scholarly journals Food and Nutritional Security Status: Assessment among Landless People in Chitwan, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Dikshit Poudel ◽  
Suryamani Dhungana ◽  
Kalyani Mishra Tripathi ◽  
Krishna Kaphle ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

Food insecurity, sadly still remains a concern with Nepal. The remote settlement of communities, harsh terrains, inequity in income generation have left millions of Nepalese experiencing some level of food insecurity mostly among marginalized population in both urban and rural settings. A pilot study was conducted within ninety households of four different locations with the purpose to assess various dimensions of food and nutritional security of the landless people living in undocumented land by purposive selection of Chitwan District of Nepal. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain primary data and secondary data was obtained from Bharatpur Municipality and Madi Agriculture Service Centre, Chitwan. Analysis revealed 57.77% household expressed themselves as food secured in terms of their production and source of income while 42.23% were food insecure. The most food insecure ethnic group was Janajatis (indigenous) (34.21%) followed by Dalits and Brahmins (15.78%).  Similarly, 79.99% (36.66% male, 43.33% female) respondents were under-nutrition and 20.01% (5.56% male and 14.45% female) were nutritionally secured from calculation using Harris-Benedict principle based on net calories they obtained from their daily meal. Females were more insecure in terms of population size, education, skill, nutrition and diseases followed by males. Of those interviewed, 57.77% households lack production activity and were also food insufficient. Main source of income was off-farm work (40%) followed by remittance (35.56%). Various natural calamities were also the reason behind being landless in case of some households and they reportedly migrated from elsewhere. Still, peoples are involved in foraging and traditional farming activities with low output. Addressing agricultural production, nutrition awareness, climate change monitoring, livelihoods strengthening and disaster preparedness to ensure access to food is urgent need even in urban areas like Chitwan. Dependence on food import, shying from production activities, traditional food sources has to be addressed for Nepal’s struggle against food insecurity. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(4): 351-358  

Discrimination Against People With HIV and AIDS in the Workplace

2022 ◽  
pp. 1255-1275
Author(s):  
Chinwe Rosabelle Nwanna
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Lagos State

The main thrust of the chapter was to explore the discrimination experienced by people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV) in the workplace in Lagos State. A purposive sample of 80 PLHIV was selected from two local government areas (LGAs) of Lagos state: Epe, a rural setting, and Lagos Mainland, an urban one. Secondary data were obtained from internet sources while primary data were collected through structured interviews September 2005–April 2006. Data were analyzed using SPSS versions 11 and 13. Data between and within the rural and urban areas were also analyzed comparatively. The results indicate that PLHIV experienced instant dismissal from offices, mandatory HIV tests, alienation, denial of promotion, and exclusion from insurance schemes. This indicates that PLHIV's rights were violated. The study recommends intensive HIV education and enforcement of national HIV policy and international legal instruments in the workplace to protect PLHIV's rights.

Governmental programmes associated with food insecurity among communities of descendants of enslaved blacks in Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Camilla Christine de Souza Cherol ◽  
Aline Alves Ferreira ◽  
Rosana Salles-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

Abstract Objective: To assess the access to government programmes and their association with food insecurity (FI) in families from quilombolas communities in Brazil. Design: An analysis of secondary data from the 2011 Quilombolas Census was performed in Brazilian territories. The Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale (Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar, EBIA) was used to assess the household FI status. The relationships of governmental programmes with the levels of FI were estimated using logistic regression models. Setting: Greater national survey census of food and nutritional security of the recognised Quilombolas Brazilian territories. Participants: Totally, 8743 quilombolas families. Results: The prevalence of household FI was 86·1 % (moderate/severe FI: 55·9 %, 95 % CI 54·8, 56·9). After adjustment for socio-demographic variables, access to rural development programmes (Food Acquisition Program: OR: 0·6, 95 % CI 0·4, 0·8, P-value < 0·01) and health programmes (Center for Family Health Support: OR: 0·5, 95 % CI 0·5, 0·7, P-value < 0·001) is inversely and significantly associated with moderate/severe FI. The Brazilian conditional cash transfer programme (Bolsa Família) was associated with quilombolas families with moderate/severe levels of FI (OR: 3·3, 95 % CI 2·8, 4·0, P-value < 0·001). Conclusions: The prevalence of FI was high among quilombolas families. Despite reduced participation in governmental programmes, rural development, agriculture and conditional cash transfer programmes are fundamental to the autonomy of quilombolas communities. In spite of the low participation, when families are able to access these programmes, the study revealed the importance of these initiatives in reducing the likelihood of severe levels of FI.

scholarly journals Present status, problems and prospect of fish farming at Gazipur Sadar upazila in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
M Das ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
T Akter ◽  
AQMR Kawser ◽  
MN Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Farming Community

The present study was conducted to reveal the present scenario, problems and the prospect of fish farming of Gazipur Sadar upazila Bangladesh. The primary data were collected through field survey, questionnaire interview and focus group discussion from the fish farmers of several villages and urban areas of the upazila. Secondary data were collected from the Department of Fisheries and aquaculture extension section. Gazipur Sadar upazila has 14462.42 ha potential fisheries resources of which floodplains, seasonal water bodies, and ponds comprise 71.01%, 13.04%, and 8.57%, respectively. The total fish production of the upazila in 2016-17 was 14492.7 MT, 27% of the Gazipur district. The highest fish production of 5436 MT and 4.39 MT/ha/year came from the pond sector. Among different pond culture systems, the semi-intensive system had the highest fish production output (2826 MT). Exotic carps were the highest produced fish in the ponds. However, in spite of comprising a huge proportion of seasonal floodplains the fish production from this sector was only 0.42 MT/ha/year in 2016-2017. This indicates the poor utilization of inland open water resources for fish production in the study area. The major areas were identified to improve the existing pond fish farming situation were access to low-interest loan, quality seed, supply of advanced technologies, need-based training, and marketing facilities. Along with improving the pond fish farming, community-based fisheries management and some aquaculture initiatives on private own seasonal floodplains should be taken on a priority basis to improve open water management and to flourish inland fish production in the study area.Progressive Agriculture 29 (1): 53-63, 2018

scholarly journals PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI DESA MAPANGET KECAMATAN TALAWAAN MINAHASA UTARA

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Miske Eva Ollo ◽  
Caroline B. D. Pakasi ◽  
Celcius ., Talumingan
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
District Office ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Preparation Stage

This study aims to determine the income of farmers from rice field farms in the Mapanget Village Talawaan Sub-district North Minahasa. This study lasted for 3 (three) months from the preparation stage, data retrieval and to the preparation of research. Research location in Mapanget Village, Talawaan Sub-district, North Minahasa. Primary data is obtained through a list of questions that have been prepared, while secondary data obtained from the district office and village office. Based on the research results, the income of paddy field farming managed by respondents in Mapanget village comes from harvest season 1 (one), harvest season 2 (two) and harvest season 3 (three). Wetland paddy farming in Mapanget Village is able to provide benefits and the farming continues to be cultivated even in urban areas.*er*.

scholarly journals The Impact of Land Conversion on Income and Food Security Status For Farmer Households in 5 Villages in Temon Sub-District, Kulon Progo District, 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Anisa Nurpita ◽  
Latri Wihastuti ◽  
Ike Yuli Andjani
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Impact

Preparation for the construction and development of  NYIA airport in Temon sub district, Kulon Progo district, D.I. Yogyakarta province has caused displacement of people for their land, including farmers. Farmers affected are located in five villages that include Jankaran, Palihan, Sindutan, Glagah and Kebon Rejo. The objective of this resrarch is to  analyze the impact of land conversion on farmer household incomes and food security status.  The research used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire.  Analysis of data was based on descriptive statistics and test of differences between paired samples. Results showed that land conversion has had a negative and significant influence on incomes of affected farmer households. The decline in household income of farmers in 5 villages in Temon sub district among other factors, is attributable to the reduction in farming land. Secondly, consequently, loss of farmer household income aggravated the vulnerability of the affected households to food insecurity.  The number of farmer households that experienced food insecurity increased from 87 percent of all farmer households prior to land conversion to 90 percent after land conversion. Conclusions formed the basis for several policy recommendations to mitigate and if possible overcome the problem.

scholarly journals Factors Driving Rice Land Change 1989–2018 in the Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Siagian ◽  
Shrestha ◽  
Shrestha ◽  
Kuwornu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Change ◽  
Factors Affecting

The Deli Serdang Regency produces amongst the highest amounts of rice in the province of North Sumatera in Indonesia. Due to land use change and stagnant productivity, the total rice land area and its production have gradually decreased over the years. Hence, understanding this issue is crucial, especially to ensure the sustainability of rice production in the future. The objectives of this study were to identify the trends in land use change (especially regarding rice land) and to investigate the factors affecting rice land change. We classified the satellite images acquired for the years 1989, 1994, 2003, 2009, and 2018 to determine the total area of various land uses. The factors driving rice land change were analyzed using biophysical and socio-economic factors identified from the collected primary and secondary data. The primary data were derived from field surveys, soil analysis, and household surveys, and the secondary data were derived from the Statistical Institution of the Deli Serdang Regency. Correlation analysis, principle component analysis, binary logistic regression, normalization, and weighted index were used to investigate the factors driving rice land change. The results show that forest and rice land have continuously decreased, while plantations and urban areas have continuously increased over this period. We found that the majority of rice land has been converted to plantation expansion and urban development, especially from 2009 to 2018. The factors most affecting rice land change were the distance of rice land to the district capital, the distance of rice land to the provincial capital, population density, slope, and the distance of farmers’ rice land to a road. A suitability map for rice land was generated. All the outputs could help with making appropriate strategic decisions to achieve sustainable land use management, especially for rice land.

scholarly journals Innovation of Business Model to Expand New Revenue Stream and Exploring Willingness to Pay in Café, Restaurant, and Business Sector to Waste Logistic Service in Urban Area: Study Case of NYAMPIH

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 350-359
Author(s):  
Karin Winda Lestari ◽  
Melia Famiola
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
New Business

The purpose of this study is to find out solutions and implementation of business model systems to get new customers when NYAMPIH starts to scale-up and market expansion to urban areas such as coffee shops, restaurants, and also other sector businesses in the city of Bandung. NYAMPIH is a smart application and educational platform that connects waste officers with their consumers. In this case, the transported waste has been categorized properly according to the facilities provided. After that, consumers can collect points given by officers when picking up their garbage and can be exchanged for prizes. Consumers only need to subscribe, so all organic and inorganic waste will not end up in the TPA/TPS, because we will process it back into a new value. NYAMPIH faces an obstacle, how to change one's habits to care about their own waste. This study will use a qualitative approach by conducting observations, observations, and also interviews with a total of 30 respondents who have the position of manager and also the location cleaning division according to the market segment appointed by the researcher. The primary data used is the history of NYAMPIH operations with financial data, and for secondary data from literature reviews, journals, and books. Previously, the NYAMPIH market segment was housewives who lived in housing, but there was still a lack of comprehensive implementation when viewed from NYAMPIH's income so far. Therefore, this research is devoted to analyzing new business models with sales scenarios for new market segments. The location observation is used to obtain location information and also the problems faced by the respondents directly. Interviews were conducted to obtain validation regarding the business model which will later become the new guidelines for NYAMPIH. The results of this study indicate that NYAMPIH must expand its market segment broadly and large according to the results of observations and interviews that when market expansion will be NYAMPIH will be more prepared and can also be implemented comprehensively through the results of business models with new revenue streams There is also to implement the location of the sector business that subscribes to NYAMPIH which will later become a zerowaste city area. After evaluation and scenario analysis, all divisional activities, including marketing, operations, finance, will be further improved for each activity that will be carried out in terms of developing NYAMPIH in the future.

scholarly journals Emerging trends of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture in Nepal Himalaya

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Tek Bahadur Gurung ◽  
Suresh Kumar Wagle ◽  
Agni Prasad Nepal ◽  
Gopal Prasad Lamsal
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

Recently, aquaculture technology of cold water Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been popular among farmers in hills and mountains of Nepal Himalaya.  Production of rainbow trout started in government and private farms in 1995 and 1998, respectively. At present the rainbow trout farming has expanded in several mountain districts with rapidly growing demand in others adjacent areas.  The total farmers have increased from none to 85 producing more than 180 metric ton from 16 districts by employing about 550 people in year 2012. The trout aquaculture technology could be expanded in areas having pristine, cold and clean water resources having road access for market destinations close to urban areas of all Trans Himalayan countries as a means to food and nutritional security, and employment opportunities in mountainous regions.

scholarly journals PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN PENDUDUK PERKOTAAN MELALUI PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Eva Banowati
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
The Poor

Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat model pengentasan kemiskinan penduduk perkotaan melalui pelatihan mengolah sampah menjadi material fungsional baru. Penelitian tindakan (action reserach) dilakukan di Kota Semarang. Populasi penelitian adalah penduduk miskin, pengambilan sampel digunakan metode snowball. Data sekunder dari berbagai institusi terkait dan data primer diungkap menggunakan angket, wawancara, dan observasi. Data dianalisis secara keruangan berdasarkan Peta Sebaran Penduduk Miskin dan digunakan Tabel Silang.Pelatihan menggunakan Model Deduktif dan Induktif secara on the job karena penduduk miskin perkotaan belum berpengalaman mengolah sampah menjadi kompos. Analisis usaha membuat kompos didapatkan nilai B/C sebesar 1,098 yang bermakna usaha efisien dan menguntungkan. Pengolahan 1 container truck sampah volume bruto 3-5 ton didapatkan produk kompos sebagai material fungsional baru (MFB) sebesar 0,3 ton per daur. Harga jual senilai Rp. 250.000,00 berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan pendapatan Rp. 35.000 per hari mampu mengentaskan penduduk miskin ke posisi tidak miskin. Implikasi model pelatihan merupakan tindakan solutif yang edukatif dan mudah dijalankan karena penduduk diberi bekal keterampilan hidup yang berpeluang mengentaskan kemiskinan di perkotaanThe purposes of this research to create a model of urban poverty population through waste treatment training to obtain new functional materials. This action research was conducted in Semarang. The research population was the poor residents, using snowball sampling technique. Secondary data was sourced from related institutions and the primary data was exposed by questionnaire, interview, and observation. The data was analyzed in spatial based on the Distribution Map of the Poor and used Crossing-Table. The training was using Deductive and Inductive Models are used on the job because the poor are inexperienced to process waste into compost. Analysis of effort to make compost obtained value of B/C of 1.098 which means efficient and profitable. One truck container 3-5 tons gross volume of product obtained new functional materials (NFM) of 0.3 tonnes worth selling. 250,000.00 affect the increase in revenue to Rp. 35,000 per day from the sale of compost is able to alleviate the poor to non-poor position. Implications of the model training is educational and solution-action easy to implement because residents was given the opportunity of life skills provision alleviate the poverty urban areas.

scholarly journals The livelihood adaptation of Khmer immigrants in Binh Tan district, Ho Chi MinhCity: a case study from Binh Tri Dong B and An Lac wards

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Trang Thi Thu Ngo ◽  
Thi Kim Ho ◽  
Thuy Thi Thu Chau ◽  
Long Hoang Dai Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Large City ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Positive Trend

Peri-urban areas are characterized by their landscapes of closely mixed rural and urban activities and also by the agglomeration of industrial clusters, going with high labor demand. Binh Tan district is a peri-urban area of Ho Chi Minh City, with a fast urbanization rate, mainly due to significant flows of rural migrants, especially coming from the Mekong Delta region. Data show that Khmer immigrants choose this district to improve their livelihood and incomes, with different livelihood diversification. Nevertheless, most of these livelihood activities belong to the informal employment sector. This paper aims to analyze their livelihood capacity of adaptation in the context of the fast changing peri-urban area of Binh Tan district. The results are based on mixed method of primary data and secondary data analysis. Secondary data was collected from two surveys, conducted in two wards (Binh Tri Dong B and An Lac), with 120 questionnaires and 10 in-depth interviews with multi-stakeholders. The results show that Khmer immigrants adapted gradually to urban life, but still have to face new challenges in the adaptation to new livelihoods. Indeed, Khmer immigrants come originally from rural regions, with livelihoods based on agricultural activities. They also combine specific cultural identities. These reasons lead to different disadvantages in their new livelihoods in a large city. As a result, whereas the structure of their employment and income change in a positive trend, the spiritual life changes in a negative trend. To illustrate this difference more clearly, this paper presents some Khmer immigrants’s portraits, who are working in different types of livelihood in both favorable and adverse aspects of the adaptation to a new life in periurban area.

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