scholarly journals Status of Soil Fertility in a Community Forest of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup KC ◽  
Govinda Bhandari ◽  
Subigya Prabhat Wagle ◽  
Yubraj Banjade
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
The Status ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Living Organisms

Soil is a complex mixture of mineral nutrients, organic matter, water, air and living organisms. The primary nutrients for plant growth are organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In order to find the status of pH, organic matter (C), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K) in forest soil, the study was conducted in Ghwangkhola Sapaude Babiyabhir Community Forest in Putali Bazaar Municipality-8, Syangja, Nepal. Soil parameters are analyzed through different standard methods followed worldwide by many soil scientists. Soil pH of sample in all three strata was slightly acidic and varies from 5.7 to 7.18. The carbon percentage was high and varies from 0.65% to 2.39%. The total nitrogen in soil was medium and varies from 0.09% to 0.12%. The concentration of available phosphorus in soil was high and varies from 73.71 kg/ha-93.23 kg/ha. The concentration of available potassium on soil was quiet low and varies from 2.54 kg/ha-4.23 kg/ha. Higher organic matter in the forest land indicate low activities of nitrogen losing process, which is due to the closed nutrient cycling and minimal disturbance in the natural forest system. So, addition of fertilizer rich in potassium and increasing pH is recommended to maintain potassium fertility and neutral pH in the forest soil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v1i1.8528 International Journal of Environment Vol.1(1) 2013: 56-67

scholarly journals Bottom Sediment Characteristics of a Tropical Lake: Lake Tana, Ethiopia

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Mebrahtom G. Kebedew ◽  
Seifu A. Tilahun ◽  
Fasikaw A. Zimale ◽  
Tammo S. Steenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Lake Tana ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water Hyacinths

Sediment concentration of rivers in developing countries has been increasing greatly over the last 50 years due to the conversion of forest to continuously cultivated land with the increasing population. Few studies have addressed its effect on sedimentation and water quality of the lakes by analyzing bottom sediment characteristics. In this study, the objective was to investigate the spatial distribution (and their interrelationships) of the bottom sediment characteristics in the largest lake in Ethiopia, Lake Tana where water hyacinths have been spreading rapidly during the last decade. Sediment samples were collected from the lake bottom at 60 locations and analyzed for texture, organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus. Bottom sediment samples had a median of 75% clay, 13% silt, and 9% sand. Clay was greatest in the northwestern part and smallest in the areas near the major rivers entering or exiting the lake. Clay percentage and lake depth were strongly correlated. The mean organic matter content of bottom sediment was 16 g kg−1, total nitrogen 0.8 g kg−1, and Olsen available phosphorus 19 mg kg−1. Phosphorus concentrations peaked where water hyacinths were found in the northeastern part of the lake. This study will serve as a baseline for future water quality and sedimentation changes in Lake Tana. In particular, it might aid in explaining the spread of the water hyacinths.

scholarly journals Effect of feather compost on soil chemical indicators in CCN-51 cocoa plantation (Theobroma cacao L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Nelino Florida-Rofner ◽  
José Dolores Levano-Crisóstomo ◽  
Santos Jacobo-Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
The Town ◽  
Cocoa Plantation

Introduction. Organic management of cocoa accounts for 60% of production in Peru and large amounts of compost prepared with different inputs are used, in order to improve the quality of the soil and cocoa yields. Objective. Evaluated the effect of the application of chicken feather compost on the main soil chemical indicators in a cocoa plantation CCN-51 un the Town of Nuevo Progreso, province of Padre Abad in the Ucayali-Peru region was evaluated. Materials and methods. A randomized complete block design was used, with four treatments and four repetitions where: FC1 was an absolute witness, FC2 feather compost at a rate of 2,000 kg. ha-1, FC3 feather compost at a rate of 4,000 kg. ha-1 and FC4 feather compost at a rate of 6 000 kg. ha-1. The main chemical indicators of soil quality were evaluated: hydrogen potential (pH), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) , aluminum (Al3+), available cadmium (Cd2+), changeable acids (AC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Results. The results showed a decrease in exchangeable aluminum and changeable acidity and increases in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, depending on the proportion of compost applied, these indicators presented significant differences (p <0.05); The pH, calcium and cadmium available did not show significant differences (p <0.05). Conclusion. Feather compost (FC) significantly improved the levels of OM, N, P and K+, indicators that define soil quality and reduce aluminum levels, the latter of utmost importance in acidic soils.

scholarly journals Alteration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry and their related enzymes as affected by increased soil coarseness

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruzhen Wang ◽  
Linyou Lü ◽  
Courtney A. Creamer ◽  
Heyong Liu ◽  
Xue Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Acid Phosphomonoesterase

Abstract. Soil coarseness decreases ecosystem productivity, ecosystem carbon and nitrogen stocks, and soil nutrient contents in sandy grasslands. To gain insight into changes in soil carbon and nitrogen pools, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities in response to soil coarseness, a field experiment of sand addition was conducted to coarsen soil with different intensities: 0 % sand addition, 10 %, 30 %, 50 %, and 70 %. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen decreased with the intensification of soil coarseness across three depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–40 cm) by up to 43.9 % and 53.7 %, respectively. At 0–10 cm, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) declined with soil coarseness by up to 44.1 % and 51.9 %, respectively, while microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) increased by as much as 73.9 %. Soil coarseness significantly decreased the activities of β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and acid phosphomonoesterase by 20.2 %–57.5 %, 24.5 %–53.0 %, and 22.2 %–88.7 %, respectively. Soil coarseness enhanced microbial C and N limitation relative to P, indicated by the ratios of β-glucosidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase to acid phosphomonoesterase (and MBC:MBP and MBN:MBP ratios). As compared to laboratory measurement, values of soil parameters from theoretical sand dilution was significantly lower for soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, available phosphorus, MBC, MBN, and MBP. Phosphorus immobilization in microbial biomass might aggravate plant P limitation in nutrient-poor grassland ecosystems as affected by soil coarseness. We conclude that microbial C:N:P and enzyme activities might be good indicators for nutrient limitation of microorganisms and plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Mid-Term Cropping System Adoption on Soil Chemical Properties at Changunarayan Municipality, Bhaktapur, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Saroj Koirala ◽  
Santosh Shrestha ◽  
Prashanta Raut ◽  
Bikram Pandey ◽  
Arbindra Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Wide Range

Soil chemical properties plays a crucial role in crop yield. In this study, we evaluated the chemical properties of soils under three different cropping systems practiced for more than five years in Changunarayan municipality of Bhaktapur district of Nepal. The cropping systems includes- (i) cultivation inside polyhouse (Treatment A: polyhouse), (ii) paddy-wheat rotation (Treatment B: P-W), and (iii) paddy-wheat-vegetable rotation (Treatment C: P-W-V). Thirty-nine composite samples (13 replicates from each site) were taken from the area based on variation in landforms. Soil pH, organic matter (%), total nitrogen (%), available phosphorus (mgkg-1), and available potassium (mgkg-1) were evaluated for each sample. The study revealed that the soil pH was acidic and ranges between 4.71 and 5.39, organic matter (1.6-2.39%), total nitrogen (0.091-0.13%), phosphorus (4.48-29.24mg kg-1) and potassium (88.04-109.52 mg kg-1). A significant lower mean pH (4.71), and higher mean organic matter (2.39%), total nitrogen (0.13%) and available phosphorus (29.24 mgkg-1) were observed in cultivation under polyhouse. Incorporation of vegetable in paddy-wheat system gave significant (p<0.05) higher accumulation of soil phosphorus and consistently raised other nutrient status. Moreover, cultivation under polyhouse raised C:N ratio (10.55) significantly than other system. This finding can be relevant to wide range of readers that focus on soil chemical properties and can be used in developing future research strategy and sustainable soil management system in the area.

FT-IR Spectroscopy of Organic Matter in Tropical Soils: Changes Induced through Deforestation

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Haberhauer ◽  
B. Feigl ◽  
M. H. Gerzabek ◽  
C. Cerri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Pasture Soil ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

This article describes a series of transmission Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy measurements of soil layers, especially organic soil layers, originating from a tropical forest and from a pasture, which was developed after deforestation of the tropical soil in 1987. Spectral information obtained from forest and pasture soil layers from central Rondônia, Brazil, was analyzed and compared. A variety of bands characteristic of molecular structures and functional groups have been identified for these complex samples. Cluster analysis revealed that such land use change affects the spectroscopic behavior of the organic soil layers. A significantly closer relationship between the pasture soil layers in comparison to the forest soil layers was obtained. This result indicates a higher homogeneity of the intoduced litter from pasture vegetation compared to forest. The application of regression models enabled the estimation of soil parameters, such as organic carbon and nitrogen; the identification and differentiation of organic forest soil horizons; and the determination of the decomposition status of soil organic matter in distinct layers. On the basis of the data presented in this study, it may be concluded that FT-IR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the investigation of decomposition dynamics and litter quality in tropical soils.

APPRAISAL OF SOIL PROPERTIES OF SOLANUM MELONGENA L. TO DIFFERENT GROWTH CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Anjana P. A ◽  
Radhakrishnan V .V. ◽  
Mohanan K. V.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Groundnut Cake

The response of brinjal plants to organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers under pot experiment investigated. This invivo experiment did in the Genetics and Plant Breeding Division of the Department of Botany, University of Calicut. Brinjal plants treated with three sources of organic fertilizers (vermicompost, groundnut cake and bonemeal), three sources of inorganic fertilizers (NPK 16:16:16, NPK 10:5:20 and urea) compared with control. The experimental design followed was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with twenty-ve replicates. Soil properties were analyzed by collecting the soil from nine representative samples from each treatment. The soil parameters such as the pH, electrical conductivity (mhos/cm), total organic carbon (%), total organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus (kg/ha), potassium (g/ha), manganese, sulphur, iron, zinc, copper and boron were analyzed. The results showed that the macro and micronutrient availability increased in organic fertilizer treatments. Vermicompost increased soil properties signicantly. The percentage of organic carbon increased in organic fertilizer treatments. The same result showed in the case of total organic matter. Groundnut cake treatment gave the highest organic matter (4.75). Total nitrogen was highest in bonemeal (0.95) and potassium was highest in vermicompost (330kg/ha). Phosphorous (48.33kg/ha) and sulphur (43.1mg kg-1) were recorded highest in bonemeal. The highest values of trace elements (25 mg kg-1for Fe in groundnut cake; 0.96mg kg-1Cu, 14mg kg-1 Mn, 5.1mg kg-1 Zn and 0.98 mg kg-1 B in vermicompost observed. Therefore, 38% of the increase in iron, 17.0% off copper,14.75% increase in manganese, 2.82% increase in zinc and 20.99% increase seen in boron.

Effects of shifting and continuous cultivation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) intercropped with maize (Zea mays) on a forest alfisol in south-western Nigeria

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Aweto ◽  
O. Obe ◽  
O. O. Ayanniyi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sodium Cation ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Forest Soil Organic Matter

SUMMARYSoils in farmlands near Ibadan, Nigeria, where shifting or continuous cultivation of cassava intercropped with maize is practised, were sampled in February 1990 and their characteristics compared with those of similar, uncultivated, forest soil. Organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium, cation exchange capacity and pH were lower in the cultivated soils. Continuous cultivation exerted a greater effect on soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus status then did shifting cultivation. It is suggested that inorganic and organic fertilizers and mulch should be applied to cultivated soil to conserve the soil nutrients. Fallows of 3–6 years following 1–3 years of cropping appeared incapable alone of adequately restoring soil fertility. They should, therefore, be supplemented with fertilizer applications.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Analysis of Rhizosphere Soil Fertility in Maize (Zea mays) at Milking Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 555-566
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Luan
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Tof Ms

In this study rhizosphere soil of cornat a milk stage was collected to investigate characteristic metabolites and their potential functions. Total nitrogen, organic matters, ammonium nitrogen, pH values, available phosphorus and potassium were determined by semimicro-Kjeldahl method, potassium dichromate (external heating) method, indophenol blue colorimetric method, potentiometry, NaHCO3leaching-molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method and NH4OAc leaching-flame spectrometry, respectively. In addition, UPLC-Q/TOF-MS was adopted for non-targeted metabolomicanalysis. As revealed by results, the total nitrogen contents in soils collected from Dongchuang (i.e., DCMRS for short)0.67±0.14mg/kg lower than from Fumin (i.e., FMMRS for short); moreover, both DCMRS and FMMRS were acid soils. DCMRS contains higher levels of AN (Ammonium nitrogen), SOC (Soil organic carbon), and AP (Available phosphorus) than FMMRS. The amount of TN (Total nitrogen) contained in FMMRS soil was2.410±0.422mg/kg, which is higher than DCMRS. All data derived from UPLC-Q/TOF-MS met the corresponding requirements for further analysis. Metabolites such as 2-methyl-1-propylamine, gamma-butyrolactone and 3-methyl-1-butylamine were detected in DCMRS and FMMRS samples. Several pathways were included, such as lipid metabolism, xenobioticsbiodegradation and metabolism, terpenoids and polyketides, and amino acid metabolism. Through comparison of FMMRS and DCMRS, metabolic pathways associated with nitrogen, carbon, and antibiotic metabolism including iron transport were significantly different between them. Taken together, FMMRS is more fertile, less acidic, and higher in nitrogen than DCMRS.© 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Soil pH and Nutrient Characteristics of Newly-added Cultivated Land in Heyang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Ruiqing Zhang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Nan Lu ◽  
Yang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus

In order to understand the soil pH and main nutrient characteristics of newly added cultivated land in the eastern part of Guanzhong, and 160 soil samples were collected in 2016, the soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in Heyang County were studied The suitability distribution of the indicators, using stepwise regression and path analysis methods, analyzes the direct relationship between soil pH and soil nutrients, and provides a theoretical basis for improving the newly added cultivated land. The results showed that the soil pH in Heyang County varied from 8.42 to 9.67, the soil organic matter content varied from 3.46 to 17.93 g/kg, the soil total nitrogen content varied from 0.13 to 5.61 g/kg, and the soil available phosphorus changed The range is 1.73 ~ 63.06 mg/kg, and the soil available potassium range is 46.50 ~ 523.74. The newly added soil has a certain nutrient basis, but it should be further adjusted and improved during the cultivation process. The direct positive effect on soil pH value is mainly soil organic matter, and the direct negative effect is mainly soil available phosphorus. By adjusting the organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, the pH value of the soil can be effectively improved, so that the newly cultivated soil is suitable for the growth of local crops.

scholarly journals Soil nutrient evolution under different vegetation types in semiarid loess area

2021 ◽  
pp. 969-976
Author(s):  
Lirong He ◽  
Yuhu Luo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

The soil nutrient characteristics under three vegetation types of arbor ( I ), shrub ( II ) and herb ( III ) were studied by mathematical statistics method combined with field investigation and indoor detection analysis. The change characteristics of soil nutrients under different land use patterns were discussed. The results showed that the average contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were 21.30 and 0.65 g/kg, 3.67 and 67.61 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with grassland, woodland has better effect on fertilizer conservation in the Loess Plateau. In the process of soil nutrient improvement, the nutrient indexes such as organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased synchronously, and the soil alkaline environment that was not conducive to plant growth was also gradually improved. In the correlation between soil nutrients, available phosphorus and available potassium have good relative independence. In the future, organic fertilizer should be applied in this area, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be supplemented to improve soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus content, and to ensure soil nutrient balance by optimizing fertilization methods. In addition, in the case of uneven distribution of soil nutrients in the soil profile, it is recommended to take appropriate soil ploughing and reasonable human management measures to improve soil nutrient status, achieve high-quality sustainable development of soil, and promote the positive succession of vegetation communities. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 969-976, 2021 (September) Special

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