scholarly journals A review on introduction and applications of starch and its biodegradable polymers

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanta Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Potential Applications

Biodegradable polymers play a very important role in plastic engineering by replacing non biodegradable, non renewable petrol based polymers. Starch is a renewable, biodegradable, low cost natural polymer with high availability. Natural polymers can be blended with synthetic polymers to improve their properties significantly. This article reviews advance in starch and starch based blends and presents their numerous potential applications. Therefore, this review helps to understand the importance and characteristics of starch and its biodegradable polymers (blends) by its various aspects such as structural properties and wide applications.International Journal of Environment Vol.4(4) 2015: 114-125

scholarly journals Immobilization of Glucanobacter Xylinum Onto Natural Polymers to Enhance the Bacterial Cellulose Productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelraof ◽  
Houssni El-Saied ◽  
Mohamed S. Hasanin
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Sugar Cane Bagasse ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Potato Peel ◽  
Ca Alginate

Abstract Bacterial cellulose (BC) has profound applications in different sectors of biotechnology due to its unique properties preferring it about plant cellulose. Although this polymer is extremely important in various applications, many problems still hinder the sustainable production in terms of increasing productivity and low-cost production. In order to overcome these problems, this study will focuses on the continuous production of cellulose using immobilized Glucanobacter xylinum cells onto Sugar Cane Bagasse (SCB) and Ca-alginate beads. Comparatively, adsorption of Glucanobacter xylinum cells to the cavum of stalk cells of SCB could be efficiently stable while, entrapment of cells onto Ca-alginate has drawback observed by the rapid disruption and instability of the beads in the Potato Peel Waste (PPW) culture medium. Our findings demonstrate that a combination between alternative low-cost medium with continuous production mode by immobilization onto inexpensive natural polymer can promote a sustainable bioprocess and reduction the production cost.

The development of natural polymer scaffold-based therapeutics for osteochondral repair

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1433-1445
Author(s):  
Mark Lemoine ◽  
Sarah M. Casey ◽  
John M. O'Byrne ◽  
Daniel J. Kelly ◽  
Fergal J. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Polymer Scaffolds ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Polymer Scaffold ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Osteochondral Repair ◽  
Localized Delivery

Due to the limited regenerative capacity of cartilage, untreated joint defects can advance to more extensive degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis. While some biomaterial-based tissue-engineered scaffolds have shown promise in treating such defects, no scaffold has been widely accepted by clinicians to date. Multi-layered natural polymer scaffolds that mimic native osteochondral tissue and facilitate the regeneration of both articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone (SCB) in spatially distinct regions have recently entered clinical use, while the transient localized delivery of growth factors and even therapeutic genes has also been proposed to better regulate and promote new tissue formation. Furthermore, new manufacturing methods such as 3D bioprinting have made it possible to precisely tailor scaffold micro-architectures and/or to control the spatial deposition of cells in requisite layers of an implant. In this way, natural and synthetic polymers can be combined to yield bioactive, yet mechanically robust, cell-laden scaffolds suitable for the osteochondral environment. This mini-review discusses recent advances in scaffolds for osteochondral repair, with particular focus on the role of natural polymers in providing regenerative templates for treatment of both AC and SCB in articular joint defects.

scholarly journals Multi-Functional Electrospun Nanofibers from Polymer Blends for Scaffold Tissue Engineering

Fibers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanumantharao ◽  
Rao
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Polymer Blending ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Review Reports

Electrospinning and polymer blending have been the focus of research and the industry for their versatility, scalability, and potential applications across many different fields. In tissue engineering, nanofiber scaffolds composed of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or a mixture of both have been reported. This review reports recent advances in polymer blended scaffolds for tissue engineering and the fabrication of functional scaffolds by electrospinning. A brief theory of electrospinning and the general setup as well as modifications used are presented. Polymer blends, including blends with natural polymers, synthetic polymers, mixture of natural and synthetic polymers, and nanofiller systems, are discussed in detail and reviewed.

scholarly journals Recent Achievements in Polymer Bio-Based Flocculants for Water Treatment

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Maćczak ◽  
Halina Kaczmarek ◽  
Marta Ziegler-Borowska
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Solid Liquid

Polymer flocculants are used to promote solid–liquid separation processes in potable water and wastewater treatment. Recently, bio-based flocculants have received a lot of attention due to their superior advantages over conventional synthetic polymers or inorganic agents. Among natural polymers, polysaccharides show many benefits such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, ability to undergo different chemical modifications, and wide accessibility from renewable sources. The following article provides an overview of bio-based flocculants and their potential application in water treatment, which may be an indication to look for safer alternatives compared to synthetic polymers. Based on the recent literature, a new approach in searching for biopolymer flocculants sources, flocculation mechanisms, test methods, and factors affecting this process are presented. Particular attention is paid to flocculants based on starch, cellulose, chitosan, and their derivatives because they are low-cost and ecological materials, accepted in industrial practice. New trends in water treatment technology, including biosynthetic polymers, nanobioflocculants, and stimulant-responsive flocculants are also considered.

scholarly journals Novel synthesis strategies for natural polymer and composite biomaterials as potential scaffolds for tissue engineering

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1917) ◽  
pp. 1981-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsu-Feng Ko ◽  
Charles Sfeir ◽  
Prashant N. Kumta
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Porous Network ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Polymeric Scaffold ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in tissue engineering approaches frequently revolve around the use of three-dimensional scaffolds to function as the template for cellular activities to repair, rebuild and regenerate damaged or lost tissues. While there are several biomaterials to select as three-dimensional scaffolds, it is generally agreed that a biomaterial to be used in tissue engineering needs to possess certain material characteristics such as biocompatibility, suitable surface chemistry, interconnected porosity, desired mechanical properties and biodegradability. The use of naturally derived polymers as three-dimensional scaffolds has been gaining widespread attention owing to their favourable attributes of biocompatibility, low cost and ease of processing. This paper discusses the synthesis of various polysaccharide-based, naturally derived polymers, and the potential of using these biomaterials to serve as tissue engineering three-dimensional scaffolds is also evaluated. In this study, naturally derived polymers, specifically cellulose, chitosan, alginate and agarose, and their composites, are examined. Single-component scaffolds of plain cellulose, plain chitosan and plain alginate as well as composite scaffolds of cellulose–alginate, cellulose–agarose, cellulose–chitosan, chitosan–alginate and chitosan–agarose are synthesized, and their suitability as tissue engineering scaffolds is assessed. It is shown that naturally derived polymers in the form of hydrogels can be synthesized, and the lyophilization technique is used to synthesize various composites comprising these natural polymers. The composite scaffolds appear to be sponge-like after lyophilization. Scanning electron microscopy is used to demonstrate the formation of an interconnected porous network within the polymeric scaffold following lyophilization. It is also established that HeLa cells attach and proliferate well on scaffolds of cellulose, chitosan or alginate. The synthesis protocols reported in this study can therefore be used to manufacture naturally derived polymer-based scaffolds as potential biomaterials for various tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Biodegradable polymers, current trends of research and their applications, a review

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Maja Colnik ◽  
Masa Knez-Hrncic ◽  
Mojca Skerget ◽  
Zeljko Knez
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Synthetic And Natural Polymers

Biodegradable polymers have been developed rapidly in the last years and are widely used today in the fields of pharmacy, clinical biomedicine, cosmetic, medical, packing industries, tissue engineering, agriculture and other areas. The interest in biodegradable polymers has been increasing, mainly due to rising oil prices, which is the basic feedstock of plastic derived from petroleum, and also due to the problem of the removal of waste plastics that accumulate in the environment. Biodegradable polymers have many advantages in contrast to synthetic polymers and can be decomposed in the environment to non-hazardous substances. Biodegradable polymers are classified into two classes based on their synthesis i.e., synthetic and natural polymers. They are derived either from petroleum resources or from biological resources. The following review presents an overview of the different biodegradable polymers and their properties, current scientific research, applications, global production of bioplastic and replacement of conventional plastic.

scholarly journals A Review on Bio-Polymers Derived from Animal Sources with Special Reference to their Potential Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
Sujata Paul ◽  
Biplajit Das ◽  
Hemanta Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Made In

Biopolymers are naturally found material and most of the materials are made in nature during the life cycles of plants, animals, fungi and bacteria. For any pharmaceutical formulation the two main ingredients are active pharmaceutical ingredient and excipients. As excipients in any kind of dosage form, the biopolymers play a vital function. Biopolymers are pharmacologically inert ingredients formulated along with the active ingredient to increase the volume; they help in the formulating dosage form and also simultaneously can improve the physicochemical parameters of the dosage form and so are widely used in the development of new drug delivery system. The biopolymers which are obtained from animal sources are usually non-toxic, biocompatible, stable and economic; and can control the release pattern of the drug. Natural polymers have more preponderant effects on fast dissolving tablets than synthetic polymers. Now-a-days, because of many problems regarding drug release and adverse effects of synthetic polymers, manufacturers are going towards using natural polymers. In this review article we mainly discussed about types of polymer, different alignment of natural polymer, advantages of natural polymers over synthetic polymers, drawbacks of natural polymers, mechanism of drug release of polymer, different methods of preparation of biopolymers, role of polymer in pharmaceutical industry and drug delivery systems. Keywords: Natural polymers, Chitin, Collagen, Sources, Preparation.

scholarly journals Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan and Its Derivatives: A Concise Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3694
Author(s):  
Luminita Georgeta Confederat ◽  
Cristina Gabriela Tuchilus ◽  
Maria Dragan ◽  
Mousa Sha’at ◽  
Oana Maria Dragostin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Strength And Durability

Despite the advantages presented by synthetic polymers such as strength and durability, the lack of biodegradability associated with the persistence in the environment for a long time turned the attention of researchers to natural polymers. Being biodegradable, biopolymers proved to be extremely beneficial to the environment. At present, they represent an important class of materials with applications in all economic sectors, but also in medicine. They find applications as absorbers, cosmetics, controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, etc. Chitosan is one of the natural polymers which raised a strong interest for researchers due to some exceptional properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, non-antigenicity, low-cost and numerous pharmacological properties as antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, antidiabetic, immunoenhancing. In addition to this, the free amino and hydroxyl groups make it susceptible to a series of structural modulations, obtaining some derivatives with different biomedical applications. This review approaches the physico-chemical and pharmacological properties of chitosan and its derivatives, focusing on the antimicrobial potential including mechanism of action, factors that influence the antimicrobial activity and the activity against resistant strains, topics of great interest in the context of the concern raised by the available therapeutic options for infections, especially with resistant strains.

scholarly journals Visualization of Surface Acoustic Waves in Thin Liquid Films

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Rambach ◽  
J. Taiber ◽  
C. M. L. Scheck ◽  
C. Meyer ◽  
J. Reboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Liquid Films ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Potential Applications

Abstract We demonstrate that the propagation path of a surface acoustic wave (SAW), excited with an interdigitated transducer (IDT), can be visualized using a thin liquid film dispensed onto a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) substrate. The practical advantages of this visualization method are its rapid and simple implementation, with many potential applications including in characterising acoustic pumping within microfluidic channels. It also enables low-cost characterisation of IDT designs thereby allowing the determination of anisotropy and orientation of the piezoelectric substrate without the requirement for sophisticated and expensive equipment. Here, we show that the optical visibility of the sound path critically depends on the physical properties of the liquid film and identify heptane and methanol as most contrast rich solvents for visualization of SAW. We also provide a detailed theoretical description of this effect.

scholarly journals Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Polymeric Membranes for Water Purification—A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2091
Author(s):  
Angela Spoială ◽  
Cornelia-Ioana Ilie ◽  
Denisa Ficai ◽  
Anton Ficai ◽  
Ecaterina Andronescu
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Materials Used

During the past few years, researchers have focused their attention on developing innovative nanocomposite polymeric membranes with applications in water purification. Natural and synthetic polymers were considered, and it was proven that chitosan-based materials presented important features. This review presents an overview regarding diverse materials used in developing innovative chitosan-based nanocomposite polymeric membranes for water purification. The first part of the review presents a detailed introduction about chitosan, highlighting the fact that is a biocompatible, biodegradable, low-cost, nontoxic biopolymer, having unique structure and interesting properties, and also antibacterial and antioxidant activities, reasons for using it in water treatment applications. To use chitosan-based materials for developing nanocomposite polymeric membranes for wastewater purification applications must enhance their performance by using different materials. In the second part of the review, the performance’s features will be presented as a consequence of adding different nanoparticles, also showing the effect that those nanoparticles could bring on other polymeric membranes. Among these features, pollutant’s retention and enhancing thermo-mechanical properties will be mentioned. The focus of the third section of the review will illustrate chitosan-based nanocomposite as polymeric membranes for water purification. Over the last few years, researchers have demonstrated that adsorbent nanocomposite polymeric membranes are powerful, important, and potential instruments in separation or removal of pollutants, such as heavy metals, dyes, and other toxic compounds presented in water systems. Lastly, we conclude this review with a summary of the most important applications of chitosan-based nanocomposite polymeric membranes and their perspectives in water purification.

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