scholarly journals Exploring agroforestry systems and practices in the Terai and hill regions of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
S. Ulak ◽  
B. Lama ◽  
D. K. Pradhan ◽  
S. Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Traditional Agroforestry ◽  
Agroforestry Practices ◽  
Local Farmers

This paper explores the status of agroforestry systems and practices in the Terai and hill regions of Nepal.  Field survey, semi-structured interview and focus group discussions with the local farmers and stakeholders were conducted to explore the status of the agroforestry system and practices. The study covers forty-three districts, and represents agroforestry systems and practices in the Terai and hill regions of Nepal. Altogether, twelve agroforestry systems and forty-three agroforestry practices were documented in the Terai and hills of Nepal- ten systems in the Terai and seven systems in the hills. Agrisilviculture, agrisilvihorticulture, agrosilvopastoral, agrohortosilvopastoral, homegarden, hortiagriculture, silvofishery, agrosilvifishery, hortisilviculture and apiculture were the major agroforestry systems adopted in the Terai whereas those adopted in the hills included hortiagriculture, agrisilviculture, agrisilvihorticulture, agrosilvopastoral, homegarden, hortosilvipastoral and silvopastoral. The study revealed a gradual emerging scenario of commercial agroforestry systems in these regions although the continuation of traditional agroforestry systems was observed in most of the Terai and hill regions. Insufficient labour availability, fragmentation of land, market price fluctuation, lack of technical knowledge, and wild animal disturbances were some of the major challenges observed in the Terai and hills of Nepal.

scholarly journals The Agroforestry Heritage System of Sabana De Morro in El Salvador

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Antonio Santoro ◽  
Ever Alexis Martinez Aguilar ◽  
Martina Venturi ◽  
Francesco Piras ◽  
Federica Corrieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Traditional Agroforestry ◽  
Dynamic Conservation ◽  
Local Farmers

Traditional agroforestry systems are recognized as having great importance for providing multiple benefits for local communities all over the world, especially in tropical countries. Thanks to their multifunctional role, they can support small farmers, contribute to hydrogeological risk reduction, water regulation, preservation of soil, agrobiodiversity and landscape, as well as being examples of mitigation and adaptation towards climate change. The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) programme of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) aims to identify agricultural systems of global importance, preserving landscape, agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge, through dynamic conservation principles. The Sabana de Morro is a traditional agroforestry system located in El Salvador based on cattle grazing in pastures with the presence of Crescentia alata and Crescentia cujete trees, locally called Morro or Jícaro. We documented the main characteristics of this system, that has never been deeply studied, in the Municipality of Dolores, in accordance with the five GIAHS criteria, and through detailed land use mapping, to assess the relations between landscape structure, agrobiodiversity and traditional silvopastoral practices. Sabana de Morro proved to be based on strong interactions between trees, cattle and farmers. The pulp of the Morro fruits is eaten by grazing cattle, completing their feeding and giving a peculiar taste to the locally produced cheese. Morro trees provide shade for the animals while cattle contribute by spreading their seeds that also take advantage of the manure. Results show that this agroforestry system contributes to the preservation of a rich agrobiodiversity and of the traditional landscape. At the same time, it supports local farmers’ livelihood and is consistent with the aim of the GIAHS programme, even if further surveys and research are needed to assess the real possibility of the inclusion in this FAO programme.

scholarly journals Agroforestry systems practiced in Dhamtari district of Chhattisgarh, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Toppo ◽  
Abhishek Raj ◽  
M. K. Jhariya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Agroforestry Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Agroforestry ◽  
Market Requirement ◽  
Agroforestry Practices

Chhattisgarh state has very diverse forest ecosystem and long history of traditional agroforestry. An agroforestry practice is location specific and depends on nature of agro-climatic zone. In Chhattisgarh, farmers are doing this farming practices based on fulfilling their diverse need and improvement of socioeconomic condition but stilldata is insufficient to explore more agroforestry practices in the state. In this context, assessment of different agroforestry models gives not only sufficient data but also open a door for conservation of biological diversity.. Different models like’s Boundary plantations, Agri-silviculture system, Horti-silvicuture, Silvi-pasture, Kitchen garden and Block plantation are used by farmers in Dhamtari. All models are dependent on location characteristic, land use type, soil type, climate and market requirement. This paper highlights the different models of Agroforestry, specific model for the specific sites, lacuna in models faced by farmers and role of agroforestry models in socioeconomic upliftment.

scholarly journals Local Knowledge and Perspectives of Change in Homegardens: A Photovoice Study in Kandy District, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6866
Author(s):  
Rachel deHaan ◽  
Helen Hambly Odame ◽  
Naresh Thevathasan ◽  
Sarath P. Nissanka
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Traditional Agroforestry ◽  
Local Farmers

Kandyan homegardens are traditional agroforestry systems that exist to support rural livelihoods in Kandy District, Sri Lanka. These agro-ecosystems have been sustained over generations of socio-ecological change and are recognized today for their biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. The main drivers of adaption and the sustainability of homegardens are the local farmers who manage them on a daily basis. However, despite being key stakeholders, local communities have seldom been included in research, especially through participatory approaches. This study utilized a participatory and visual method called photovoice to reveal the local perspectives and experiences of socio-ecological change as viewed by 24 Kandyan homegardeners. The results highlight visual documentation and narrative that publicly displayed farmers’ perspectives of their current homegardening situation and the major challenges they face. The priorities for future conservation of homegardens include addressing wildlife conflict and crop damage, the lack of land to grow, and a decline in available labor and interest in agriculture, especially among younger household members. Our results indicate that the photovoice process allowed for rich, varied, and in-depth stories of the human-ecological relationship in homegardens to emerge. Consideration of these relationships and the knowledge of local communities are necessary for understanding socio-ecological change in homegardens, and key to sustainable development. Photovoice, we conclude, is a robust method for research in agroforestry systems that can effectively engage local farmers and produce participant-driven data that are potentially well suited to complement other methods for a more holistic approach to understanding homegardens.

scholarly journals Floristic evolution in an agroforestry system cultivation in Southern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 973-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS C.R. SILVA ◽  
SEBASTIÃO A. MACHADO ◽  
FRANKLIN GALVÃO ◽  
AFONSO FIGUEIREDO FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
First Year ◽  
Traditional Agroforestry ◽  
Floristic Evolution ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella Bentham) is an important pioneer tree species in Ombrophylous Mixed Forest of Brazil and is widely used as an energy source. In traditional agroforestry systems, regeneration is induced by fire, then pure and dense stands known as bracatinga stands (bracatingais) are formed. In the first year, annual crops are intercalated with the seedlings. At that time the seedlings are thinned, then the stands remain at a fallow period and cut at seven years old. The species is very important mainly for small landowners. We studied the understory species that occur naturally during the succession over several years in order to manage them rationally in the future and maintain the natural vegetation over time. Three to 20 year-old Bracatinga stands were sampled between 1998 and 2011. All tree species with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were measured.The floristic evolution was assessed with respect to Sociability Index, the Shannon Diversity Index and the Pielou Evenness Index. Graphs of rank/abundance over different age groups were evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. We identified 153 species dispersed throughout the understory and tend to become aggregated over time.

scholarly journals Agroforestry Practices for Climate Change Adaptation and its Contribution to Farmers’ Income

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Raju Prasad Bhandari ◽  
Rajeev Joshi ◽  
Deepa Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Agroforestry Practices

Agroforestry practices offer a unique opportunity to address climate change impacts while securing the livelihoods of the rural communities. This study was carried out in Tillotama municipality of Rupandehi district, Nepal. Agroforestry system practices at the study site were identified through reconnaissance survey and discussions with ward officials. With 10% sampling intensity, purposive sampling was adopted for the study using the structured questionnaire, key informant interview, and field observation. For mean comparison, one-way ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) as post-hoc tests were carried out. Local communities were adopting eight different types of agroforestry practices under four agroforestry systems, namely agri-silvicultural, silvo-pastoral, agro-silvopastoral and silvi-fishery. The agroforestry system shared up to 50.54% of total households’ income, in which income from agriculture was the highest. Agroforestry income was dependent on the economic status of the households. Change in cropping calendar was found as a major adaptation strategy. Scaling up of agroforestry system and commercialization of agroforestry products were recommended.

Negative human-wildlife interactions in traditional agroforestry systems in Assam, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 16230-16238
Author(s):  
Yashmita-Ulman ◽  
Manoj Singh ◽  
Awadhesh Kumar ◽  
Madhubala Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
The People ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Traditional Agroforestry

Traditional agroforestry systems are designed to provide maximum and diverse yield (ranging from agricultural crops, forest trees, livestock and fish) to people.  They also act as sources of food and shelter to wild animals leading to crop destruction, livestock depredation and injuries to people giving rise to negative human-wildlife interactions.  The present study was carried out in three different agroforestry systems namely tea gardens, homegardens, and agrisilvicultural systems in Assam to document the attitude of people towards wild animals which damage the crops and livestock, through questionnaire surveys.  In agroforestry systems, 13 animals were reported as destructive; rodents at 13% followed by Indian Hare at 12%.  The least destructive were birds and bats with 4% each.  In tea gardens majority of the people killed animals for meat (95%) and the most common method for killing was the use of catapults (77%).  In homegardens and agrisilvicultural systems, owners chased the animals away (82%) by using catapults (68%).  Hunting of animals and intolerance of people towards crop destruction and livestock depredation done by wild animals were the two main reasons causing negative human-wildlife interactions in agroforestry systems.  The present study concludes that wildlife species found in the agroforestry system in Assam were threatened by local inhabitants and thus, a suitable conservation awareness and policy action plan should be developed in consultation with the owners of agroforestry systems by considering the ecological significance of the wildlife species found therein.

scholarly journals Parcelized Cut-and-Carry Agroforestry Systems for Confined Livestock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Seruni ◽  
F. X. Aguilar ◽  
Z. Cai ◽  
M. A. Gold ◽  
J. M. Roshetko
Keyword(s):  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Capital Asset ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Agroforestry Practices

Abstract We characterize a parcelized land management system that does not meet traditional co-located agroforestry practices in the tropics. A cut-and-carry agroforestry system for confined livestock emphasizes land utilization as a source of fodder, cutting and carrying feed from parcels to paddocks near a farmer’s home. It reduces feed cost by utilizing parcels under private, shared, and/or public ownership. Within cut-and-carry systems, we distinguish between those where parcels are managed as monocrops and traditional co-located agroforestry practices. Primary data for our case study were collected by surveying heads of household in Central Java, Indonesia, and analyzed following a capitals-based rural livelihoods framework. A sample of 122 farmers who managed parcels under co-located agroforestry practices was compared against 50 farmers who implemented parcelized monocropping. Overall, the adoption of cut-and-carry systems supports financial resiliency by limiting cash expenditures, facilitating income diversification, and producing assets that meet planned market opportunities and unforeseen cash needs. Survey results show that farmers who engage in parcelized agroforestry have more farming experience, higher farming income, are located at higher elevations, and live farther from the nearest local market. On-farm income among agroforestry cut-and-carry farmers was on average 11.1% higher than those using a cut-and-carry system but only adopting monocrop practices. Land as a biophysical capital asset under full private-ownership and at higher altitudes, and longer farming experience as a human capital asset, increased the likelihood of adopting parcelized co-located agroforestry practices. Membership in cash-crop cooperatives as a form of social capital asset was associated with a higher likelihood of managing land as parcelized monocrops.

scholarly journals Penerapan Ragam Pola Agroforestri Terhadap Pendapatan dan Cadangan Karbon di Kawasan Hutan Sesaot Lombok Barat

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
Markum Markum ◽  
Andy C Ichsan ◽  
Maiser Saputra ◽  
M Rifky Tirta Mudhofir
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Social Forestry ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Agroforestry Practices

The Sesaot forest area has been managed by the community through the Social Forestry scheme with an agroforestry system. The objectives of the study were to identify the diversity of agroforestry patterns, analyze incomes on various agroforestry patterns, analyze the amount of carbon stock and analyze the most optimal agroforestry patterns. The method used is descriptive through a series of observations, interviews and Focus Group Discussions, to 42 respondents and measurement of carbon stocks in 18 farmer locations. Analysis of agroforestry patterns was carried out by making clusters based on plant dominance, analyzing the amount of carbon using allometric equations and analyzing the optimal value of agroforestry patterns using scoring. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: there are four agroforestry patterns in the Sesaot Forest Area, namely, candlenut dominant agroforestry, mahogany dominant agroforestry, mixed agroforestry and simple agroforestry. The largest income was obtained in the mixed agroforestry pattern and the smallest was in the mahogany dominant. Meanwhile, the largest amount of carb on stock was found in the mahogany dominant and the smallest was in the simple agroforestry. The results of the scoring analysis show that mixed agroforestry practices are in the most optimal category compared to other agroforestry patterns.

ВІД ЮНОСТІ ДО МОЛОДОСТІ: МОЖЛИВОСТІ ЕПІГЕНЕТИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ В СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНОМУ АНАЛІЗІ

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Олена Злобіна
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
The Status ◽  
Empirical Material

Статтю    присвячено    аналізу    можливостей    застосування    міждисциплінарного    підходу    в  дослідженнях трансформацій конструкту ідентичності. Виокремлено обмеженості дослідження стадій  циплінарних  підходах.  Запропоновано  застосувати  стадійний  підхід  в  аналізі  вікової  групи  «молодь»  з  метою верифікації положення про її диференціацію на різні вікові підгрупи, які відрізняються статусами  ідентичності. Теоретичним підґрунтям дослідження є теорія психогенетичного розвитку особистості Е.  Еріксона та статусна динамічна модель розвитку ідентичності Дж. Марсіа. Емпіричну основу склали  матеріали аналізу 14 фокус-групових дискусій, проведених у молодіжних аудиторіях: 7 груп з молоддю у віці  18-21  рік  і  7  з  молоддю  у  віці  26-30  років.  Підтверджено  внутрішню  диференціацію    вікової  стадії  «молодість». Показано, що динаміка психогенезу на цій стадії характеризується домінуванням дифузного  статусу у молодшої групи та статусу досягненості у старшої.  Інші статуси зустрічаються значно  рідше.   Наявний   емпіричний   матеріал   не   дає   можливості   простежити   чинники,   які   зумовлюють  зафіксовані відмінності, проте отримані в ході дослідження типові портрети зазначених груп  дозволяють   розвинути міждисциплінарний підхід до проблеми персоногенезу та застосувати його можливості для  вироблення стратегії дослідження «процесу переходу» від стадії до стадії The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibilities of using the interdisciplinary approach in studies of transformations of the construct of identity. The limitations of studies of stages of development in monodisciplinary approaches are singled out. It is suggested to apply the step-by-step approach in the analysis of the age group "youth" in order to verify the position on its differentiation into different age subgroups that differ in identity statuses. The theoretical basis of the study is the theory of psychogenetic development of the personality of E. Erickson and the status dynamic model of identity development of J. Marcia. Empirical basis was made by the analysis materials 14 focus group discussions held in youth audiences: 7 groups with youth aged 18-21 and 7 with young people aged 26-30. The internal differentiation of the age stage "youth" has been confirmed. It is shown that the dynamics of psychogenesis at this stage is characterized by the dominance of diffuse status in the younger group and the status of attainment in the older group. Other statuses are much less common. The existing empirical material does not provide an opportunity to trace the factors that cause the observed differences, but the typical portraits of these groups obtained in the course of the research allow developing an interdisciplinary approach to the problem of personogenesis and applying its possibilities for developing a strategy for studying the "transition process" from stage to stage.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF ROSE WOOD, GUAVA, EUCALYPTUS, SACRED FIG AND JAMAN LEAF LITTER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT ( Triticum aestivum L.) IN A WHEAT-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. IQBAL ◽  
H.A. RAUF ◽  
A.N. SHAH ◽  
B. SHAHZAD ◽  
M.A Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

ABSTRACT Selection of tree species under agroforestry systems is crucial to sustain the productivity of a crop. In present study, allelopathic effects of the leaf litters of 5 trees named Rose wood (Dalbergia sissoo), Guava (Pisidium guajava), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Sacred fig (Ficus religiosa) and Jaman (Syzygium cumini) species on wheat growth and yield was examined. Leaf litter of each tress species was mixed in soil with two doses @ 100 and 200 g of leaves of each species per pot. Higher shoot length, shoot dry weight, number of spikelets per spike and biological yield were recorded in 200 g sun dried Jaman (Syzygium cumini) leaves. Total number of tillers per plant and number of ears per plant were higher under the application of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves (200 g sun dried) as compared to other treatments. Spike length, grain yield per pot, number of grains per pot and harvest index were maximum in 200 g sun-dried Sacred fig (Ficu sreligiosa) leaves. Majority of the parameters were promoted at lower doses of leaves per pot, however, at higher doses they started inhibiting the growth and grain yield of wheat.

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