of 30±5 years for P. patula to maximize volume production. However, most of the plantations have crossed its rotation age, growth rate has been stagnated and there is slim scope of increment from further thinning. In such case, as natural regeneration of the same species is observed encouraging, the study suggest to keep 10–15 seed trees and harvest the remaining. Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal Special Issue No. 4, 2018, Page : 27-37

scholarly journals KAJIAN EKSTERNALITAS DAN KEBERLANJUTAN PERIKANAN DI PERAIRAN WADUK JATILUHUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Sonny Koeshendrajana ◽  
Rizki Aprilian Wijaya ◽  
Fatriyandi Nur Priyatna ◽  
Pujoyuwono Martosuyono ◽  
Sutrisno Sukimin
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Management Pattern ◽  
Policy And Strategy

Eksternalitas dapat diartikan sebagai dampak dari suatu kegiatan tertentu terhadap kegiatan lainnya. Dalam konteks pengelolaan sumberdaya perairan, eksternalitas sangat penting diketahui mengingat hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan terjadinya alokasi pemanfaatan sumberdaya yang tidak efisien dan selanjutnya mempengaruhi kinerja keberlanjutan pemanfaatannya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian bertujuan mengkaji eksternalitas dan status keberlanjutan perikanan pada sumberdaya perairan waduk di waduk Jatiluhur. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama bulan Juli-Desember 2009. Secara spesifik, kegiatan penelitian difokuskan untuk mendapatkan data dinamika pengelolaan perikanan, eksternalitas dan status keberlanjutan pola pengelolaan perikanannya. Studi kasus digunakan pada penelitian ini. Data primer diperoleh melalui survei lapang dan data sekunder diperoleh melalui penelusuran dan kajian literatur terkait topik penelitian. Metoda analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan tabulatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menyajikan gambaran dinamika pengelolaan perikanan yang ada. Eksternalitas dan status keberlanjutan pola pengelolaan perikanan yang ada dieksplorasi berdasarkan lima pelaku pemanfaat yang teridentifikasi, yaitu perikanan tangkap, perikanan budidaya, wisata pemancingan, transportasi dan manajemen waduk. Keberlanjutan bagi pemanfaatan perikanan waduk dapat terjamin apabila pelaku usaha melakukan optimalisasi sesuai dengan daya dukung perairan bagi perikanan budidaya dan menjalankan pilihan pengelolaan perikanan tangkap dalam bentuk penerapan alat dan metoda penangkapan yang ramah lingkungan, penebaran ikan yang dapat memanfaatkan kesuburan perairan. Hasil kajian dapat digunakan oleh otoritas pengelola waduk sebagai rujukan bagi rumusan kebijakan pengelolaan perikanan di waduk Jatiluhur. Tittle: Externality and Sustainablity of Fisheries in the Jatiluhur ReservoirExternality can be defined as an impact of a certain activity to other activity. In the context of fisheries resource management, externality is important to understand due to its impact on in-efficiency resource allocation, and hence, affecting to the sustainable use of the resource. Therefore, research aimed at exploring externalities and sustainability status of fisheries in the Jatiluhur reservoir was carried out during July – December 2009. Specifically, the research was focused to find the dynamic pattern of fisheries related activities, externalities and sustainability status of the fisheries management pattern. Case study method was used in this study. Primary and secondary data were used in this study. Primary data were collected through field survey while secondary data were collected through literatures review on the relatedtopic of the study. Analyses were carried out descriptively both qualitative and tabulative data and information. Results of the study show dynamic illustration of the fisheries management practices in the Jatiluhur reservoir resource. Externalities and sustainability status of fisheries management pattern were explored based on five players being identified, namely capture fishery, aquaculture, sport fishing, transportation and reservoir management. Sustainability of each activity could be maintained if fish farmers operate cage culture optimally in accordance with the carrying capacity of the resource while fishery management implements the appropriated fishing gears and methods as well as stocking recommended species of fish to utilize the abundance of natural food. The results can be used by management authority as a basis for formulating policy and strategy fisheries management practice in the Jatiluhur reservoir.

scholarly journals Examining issues influencing effective facilities management practice on selected public sector buildings in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Petronella Minenhle Ndlovu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Item Score ◽  
Repair Work

The facilities management (FM) industry has been confronted with a number of challenges and obstacles when it comes to the implementation of effective and efficient facilities management in public sector buildings. Thus, this study: investigates the current nature and extent of facilities management practice in public sector buildings; determines the technical roles of the facilities management team in the life cycle of public sector buildings; determines the competencies required for effective FM practices in public sector buildings; investigatesthe challengesinhibiting effective FM practice in public sector buildings, determines the drivers and enablers for effective FM practice in public sector buildings; and also recommends strategies for effective FM in public sector buildings in South Africa. The study utilized primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from the respondents through a questionnaire survey of 39 inspectors of the provincial Public Works department in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The questionnaire elicited information on issues influencing effective facilities management practices on selected public sector buildings. The secondary data was generated from literature from which the research instrument was developed. Data analysis was carried out using mean item score, percentage, factor analysis and T-test. The research findings indicated that most organizations were predominantly utilizing unplanned maintenance strategies and as such, involved repair work and corrective maintenance rather than predictive and preventive maintenance. The study also found insufficient funding, irregular, or fixed budgeting and the absence of a policy guideline for infrastructural development and maintenance of buildings as the major challenge affecting FM practices in the study area. The predominant drivers of FM practices are design of organizational structure, spirit of teamwork and sharing of FM knowledge and skills. The availability of policy/regulations supporting the maintenance of public buildings, availability of funds, hiring of better skilled professionals and an increase in the level of awareness of FM benefits were found to be enablers of FM practices. Based on these findings, the study recommends the need to employ a planned maintenance strategy in the day-to-day maintenance of public sector buildings. Furthermore, there is a need to have a policy in place that stands as a guideline for all work, strategies and processes for FM in public sector buildings. This study adds to the existing body of knowledge by providing useful information on factors that could enhance the effectiveness of facilities management in public sectors buildings in South Africa and beyond.

scholarly journals Effects of management practices on growth rate of pine plantations in Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Dangal ◽  
A. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Density Class ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Vast Area

With the large scale plantation commenced in the early 1980s, nearly 370,000 hectares of plantations have been successfully established in Nepal. Pinus patula is one of the dominant species of these plantations aiming to maximize biomass productions in degraded hills. The growth rate of 15 m³ ha-1yr-1 estimated in 1995 was reduced to 7 m³ ha-1yr-1 in 2011. As it is an exotic species to Nepal, the effect of management practices on its growth was not clear because of specific ecologic condition which is hindering in developing a management plan with a high confidence. Dendrocronological assessment taking sample cores of 120 trees was conducted in plantations age between 1975 and 1990. The study found that the growth rate decreased after 10 years and the rate was high in the higher density class. The cumulative increment, which was found to be higher in the lower density class, was found to have retarded faster after 15-17 years of age in the higher density class as well as in the informally managed plantations. The study recommends conducting planned thinning from the early age of 8-10 years while the final felling is recommended to be executed at the age of 30-35 years for maximizing its volume. However, a vast area of the current stock, which has already crossed or nearly crossed the rotation age of this species, should be removed in two phases ensuring the establishment of the new crops. They should be clear felled when they reach the age of 45 years.Banko Janakari, A Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 25, No. 1Page: 30-38

An Investigation of Credit Risk Management Strategies of Private Commercial Banks of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Abu Hanifa Md. Noman ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain ◽  
Sajeda Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Credit Risk Management ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

Objective - The study aims to investigate credit risk management practices and credit risk management strategies of the local private commercial banks in Bangladesh. Methodology -The investigation is conducted based on primary data collected from a set of both closed end and open end questionnaire from 23 out of 39 local private commercial banks in Bangladesh. Descriptive statistics has been used in processing the data and interpreting the results. Findings - The results reveal that credit risk management practice of the sample banks is sound which is attributed to the appropriate implementation of Basel II and credit risk management guidelines the country's central bank. The findings further show that use of Credit risk grading is most popular and effective criteria for measuring the borrowing capacity of the borrowers. In order to control credit risk and preventing losses from credit exposure banks give more focus on collateralization, accurate loan pricing and third party guarantee. Loan is monitored properly and credit reminder is given to the client if principal and interest remain outstanding for three months. The study further reveals that lack of experienced and trained credit officers, lack of genuine market information and Lack of awareness regarding non-genuine borrower are the most important problems of current credit risk management practices in Bangladesh. Novelty - To the best of the knowledge of the authors the study is the first that investigates credit risk management strategies of private commercial banks, especially on Bangladesh. Type of Paper - Empirical Keyword : Bangladesh; Commercial Bank; Credit risk; Credit risk management; Credit risk management strategies.

scholarly journals Quality Management Interconnection of Universitas Pasifik Morotai

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Irawati Sabban ◽  
Irfan Hi. Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Leadership Studies ◽  
Quality Culture ◽  
Data Source

The purpose of this study is to examine how interconnection practices in management, policy, planning and leadership studies are focused on quality management practices set out in the SPMI at the Universitas Pasifik Morotai (UNIPAS) Quality Assurance Institute (LPM). The research method used in this study is qualitative research. Data needed in this study are primary data and secondary data. The primary data source is the Chairperson of the Universitas Pasifik Morotai (UNIPAS) Quality Assurance Institute as Quality Control and Supervision at the Universitas Pasifik Morotai (UNIPAS). Quality documents as secondary data sources. Quality Assurance, is a proof of Universitas Pasifik Morotai’s commitment to develop a quality culture. The SPMI policy is a written documentation containing an outline of an explanation for understanding, designing, and implementing SPMI in the administration of higher education services to the community so that quality culture is realized. The quality management process at the Universitas Pasifik Morotai (UNIPAS) shows that the four elements of the interconnection of management studies, policy, leadership and planning have a very strong link in the administration of higher education activities at the Universitas Pasifik Morotai (UNIPAS). 

scholarly journals The Effect of Supply Chain Quality Integration on Supply Chain Management Practice to Achieve Supply Chain Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Monika Kussetya Ciptani ◽  
Yunica Wahyu Dewantari
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Chain Management

In manufacturing company, quality of product could become their competitive advantage to compete in the market. To achieve good quality of products and activities, company need to have system or strategy to manage their supply chain activity and make it more effective and efficient flow of production and improve the quality of information sharing, production time, and products, so the company can improve their performance. This study conducted to find out the mediating effect of supply chain quality integration on supply chain management practices to achieve performance. Researcher was using PLS Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyze data. The sample of this research was consumer goods manufacturing in Indonesia and using primary data with questionnaire as data collection method. After analysis using PLS-SEM, researcher was found that supply chain management practices affect operational performance; and supply chain quality integration has mediating effect on the effect of supply chain management practices on operational performance of company.

scholarly journals Credit Management Practices and Loan Performance: Empirical Evidence from Commercial Banks in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Irene Muthoni Mburu ◽  
Lucy Wamugo Mwangi ◽  
Stephen M.A Muathe
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Credit Management ◽  
Lending Policy ◽  
Debt Collection

Commercial banks in Kenya as per the World Bank report were recording higher non-performance in loans over the study period than the standard globally in spite of Kenya having the most stable and developed banking system in East and Central Africa region. Commercial banks non-performing loans for five years from 2015 to 2018 averaged eleven percent which was higher than the recommended rate of one percent. In Kenya, commercial banks’ non-performing loans remain higher than the recommended rate which could be due to inadequate credit management practices. The study therefore aimed at examining the effect of credit management practices on loan performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to establish the effect of debt collection policy, client appraisal and lending policy on the loan performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The underpinning theory of the study was the 5Cs model for credit. The study used explanatory research design and the research philosophy adopted was positivism. The target population was 44 commercial banks in Kenya and a census approach was used. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires and related to credit management practices while secondary data was obtained from review of existing bank loan records in relation to loan amount advanced and non-performing loans for a period of four years from 2015-2018. The data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS version 22. The study found out that debt collection policy and lending policy had a positive significant effect on loan performance of commercial banks in Kenya. However, client appraisal had no significant effect on loan performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Therefore, the study concluded that commercial banks’ loan performance could be largely attributed to the efficiency of the credit management practices put in place at the institutions. The study recommended that commercial banks to regularly evaluate and update practices relating to debt collection policy, client appraisal and lending policy that are capable of ensuring that credit risks are identified and recorded from departmental level to the institution at large. This is vital in light of technological innovations in the banking sector like mobile lending that may limit commercial banks’ ability to evaluate and manage credit using traditional methods.

scholarly journals Features of First Nation forest management institutions and implications for sustainability

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Treseder ◽  
Naomi T. Krogman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
First Nation ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Industrial Forestry

This paper provides an overview of three approaches to forest management being applied by First Nations in Canada: industrial forestry, forest co-management and community forests. Industrial forestry, involving large-scale harvesting of timber, has been successful in increasing employment levels for some First Nations. However, industrial forestry is difficult to pursue due to the significant financial and timber resources it requires, and it may result in social conflicts between timber harvesters and traditional users of the forest. Forest co-management refers to shared management of forest resources by First Nations, government and/or industry. Benefits of co-management for First Nations can include better decision-making, increased employment opportunities, and cultural sensitivity toward First Nation forestry concerns. Disadvantages can include inequality of the partners in co-management arrangements and lack of public involvement in decision-making. Community forests often include local control, local investment of profits, and greater attention to the long term returns from the forest. The community forest approach may be hindered by a lack of profit, an absence of alternative tenure arrangements and other models to follow, and difficult access to financial resources and adequate land bases. The current state of institutional reform offers hope for the incorporation of Aboriginal objectives in sustainable forest management. New institutions can contribute to sustainability in forest-dependent Aboriginal communities by increasing commitment to and support of local forest management practices. Key Words: forest sociology, sustainable forest management, First Nations, social institutions, industrial forestry, forest co-management, community forests

scholarly journals Strategy In Development Of Processing Salak At Ud. Salacca Through Business Model Canvas Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Juni Hartati ◽  
Yulia Windi Tanjung ◽  
Anugrah Sri Widiasyih ◽  
Timbul Rasoki
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Counseling Training ◽  
Business Model Canvas ◽  
The Government

This study is aimed to analyze business model, internal external environment and formulate alternative strategies in UD. Salacca based on Business Model Canvas. The methods of research used are descriptive qualitative method. The data was obtained through secondary data and primary data. Data collected through depth interviews, observation and focus group discussion. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the SWOT and BMC. The results showed that SWOT has Strengths (S), South Tapanuli is the salak production center in North Sumatra. Weaknesses (W) such as some products are not always available and cannot meet large-scale demand or exports; venture capital, technology and labor are still limited; there is no official cooperation contract with suppliers, customers and distributors. Therefore, BMC now needs to be improved by utilizing Opportunities (O) including the assistance from the Government in the form of counseling, training and mentoring of the production machinery business; product promotion facilities at trade shows / festivals and also trade sites; other than that the product has been in demand by domestic and foreign tourists; The business already has a link to export products. So as to be able to face the Threat (T) of many competing products that use substitute raw materials and more sophisticated production technology resulting in consumers not loyal. The resulting alternative strategies are increasing consumer reach and business scale; improvement of production facilities and infrastructure; improving services with consumers; partnerships with distributors and souvenir vendors; increase capital, technology and labor.

scholarly journals Inovasi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) Berbasis Teknologi Informasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-126
Author(s):  
Asmara Yumarni
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Compulsory Subject ◽  
Education Courses ◽  
Made In

The purpose of this study was to look at innovations in learning Islamic Education (PAI) at Prof. University. Dr. Hazairin, SH Bengkulu based on information technology in order to facilitate the learning process of PAI. The research method used is a qualitative method. Primary data is taken from interviews and observations, and secondary data is taken from documentation. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative techniques. The results of the study found two themes, first, the policy of Islamic religious education courses in Unihaz refers to the law on higher education which confirms the existence of religious education courses. Secondly, innovations made in the learning of information technology-based Islamic education are; 1) Instructed using online journals or internet media as a source of searching for assignments, 2) Tasks made in the form of videos, 3) Division of tasks and Collection of tasks via e-mail and WhatsApp. In conclusion, the Religious Education Course is a national compulsory subject with the achievement of learning the formation of a whole student personality (kaffah), educational innovation carried out at Unihaz which is dominant is the Devolopment (Development) renewal which usually must undergo a development, and cannot be entered into large-scale dimension, Innovation is done to be able to solve educational problems. Conclusion, the use of information technology in PAI learning innovation at PTU must be developed and placed as a source of teaching materials, learning references, and information sources. Keywords: Learning Innovation, Information Technology, Islamic Religious Education (PAI)  

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