scholarly journals Fermentation and Extraction of Antibacterial Metabolite Using Streptomyces spp. Isolated from Taplejung, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Shiv Nandan Sah ◽  
Ramesh Majhi ◽  
Sunil Regmi ◽  
Arjun Ghimire ◽  
Bhageshwor Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Antibacterial Compound ◽  
Fermented Broth ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Mic Value

Realizing an increasing need for a novel antibiotic, this study was carried out to screen antibacterial metabolites producing actinomycetes from 15 soil samples collected from Taplejung. Antibacterial metabolites producing actinomycetes were confirmed by primary screening and secondary screening. Macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics were used for presumptive identification of probable actinomycetes genera. The potential isolate was cultured in starch casein broth for production of possible antibacterial compound. The antibacterial compound was extracted from fermented broth using organic solvents like ethyl acetate, n-butanol, chloroform, dichloromethane, and methanol. Among 24 isolates, only one (T18) showed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) test-bacteria. The isolate was considered as Streptomyces spp based on microscopy and various biochemical, and physiological characteristics. Extracted antibacterial metabolite showed antibacterial activity with a MIC value of 1.2 mg/mL against E. coli (ATCC 25922). The chromatogram in Thin Layer Chromatography showed only one spot exhibited by extract with Rf value 0.87 suggested that the isolate produced a compound that was completely different from the spot with Rf value 0.94 produced by gentamicin (standard). This study revealed the distribution of the potent antibacterial metabolite producing actinomycetes in the soils of Taplejung.

scholarly journals Screening of Antibiotic Producing Actinomycetes for Antibiosis from Soil of Siraha, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Shiv Nandan Sah ◽  
Binod Lekhak
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Mic Value

The increasing need of novel antibiotics has provided a pace for the search of antibiotics from actinomycetes. Primary and secondary screenings of antibiotic producing actinomycetes from the soil of Siraha (75-600 m) were performed. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the metabolites was determined against E. coli. Macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characterization were performed for the identification of presumptive genera. Characterization of the antibacterial substances was done by TLC. Among 92 isolates, 22 showed antibacterial activity against at least 1 bacterium out of 6 test bacteria used. Microscopy and other characteristics studies revealed that 19 (86.36%) were Streptomyces spp.,1 (4.55%) was Thermomonospora spp., and 2 (9.09 %) were unidentified. Five potent isolates were selected for the secondary screening where 2 isolates inhibited Gram negative bacteria with an MIC value of 1.2 mg/mL for each isolate. TLC showed that both antibiotics produced only one spot suggesting the presence of one active compound other than vancomycin (standard). The active isolates from primary screening were heterogeneous in their overall macroscopic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The two potent isolates showing antibacterial activity were found to belong to different distinct taxonomic groups.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY FOR BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCED BY STREPTOMYCES SPP. ISOLATED FROM SOIL SAMPLES

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-110
Author(s):  
SAMER M. AL-HULU
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
High Degree

Objective: The goal of the present study on isolation Streptomyces from soil samples with biosurfactant activity and antibacterial activity analysis. Methods: (25) The soil samples were taken form Hilla city. (10) It is Streptomyces spp. They were identified. (4) Streptomyces spp. having the ability to hemolysis on blood agar that has the capacity to generate biosurfactants. Streptomyces spp. 8 displayed a high degree of activity by having a blood agar inhibition zone (25 mm). Results: Antibacterial activity was evaluated for Streptomyces spp. 8 (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia Coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Streptomyces spp. 8 has greatest inhibition zone against S. aureus equal to 14 mm compared 12 mm against E. coli and 8 mm for P. aeruginosa. This Streptomyces spp. 8 characteristic was tested, it showed Gram positive with aerial mycelium gray in color on yeast malt extract agar. Negative for melanin produced on tyrosine broth medium, negative for H2S output, and pigment development, it has for the use of mannitol sucrose, glucose, and fructose as carbon source and negative for xylose. Conclusion: Isolated Streptomyces spp. having the potential to generate biosurfactants with antibacterial activity.

Identification of N-Substituted Triazolo-azetidines as Novel Antibacterials using pDualrep2 HTS Platform

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Yan A. Ivanenkov ◽  
Renat S. Yamidanov ◽  
Ilya A. Osterman ◽  
Petr V. Sergiev ◽  
Vladimir A. Aladinskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mic Value

Aim and Objective: Antibiotic resistance is a serious constraint to the development of new effective antibacterials. Therefore, the discovery of the new antibacterials remains one of the main challenges in modern medicinal chemistry. This study was undertaken to identify novel molecules with antibacterial activity. Materials and Methods: Using our unique double-reporter system, in-house large-scale HTS campaign was conducted for the identification of antibacterial potency of small-molecule compounds. The construction allows us to visually assess the underlying mechanism of action. After the initial HTS and rescreen procedure, luciferase assay, C14-test, determination of MIC value and PrestoBlue test were carried out. Results: HTS rounds and rescreen campaign have revealed the antibacterial activity of a series of Nsubstituted triazolo-azetidines and their isosteric derivatives that has not been reported previously. Primary hit-molecule demonstrated a MIC value of 12.5 µg/mL against E. coli Δ tolC with signs of translation blockage and no SOS-response. Translation inhibition (26%, luciferase assay) was achieved at high concentrations up to 160 µg/mL, while no activity was found using C14-test. The compound did not demonstrate cytotoxicity in the PrestoBlue assay against a panel of eukaryotic cells. Within a series of direct structural analogues bearing the same or bioisosteric scaffold, compound 2 was found to have an improved antibacterial potency (MIC=6.25 µg/mL) close to Erythromycin (MIC=2.5-5 µg/mL) against the same strain. In contrast to the parent hit, this compound was more active and selective, and provided a robust IP position. Conclusion: N-substituted triazolo-azetidine scaffold may be used as a versatile starting point for the development of novel active and selective antibacterial compounds.

scholarly journals Study on antibacterial activity of Calotropis procera

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muzammal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Mic Value

Comparative study of plant extracts crude and aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic with antibiotics, provide evidence that calotropis procera extracts has the similar antibacterial activity as these antibiotics against test pathogens i.e. Salmonella typhi and E.coli. The analysis of antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extract of leaves and flower of Calotropis procera was carried out in disc method and also determined MIC value at 600nm through optical density using spectrophotometer. The zone of inhibition produced by extracts was examined and compares it with zone produced by antibiotics. The effect exhibited by ethanolic extract of leaves and flower was significantly greater than the aqueous and methanolic extract of leaves and flower. Crude extracts i.e. latex, leaves, fruit and flower crude extracts. Among them, flower crude extracts shows similar zone of inhibition to test anitibiotics.while in MIC value, we made different concentration of extracts and antibiotics.i.e for crude we made 25%, 50%.75% and 100% concentration of crude juice and for the aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic we made 0.5mg/mL,1mg/mL,2mg/mL,3mg/mL,4mg/mL, 5mg/mL and 6mg/mL in Dimethyl salfoxide, and same antibiotics concentration. Aqueous leaves extracts show MIC at 0.5mg/ml against E.coli while against Salmonella it shows MIC at 1mg/ml... We also determine phytochemical analysis for presences of different compounds in crude extracts. The obtained results provide a support for the use of Calotropis procera, in traditional medicine and suggest its further advance investigation.

Antibacterial Activity of Traditional Medicine Scurrula atropurpurea (BL) DANS and their Endophytic Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Elfita Elfita ◽  
Muharni Muharni ◽  
Mardiyanto Mardiyanto ◽  
Fitrya Fitrya ◽  
Feti Fera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Antibacterial Compound ◽  
Promising Source

Scurrula atropurpurea known as benalu is a medicinal plant that has been used for the treatment of various diseases such as antibacterial. Plants with ethnomedicine history use to cure pathogenic bacterial infections and their endophytic fungi is a promising source of antibacterial compounds. This study aimed to compared the antibacterial activity of S. atropurpurea leaves and their endophytic fungi. The secondary metabolites were isolated from the leaves of S. atropurpurea and their endophytic fungi by the chromatography method. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by Kirby Bauer method against Salmonella typhi (IPCCCB.11.669) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) as Gram (-) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) as Gram (+). The antibacterial compound from S. atropurpurea was determined by spectroscopy analysis as Quercetin-3-O-α-L-Rhamnopyranoside, while the antibacterial compound from endophytic fungi (strain BB1) as a lactone. Phylogenetic tree of strain BB1 has the highest homology with Neopestalotiopsis surinamensis strain CBS 450.74.

scholarly journals Synthesis of different α, β- unsaturated oxazolone derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Pallavi L Phalke
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nucleophilic Reagents ◽  
Formed Product ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Acetyl glycine were prepared from glycine acetic anhydride and then 2, 4-disubstituted Oxazol-5-one were prepared from acetyl glycine, substituted aldehydes, acetic anhydride, and sodium acetate as a catalyst. The formed product is evaluated and characterized by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy and melting point. The, β- unsaturated shows ability to react with various nucleophilic reagents for synthesis of new fused oxazole compounds. Keywords: glycine, acetic anhydride, aldehyde Sodium acetate, Oxazolone, E. coli, Antibacterial Activity.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Liverworts of Dumortiera hirsute (Sw.) Nees Ethyl Acetate Extract Against Pathogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Luthfiah Luthfiah ◽  
Dwi Setyati ◽  
Sattya Arimurti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Dumortiera hirsuta is one of the liverworts that can be used as a medicinal to prevent infection by pathogenic bacteria. The content of secondary metabolites of D. hirsuta has potential as antibacterial properties includes flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids. This research is to analyze the antibacterial activity of moss D. hirsuta against pathogenic bacteria that will be beneficial to humans. Liverworts of D. hirsuta were extracted using ethyl acetate solvent and tested against three types of pathogenic bacteria using the agar well-diffusion method. The results of this study indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of D. hirsuta at 100% concentration could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The range of antibacterial activity categories of the ethyl acetate extract of D. hirsuta to E. coli, S. aureus, and S. typhi between weak to moderate.

scholarly journals β-Lactamase inhibition profile of new amidine-substituted diazabicyclooctanes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 711-718
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Lijuan Zhai ◽  
Yuanyu Gao ◽  
Dong Tang ◽  
Xueqin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mic Value

The diazabicyclooctane (DBO) scaffold is the backbone of non-β-lactam-based second generation β-lactamase inhibitors. As part of our efforts, we have synthesized a series of DBO derivatives A1–23 containing amidine substituents at the C2 position of the bicyclic ring. These compounds, alone and in combination with meropenem, were tested against ten bacterial strains for their antibacterial activity in vitro. All compounds did not show antibacterial activity when tested alone (MIC >64 mg/L), however, they exhibited a moderate inhibition activity in the presence of meropenem by lowering its MIC values. The compound A12 proved most potent among the other counterparts against all bacterial species with MIC from <0.125 mg/L to 2 mg/L, and is comparable to avibactam against both E. coli strains with a MIC value of <0.125 mg/L.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TOKAR SHA AGAINST ENTERIC BACTERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 436-444
Author(s):  
Sabiu Shitu ◽  
M. Attahiru ◽  
F. A. Iliya
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteric Infections

The antibacterial activity of Tokar sha; a local traditional medication widely used by many people in North-west zone of Nigeria especially Sokoto, Kebbi and Zamfara against enteric infections were examined against some clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi) using agar well diffusion method. The pattern of inhibition varied with the tokar sha concentrations and the organisms tested. The tokar sha was more effective on E. coli with a maximum zone of growth inhibition of 25mm at 35mg/ml followed by B. cereus (20mm). However, S. aureus and S. typhi were resistant to tokar sha at all concentrations tested. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were found to be 35mg/ml for both E. coli and B. cereus. The antibacterial activities exhibited by tokar sha in this study could be attributed to the presence of its constituents which signifies the potential of the tokar sha as a therapeutic agent. These findings may justify the ethnomedicinal use of tokar sha as an antibacterial agent against enterobacteria

Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan/TiO2 Microspheres

2014 ◽  
Vol 912-914 ◽  
pp. 362-365
Author(s):  
Wen Ying Qi ◽  
Sai Sai Chen ◽  
Dan Yang ◽  
Qin Long Li ◽  
Xiao Rong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Aldehyde Group ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Stretching Vibrations ◽  
Mic Value

In this study, chitosan (CS)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) microspheres with different nanoTiO2 content were obtained by suspension cross-linking technique and characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The strong peak of C=N stretching vibrations at 1641 cm-1 were found which demonstrated that amino groups of CS reacted with aldehyde group of glutaraldehyde. SEM photographs showed that the CS/TiO2 microspheres were spherical, and the size of the CS/TiO2 microspheres ranging from 50 to 170 μm was analyzed with the software of Image J. The entrapment efficiency of the CS/TiO2 microspheres was up to 67.7%. Compared with CS, CS/TiO2 microspheres had better antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli with a MIC value of 0.0125%.

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