scholarly journals Reciprocity between agricultural management and productivity in Nawalparasi district

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Bhola Nath Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Key Informant Interview

 Farm management is the making, organizing and operating a farm through the appropriate and timely inputs for maximum production and profit. This paper seeks to explore farm land management practices in-terms of input use in three different sites: Jahada, Palhi and Ramnagar of Nawalparasi district. The paper is based on collected primary data through household questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Interview (KII) and field observation methods. Secondary sources of data through topographic and cadastral maps have also been used in this study. Use of different types of labour force, increasing the input use of manure, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, use of modern machineries, development of irrigation facilities, land intensification and crop diversification are the major strategies for agricultural development adopted by local peoples in the study sites.

scholarly journals Conflict betwen Bankariya and other Stakeholders for the use of Forest Product

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Gautam ◽  
Ram Bahadur Karki
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Key Informant Interview ◽  
Forest User

Socio-culturally and economically every rural community of Nepal are associated with forest for their livelihood and identity but simultaneously governmental policy for the protection of forest is not in the favor of people, which has been creating conflict between people and other stakeholder including governmental organization. This research tries to know the causes and consequences of conflict between Bankariya and other stakeholders. This research was carried out between the period May to December 2013. According to nature of the problem descriptive research design has been applied. Handikhola VDC of Makwanpur district has been selected as an universe purposively. Both primary and secondary sources of data were applied in this study. Case study, key informant interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) methods were applied for primary data collection. The findings shows that the living condition of Bankariya has changed after the government has provided them 6 hectors land for 40 years at Mushedhap. Still date forest based products are extremely beneficial for the enhancement of their livelihoods. The major problems faced by Bankariya community regarding to use of forest based resources are; not having their own permanent land for settlement and agriculture purpose, provision of present rules and regulation, and attitude of other elite persons/groups for dominating them. Forest resource based conflicts of Bankariya is mainly related with local people and other forest user group committee members as compared to Parsa Wild Life Reserve and District Forest Office of Makawanpur. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i3.11080 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(3) 2014: 210-221

scholarly journals Assessment of Pig Production and Constraints in Mecha District, Amhara Region, Northwestern Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshambel Mekuriaw ◽  
Bimrew Asmare
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Market Linkage ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Pig Management ◽  
Study Sites

The study was undertaken in Mecha District, Amhara National Regional State, Northwestern Ethiopia, in 2012/2013. The objectives of the study were to assess production purpose and management practices of pig and to identify constraints and generate baseline information for further research and development. From the district, 6 Kebeles (name of local administration in Ethiopia) were identified and from each Kebele 15 households were selected making the number of respondents 90. A pretested semistructured questionnaire was employed for collecting data through interview and face to face discussion with the pig owners including key informant group discussion and secondary sources. Multivisits to study sites were also made to observe the feeding, housing, and other pig management practices. The results indicated that the purpose of pig production is mainly targeted for additional income and profit for the household in which pigs are sold for external markets as pork is not consumed by local community. Results indicate that pig keepers were farmers or nonfarmers with small land holding and people engaged in other types of work. The major feed source for pig was grazing, followed by crop residue feeding and supplementing with household and agricultural by-products. Pigs are kept in house at least for the night, though the pig house was not separated by age or physiological stage. The most important constraints of pig production in the study area were feed shortage, poor access to veterinary services, and poor market linkage.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Consequences of Agricultural Land Use Change in Tarai of Nawalparasi District

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Bhola Nath Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Observation Methods

Changes in agricultural land use have a profound impact on the personal, family and social lives of people living in rural as well as semi-urban communities. The main objective of this paper is to explore socio-economic consequences of agricultural land use change during 2005/06 to 2015/16 in Nawalparasi District. This paper is based on collected primary data through household questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Interview (KII) and field observation methods. Secondary sources of data through published and unpublished government documents, topographic and cadastral maps, and satellite images have been used in this study. Loss of cropping land and decreasing productivity, land fragmentation and increasing cost of inputs, changes in food security, increasing the land value, housing and rental cost, change in occupation, sources of income and expenditure and implementation of intensification and diversification strategies are the major consequences found in the study sites.

scholarly journals Hierarchical to Gender Egalitarianism: Women Empowerment and Emancipation through Micro Finance in Rural Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Prakash Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Gender Egalitarianism ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Gender Empowerment ◽  
Gender Theories

The major objective of this paper is to identify the efficacy of Micro Finance in women empowerment and to explore the ramifications of awareness and socioeconomic alterations owing to Micro Finance program. Both quantitative and qualitative data from primary and secondary sources were used in the study. The instruments of primary data collection were questionnaire, observation, interview and focus group discussion. Pedestal on gender theories examining status and power differences related to gender empowerment, role of caste, ethnicity, culture and, to some extent, class status in shaping individuals and problems, this study deduced that gender empowerment is a transformation of gender relations from hierarchal to egalitarian plan rather than just women’s power position and this has been doable through Micro Finance which has proved to be the financial self sustainable paradigm. Microfinance program has supported to women’s income generating and livelihood activities and helped in poverty reduction owing to which rural women’s life style and way of living is altering. Gender empowerment through Micro Finance incorporates emancipation and empowerment of women without creating a misgiving of emasculation of men. Emancipation of women is procuring economic, social and political rights and equality meant for fostering a balance in gender relations as against the one-sided women empowerment approach.Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. 9, No. 1, 2015 pp. 48-62

scholarly journals Farmers' use of Improved Aquaculture Managment Practices in Western Zone of Lagos State Agricultural Development Programme (ADP), Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-257
Author(s):  
O. J. Olaoye ◽  
O. Oyekunle ◽  
I. A. Akintayo ◽  
G. Ahhibi ◽  
I. Abdulraheem
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Western Zone

Improved Aquaculture Management Practices (LAMP) always lead to increase productivity, generate greater income, reduce poverty and improve livelihood. This study assessed the extent of the use of IAMP by fish farmers in the Western Zone of Lagos state ADP, Nigeria to describe level of usage of IAMP and examine the constraints faced by fish farmers in the use of IAMP The primary data were collected with the aid of structured interview guide, administered through personal interviews and observations to elicit information from 100 fish farmers using simple random sampling and purposive technique. Descriptive statistics was used to analysis the socio-economic characteristics, while budgetary analysis was used to determine the profitability and multiple regression analysis. Findings show that the mean age of the respondents was 42.6 years, 71.0% were male, 90.0% married, 63.0% secondary occupation and 84.81% were aware of IAMP On a daily basis, 87.0% of the respondents were involved in record keeping, 82.0% carried out general observation in the farm and used concrete tanks while site selection, tank construction, pond liming and use of drugs were done occasionally. Constraints faced by the respondents were high cost of inputs (88.0%), flooding (79.0%),. predators (71.0%), mortality (61.0%), pollution (61.0%), inadequate technical know-how (61.0%) and disease outbreak (58.0%). Respondents' household size (r = -0.202, p<0.05) and marital status (χ2= 61.082, P<005) were significantly associated with factors affecting the use of IAMP. There were significant differences between IAMP used and revenue generated (t =4.641.,p<0.05). In conclusion, adoption of IAMP leads to increase aquaculture productivity and changes of social status. Government should provide assistance in loan at low interest, appropriate land, grants, fish farm input at subsidized rate adequate marketing information and networking among fish farmers.

scholarly journals Assessment of husbandry practice and egg production performance of indigenous chickens in urban and peri urban area of Guder town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Chala Duguma
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Random Survey

The study was undertaken from May up to July 2020 in Guder town of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to explore husbandry practices and egg production performance of indigenous chicken in the study area. A cross-sectional systematic random survey of 40 households was undertaken by using semi-structured and pre tested questionnaire. Information on management practices, production systems, egg production performances and constraints of indigenous chicken kept in Guder town was generated by semi-structured questionnaire. The primary data collected from house hold survey was processed and analyzed by using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, ranking, standard deviation, and cross tabulation were used to analyze the data quantitatively. Data gathered through key informant interviews, focus group discussion and personal observation was analyzed qualitatively to strengthen data obtained from the household survey. Due to its small space and lower capital requirement sample household’s ranked chicken as the first important animals kept in the study area. The main purposes of keeping indigenous chicken in the study area were for home consumption followed by generation of income. The most important feed resources of indigenous chicken kept in the study area were feed obtained from scavenging, house hold wastes, the market left over, and industrial by products. Majority of the households accommodated their indigenous chicken in a separate house constructed for the confinement of the chicken. The higher mortality rate of indigenous chicken in the study area was caused by disease and predator. The most commonly happening and economically important disease in the study area was Newcastle. The commonly observed predators in the study area were cat and dog. Health and feed problems were the first and the second constraint of indigenous chicken production in the study area respectively. Therefore area based development involvement could help to increase the productivity of indigenous chicken and thereby improve the income of small holders.

scholarly journals The Nature and Extent of Inter-Clan Conflicts in Mumias East Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 5455-5471
Author(s):  
Samson Busalire ◽  
Professor Crispinous Iteyo ◽  
Dr. Ruth Simiyu
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intergroup Contact Theory ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
County Commissioners ◽  
Strategic Coordination ◽  
Strongly Agree

Inter-clan conflicts are widely spread in the world Africa leading in such cases. Conflict management and peace building in Kenya continues to face challenges in the current national and regional environments. Clans in Mumias East Sub-County have been in conflict from time immemorial. Strategic coordination amongst key actors has been seemingly lacking in conflict management and peace building. The general objective of the study was to examine inter-clan conflicts influence on socio-economic development in Mumias East Sub-County, Kenya. The Objective of this study was to examine the nature and extent of inter-clan conflicts in Mumias East Sub-County, Kenya. Theories employed were; Intergroup Contact theory and linear stages of growth theory. The study employed descriptive, Evaluation, Historical, Ranking and cross sectional research designs. The study population comprised Assistant-Chiefs, Clan Chairpersons, MCAs, Ward Administrators, CBOs, Religious Leaders, deputy County commissioners, Assistant County Commissioners, Sub-County Administrator, Police, Probation Officer, Village Elders, Chiefs and Households Heads totaling to 475 respondents. Primary Data collection was done using Questionnaires, Interviews schedules, Observations checklists, and focus Group Discussion (FGD) guides. Secondary sources included relevant documents and reports. Qualitative data was   analyzed using thematic narratives. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft excel to obtain measures of central tendency, Ranking was done and Charts were used to present data.  Results indicate that majority of the respondents 47% agreed that conflicts occur very often in Mumias East Sub-County. The study sought to establish the extent of inter-clan conflicts in relation to gender, age, occupation, Marital status level of education,  per location and in shopping centres. The types of conflicts addressed are; leadership wrangles, land ownership, land boundaries, political competion and resource distribution. The study established that (48.7%) strongly agree that inter-clan conflicts disrupt learning in Mumias East Sub-County. For the effects on property, (49.9%) strongly agreed that residents of Mumias East lost property during conflicts. Majority of the respondents (78%) agree that a number of development projects in the study area stalled due to inter-clan conflicts.

scholarly journals Diversification of Livelihood Strategies in Melamchi Valley, Sindhupalchok District, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Madhu Krishna Neupane ◽  
Dhyanendra Bahadur Rai
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Information Collection ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Community People ◽  
Market Center ◽  
Key Informant Interview

 Livelihood strategy varies from place to place. People living in certain place have a diverse strategy over time. This study attempts to analyze the sources of livelihood, livelihood strategies of different communities and their adaptive strategies in Melamchi Valley. The livelihood patterns and the strategies have been dealt on the basis of community. This study is based on primary data that are collected using household questionnaire, focus group discussion and key informant interview. A set of standardized questionnaire, observation sheet, and checklist were used for information collection. The finding of the study portrays that paddy is the major crop cultivated by Brahmin/Kshetri communities whereas millet and maize are the principal crops cultivated by Tamang community. People of this area are attracted towards cash generating activities than the subsistence agriculture farming in the present days. The people of market center are motivated towards trade and business whereas the people of remote area have dependence on remittance. The trend of foreign migration for earning livelihood is high among the rural settlements. Similarly, earning from wage labor in the informal sectors has become important source of livelihood in Melamchi Valley.The Geographical Journal of NepalVol. 11: 113-126, 2018

scholarly journals KAJIAN EFISIENSI ALOKASI PENGGUNAAN INPUT PADA USAHA TERNAK AYAM RAS PETELUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Kustiawati Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Input Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Variable Production ◽  
Douglas Production Function

The research wasconducted inJune-July 2013 at  Bettet Village Pamekasan City  Subdistrict  Pamekasan  Regency.  The  research  objectivewas  to  determine  the allocation  efficiency  of    input  use  on  breeding  laying  hens.  Secondary  and  primary data  were  obtained  through  interview   and  observation methods.  Descriptive  analysis with  applying  the  Cobb-Douglas  production  function  and  testing  Efficiency  Value Price  for  Input  Use  (Factor)  is  used  to  analyze  the  data.  Results  showed  that  the model  of  Cobb  Douglas  production  function  breeding  laying  hens  at  Bettet  Village Pamekasan City Subdistrict Pamekasan Regenc yis quite good. This can be seen in the value ofR2=0.9585,  meaning that  the independent variable(X1  s/dX6)  in the modelis able to  explain the relationship  with the  dependent  variable  (production) of  95.85%,while  the  remaining  4.15%  is  explained  by  other  variables  not  in  the  study.  In addition,  the results  of the  Cobb  Douglas  production function  model  breeding  laying hens at  Bettet Village have  calculated F value  =  527.485  &gt;  F  table  =  2.599  with =0.05  and  degrees  of  freedom  df(6,20),  meaning  that  the  independent  variables(X1 s/dX6)  together  in  a  model  that  explains  the  relationship  of  the  dependent  variable (production)  significantly.  Assessment  results  for  the  efficiency  of  use  of  each  input prices  (factor)  indicates  that  the allocation of the  inputs  on  breeding  laying hens  at Bettet  Village  Pamekasan  City  Subdistrict  Pamekasan  Regency  still  not  efficient.  It can  be  seen  from  the  t  value  of  each  input  is  greater  thanttable  with  α=0.05and19 degrees of freedom (df =19).

scholarly journals Solid Waste Management Practices and Raising Environmental Concerns: A Case Study of Gangtok Municipal Corporation Areas, Sikkim

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khangembam Indira
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
The People ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Waste Management Practices

Municipal solid waste is a growing concern in the urban localities across the nations. In recent years, urban local bodies have shown considerable importance to address the issue of solid waste management. The paper attempts to understand the role of Gangtok Municipal Corporation (GMC) in collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste, the nature of its collaboration with Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), people’s participation in handling waste and its consequent effect on the environment. The study was carried out by using qualitative research design, employing interviews, focus group discussion and in-depth observation methods with all the important stakeholders such as GMC officials, workers, NGOs, and households. The study finds that the primary focus of the corporation remains on collecting and transporting largely unsegregated mixed waste from the main roads, markets, and other visible places. Although the corporation is working in partnership with the NGOs, it is struggling to implement the SWM rules and failed to collect the user fees efficiently. Findings suggest that even though majority of the people are aware of the ills of burning and dumping garbage, yet people’s participation in SWM related activities is still limited.

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