scholarly journals Clinical Profile and Sensitivity Pattern of Salmonella Serotypes in Children: A Hospital Based Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Joshi ◽  
K Keyal ◽  
R Pandey ◽  
BM Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Culture Positive

Introduction: Enteric fever is a systemic infection caused by the bacteria, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S.typhi) and Salmonella enterica serovara Paratyphi (S. paratyphi A, B and C). Most of the burden of the disease is limited to the developing world and the disease still has the issues like wide spectrum of clinical presentation and multidrug resistance. Objectives: This study was done to analyze the clinical profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in the cases of culture positive enteric fever. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Civil Service Hospital from February 2010 to January 2011 in the paediatric population in the age group of 2 to 14 years. Children with Salmonella species isolated in blood culture were included in the study. Results: Out of the 40 children with culture positive enteric fever, male to female ratio was 1.3:1 with common age group between 11-14 years. S typhi was isolated in 25 cases while S. paratyphi in 15 cases. Clinical features of S. typhi and S. paratyphi were indistinguishable. Both S.typhi and S. paratyphi were found to be 100% sensitive to drugs like Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Cefixime and Chloramphenicol. Sensitivity to Ofloxacin was 100% in S. paratyphi and 92% in S.typhi. Similarly sensitivity of Azithromycin was 92% and 93% for S.typhi and S. paratyphi respectively. Conclusion: Salmonella serotype is still 100 % sensitive to third generation cephalosporin. Some percentage of resistance is seen with Ofloxacin in S. typhi and with Azithromycin in both S.typhi and S. paratyphi. Key words: Enteric fever; S.typhi; S.paratyphi; Sensitivity DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v31i3.4382 J Nep Paedtr Soc 2011;31(3): 180-183

scholarly journals Clinical profile of culture proven enteric fever in children at university teaching hospital, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Ganesh Shah ◽  
Amrit Ghimire ◽  
Shrijana Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Culture Positive

Introductions: Enteric fever is one of the major public health issues in Nepal. The present study was designed to analyze the clinical profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in the cases of culture positive typhoid fever.Methods: This was a cross sectional study done by reviewing the hospital record files of children admitted in paediatric ward of Patan Hospital with culture positive enteric fever over a period of seven years from January 2007 to December 2013. The mode of presentation, sensitivity pattern of isolates from blood culture, response to therapy and the complications were recorded and analyzed.Results: There were total of 119 culture positive enteric fever admitted to children ward during this period, 64 (53.7%) males and 55 (46.3%) females. Common symptoms were fever (100%), vomiting 37 (31.09%), diarrhea 27 (22.68%), abdominal pain 31 (26%) cough 24 (20%), and constipation six (5%). Common clinical signs were hepatomegaly 41 (34.4%), splenomegaly 25 (21%), and chest signs 10 (8.4%). Sensitivity to ceftriaxone was 96.6% in this study. Ninety four percent of salmonella typhi in 2013 were resistant to quinolones.Conclusions: Fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and cough were major manifestations and encephalopathy was common complication of enteric fever in this study. Resistance to many of the drugs are emerging. An appropriate antibiotic has to be initiated only after culture sensitivity in typhoid fever.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Dec;1(2):42-45

scholarly journals A study of etiology of fever of unknown origin in children aged 2 months to 18 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1842
Author(s):  
Naveen Gandla ◽  
Sheela A. Bharani ◽  
Tushar P. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Geographical Regions

Background: In an era of advance science of modern technologies, many diseases are diagnosed and excluded rapidly and now Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) has been redefined for any fever of 380C lasting for more than 7 days without any clear cause. The aetiology varies according to different geographical regions, socioeconomical status, age, prevalence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs and genetic susceptibility.Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional, hospital-based study, carried out on 150 children from August 2018 to May 2020. All cases in the age group of 2 months to 18 years with fever of >38.0°C, lasting for more than 7 days without a clear source were included.Results: The mean age of presentation was 5.8 years±Standard Deviation of 3.7 years with male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Nearly half of the cases, presented with the duration of fever between 8-14 days. Enteric fever in 52%, tuberculosis in 13.3% and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 8.5% were three common etiologies found in this study. Amongst all cases of FUO, infective causes were seen in 113 (75.3%) followed by malignancies in 15(10%) cases. In 10 (6.7%) cases, cause could not be established.Conclusions: Enteric fever and tuberculosis were the leading etiologies from infective subgroup of FUO. ALL was the commonest cause from malignancies sub group. FUO presenting with low haemoglobin, platelet is a pointer towards malignancy. Occurrence of FUO with infectious diseases and malignancies was found in younger age group as compared to connective tissue diseases. 

scholarly journals Sensitivity Pattern of Salmonella Typhi from Blood Culture in Paediatric Population

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Current Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: The bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar typhi causes typhoid fever which is a life-threatening systemic infection that mainly occurs in developing countries of the world and remains a major public health issue. Paratyphoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A and B and (infrequently C). Appropriate and immediate antimicrobial therapy is required for the prevention of complications and mortality due to enteric fever. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the current sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi so that appropriate antibiotics can be initiated on time. Objective: To determine the sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi in enteric fever among the pediatric population visiting a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried at the Department of Pediatrics in National Institute of Child Health Karachi from 13-12-2019 to 13-06-2020 after acquiring ethical approval from the hospital committee. There were 149 children aged 3-12 years of either gender diagnosed with enteric fever selected for this study. Patients' information was collected on pre-designed proforma. Blood of five milliliters quantity was drawn and sent to the pathology department within 12 hours of the admission. Salmonella typhi was identified by biochemical testing of the suspicious non-lactose fermenting colonies. Mueller Hinton Agar medium was used for testing antibiotic sensitivity. The sensitivity of the drug was interpreted as Sensitive, Intermediate and Resistant based on inhibition zone size. Results: The average age of the children was 5.56±2.39 years. Sensitivity for meropenem, azithromycin was 100% and 93.3% respectively while the sensitivity of ciprofloxacin was 53.7%. Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazole, Chloramphenicol and Ceftriaxone were more than 80% resistant. Conclusion: Our study confirms the sensitivity for meropenem, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin. Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazole, Chloramphenicol and Ceftriaxone showed higher resistance. This study emphasizes the need for continuous evaluation and judicious use of antimicrobials, considering the ever-changing antibiogram.

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of Stroke Patients Attended in a Tertiary Care Hospital- Study of 219 cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Nayeem Anwar ◽  
Md Rezaul Karim Khan ◽  
Nawreen Binte Anwar ◽  
Shamsun Nahar ◽  
- Md Shahidullah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results

Background: Stroke is serious pathology with a immense impact on the functional and vital prognosis. It is the leading cause of death worldwide. The objective of the study was to observe clinical profile of stroke patients and important risk factors. Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the department of Neurology, BangabandhuSheikh Mujib Medical Universiy(BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from August 2014 to November2015. All patients above 18 years of age and both sexes attending the above mentioned department meeting all inclusion and exclusion criterias and confirmed CT/MRI scan of Brain were included in this study. Results: A total of 219 patients were studied. Maximum 93(42.5%) patients were in age group of 61-70 years followed by 51(23.3%) and 30(13.7%), in the age group of 51-60 years and 71-80 years respectively. Male 138(63%) were predominant than female 81(63%). 78(35.61%) patients had weakness in both sides of the body, 66(30.1%) had weakness in the left side and 36(16.4%) had weakness in the right side of the body. 190 (87.7) patients had ischemic stroke and 29(12.3%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Among risk factors dyslipidemia was in 185(84.5%) patients, hypertension, smoking habits, diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease were present in 165(75.3%), 120(54.8%), 105(47.9%) and 42 (19.2%) patients respectively. H/O recurrent stroke was present in 55(25%) cases. Conclusion: Stroke cases were male predominant where dyslipidaemia was the most common risk factor, most common type of stroke was ischemic, most common presentation was hemiplegia/monoplegia and commonest age of presentation was seventh decade. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (1): 16-20

scholarly journals Sensitivity pattern of azithrymycin, ofloxacin and ceftriaxone in ciprofloxacin resistant salmonella causing enteric fever

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Shamima Kawser ◽  
Ruhul Amin Miah ◽  
Khandker Md Nurus Sabah ◽  
Tanzima Begum ◽  
Shahin Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

The therapeutic alternatives available for use against ciprofloxacin resistant enteric fever isolates in an endemic area are limited. A cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from January to December 2008, to see the sensitivity pattern of azithrymycin, ofloxacin and ceftriaxone in ciprofloxacin resistant salmonella causing enteric fever. In this study, the MICs of various drugs were determined for 100 enteric fever isolates (72 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and 28 Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A). By agar dilution method, 40% Salmonella strains were ciprofloxacin resistant showing MIC values of (4-8 mg/ml), 36% strains were intermediate sensitive with MIC values of 1 to 4 mg/ml and 24% strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin showing MIC values of 0.125 to 1 mg/ml. All ciprofloxacin- resistant isolates were sensitive to ofloxacin (inhibitory zone diamater 16-32mm), ceftriaxone (inhibitory zone diameter 21mm), 66.66 % isolates were sensitive to azithromycin. These results indicate that ofloxacin and ceflriaxone may be convenient alternative antimicrobial agents for Salmonella isolates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i1.15627 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No. 1, April, 2013, Page 55-60

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY IN CULTURE POSITIVE ENTERIC FEVER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Manish Kulshrestha ◽  
Dr. Anjali Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bone Marrow Culture ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Culture Positive

INTRODUCTION: Enteric fever includes typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Peak incidence is seen in children 5–15 years of age; but in regions where the disease is highly endemic, as in India, children younger than 5 years of age may have the highest infection rates. There are about 22 million new typhoid cases occur each year. Young children in poor, resource limited areas, who make up the majority of the new cases and there is a mortality figures of 215,000 deaths annually. A sharp decline in the rates of complications and mortality due to typhoid fever is observed as a result of introduction of effective antibiotic therapy since 1950s. MDR-ST became endemic in many areas of Asia, including India soon after multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serotype typhi (MDR-ST) that were resistant to all the three first-line drugs then in use, namely chloramphenicol, amoxycillin and co-trimoxazole emerged in early 1990s. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Only blood culture or bone marrow culture positive cases were included. The patients with culture isolated enteric fever were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disk diffusion method using antibiotic discs. The analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility was carried out as per CLSI interpretative guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 82 culture positive cases were included in the present study. 80 culture isolates were from blood culture and 2 from the bone marrow culture. Salmonella entericasubspecies enterica serovartyphi (S typhi) was isolated from 67 (81.70%) patients while Salmonella enterica subspecies entericaserovarparatyphi (S paratyphi A) was isolated from 13 (15.85%) cases and 2 (2.44%) were Salmonella enterica subspecies entericaserovarschottmuelleri (S paratyphi B). Of the 82 cases 65(79.3%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 17 (20.7%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, one (1.2%) case each was resistant to Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, 2 (2.4%) were resistant to chloramphenicol, 10 (12.2%) were resistant and to cotrimoxazole 3 (3.7%) were resistant. CONCLUSION: In a culture positive cases 65(79.3%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 17 (20.7%) were resistant to nalidixic acid. Multidrug resistant isolates were 65(79.3%).

COMPARISION OF DENTAL SCORING SYSTEM WITH RADIOGRAPHIC SKELETAL SYSTEM IN AGE ESTIMATION

JKCD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Sadaf Ambreen
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Skeletal Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Male Subjects

Objectives: To compare Demirjian Dental scoring method with Greulich-Pyle (GP) Skeletal method of age estimation in pubertal children. Materials and Methods: Sample of the study included 267 male healthy subjects of 11-16 years of age group.. Demirjian Scoring system was utilized to evaluate the orthopantomograms to assess their Dental age and the Hand-Wrist radiographs were analyzed to calculate the skeletal age by utilizing GP atlas. Chronological age was obtained from the date of birth of the subject .Both methods were compared with one another and with the chronological age. It was a cross-sectional study and only healthy male subjects without any clinical abnormalities were included in the study. Results: A total of 267 male subjects of 11-16 years of age group were assessed by Demirjian and Greulich Pyle Methods. Both were compared with Chronological Age. Data obtained was statistically analyzed and the Student “t” test was applied in the study population. The mean difference between Chronolgical age and dental age was 0.69years and that of chronological age and skeletal age was 0.87 years. It was observed from dental age assessment that it does not differ much from the skeletal age. Conclusion: It was concluded that Demirjian method of Age Estimation is more precise than Greulich Pyle method of Age Estimation. Furthermore both methods can be used selectively in Medicolegal cases to access bone age which can be easily correlated to chronological age.

scholarly journals Stunting Diagnostic and Awareness: Impact assessment study of sociodemographic factors of stunting among school-going children of Pakistan (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahvish Ponum ◽  
Saadia Khan ◽  
Osman Hasan ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Asad Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
P Value ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Study Results

BACKGROUND Stunting is a major public health issue in most of developing countries. Although, its worldwide prevalence is decreasing slowly but the number of stunted children is still rising in Pakistan. Stunting is highly associated with several long-term consequences, including higher rate of mortality and morbidity, deficient cognitive growth, school performance, learning capacity, work capacity and work productivity. To prevent stunting, we proposed Stunting Diagnostic and Education app. This app includes detailed knowledge of stunting and it’s all forms, symptoms, causes, video tutorials and guidelines by the Pediatricians and Nutritionists. OBJECTIVE The aim and objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of stunting in school-going children in Multan District of Punjab Pakistan and to analyze the risk factors associated with stunting in children under and over 5 age. This study presents Stunting Diagnostic and Education app to prevent the stunting in children under 5 age and children over 5 age (where required). METHODS A cross-sectional study has been conducted in schools of Multan District, Pakistan for the period of January 2019 to June 2019. Sample data of 1420 children, aged 4 to 18 years using three age groups, were analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0 to assess the prevalence of stunting and to analyze the main factors associated with it. Chi square test was applied in comparison with rural and urban participants and p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. This study includes distribution of sociodemographic characteristics, parental education, working status of mothers, dietary patterns of school going children and prevalence of stunting in school going children. After getting study results, Stunting Diagnostic and Education app was developed according to the instructions of child experts and nutritionists. RESULTS 354 (24.93%) participants were stunted out of 1420, 11.9 % children were obese and 63.17% children were normal. Out of 354 stunted children, higher ratio of stunting was found in the age group of 8-11 years children with 51.98 percentage. 37.85% stunted children were found in the age group of 4-7 years and 10.17% stunting was found in the age group of 12-18 years children. It was observed in the study that male children were highly stunted than female with 57.91 % and 42.09% respectively. Children living in rural areas were more stunted affected as compared to the children living in urban society with percentage 58.76 and 41.24 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study concluded that 24.93% children were stunted, out of which, age group of 8-11 years children were highly stunted. The study showed that the literacy of mother or caregiver had high impact on children’s health. Therefore, Stunting Diagnostic and Education app was developed to educate mothers to prevent stunting.

scholarly journals Common Pathogens and Their Resistance to Antimicrobials in Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP): A Single Center Study in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5144-5153
Author(s):  
Abu Kausar Mohammad ◽  
Morshed Nasir ◽  
Sujat Paul ◽  
Habibur Rahman ◽  
Kalam Abul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Pneumonia is a worldwide, serious threat to health and an enormous socio-economic burden for health care system. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with a significant mortality and morbidity. Knowledge of predominant microbial patterns in CAP constitutes the basis for initial decisions about empirical antimicrobial treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the bacterial etiology of CAP in adult hospitalized patients and to see their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. It was a hospital based cross sectional observational study on 87 hospitalized patients diagnosed with CAP admitted in Medicine department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH). Sputum for Gram staining, Z N staining, culture sensitivity, blood culture and sensitivity and PCR for Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumonia and Streptococcus pneumonia were done. Patients were followed up for in-hospital outcome and 30-day mortality. The mean (±SD) age was 49.59±16.97 years and male female ratio was 1.56:1. Sputum culture, blood culture and PCR were positive in 60.9%, 1.1% and 4.6% of the samples respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae was identified in the sputum culture of the majority of the patients (39.1%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.3%), Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (5.7%). The only one sample which was positive in blood culture and it was Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified in all the 4 PCR positive cases. The highly sensitive drugs were meropenem, levofloxacin and amikacin. In hospital mortality and 30-day mortality was 6.9% and 16.1% respectively. Gram-negative bacteria pre-dominate in the bacteriologic profile of CAP using conventional sputum and blood culture. There is need for further conventional serologic tests for atypical and viral pathogens in all patients admitted with CAP.

scholarly journals Study of psychiatric morbidity of patients attending free mental health check up camp, Simara, Bara district of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
CP Sedain
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Community Mental Health Clinics

Introduction: Maryknoll Nepal has been running community mental health clinics different part of the country. The aim of the study was to find out psychiatric morbidity of patients attending Maryknoll free check up clinic Simara, Bara district of Nepal. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study comprised of all consecutive patients attending Maryknoll free check up clinic Simara, Bara district, Nepal. All the patients attending the free clinics were taken as cases. The study was conducted in January 2009. Demographic data and disease profile of 87 patients attending the clinic were analyzed. The ratios and proportions were used for statistical analysis. Results: Data from Simara free mental health clinic shows that the male to female ratio was 0.55:0.44.The age group 30-39(N-25, 28.74%) followed by age group 20-29 (N-19, 21.84%) was the commonest. The farmer were (N-49, 56.31 %) the most common visitor. The highest number of cases were depressive disorder (N-16, 18.93 %) followed by mania/BPAD (N-14, 16.09 %) and Schizophrenia (N-12, 13.73 %). Conclusion: The commonest incidence of psychiatric illness attending the free clinic is depressive disorder and mania/BPAD. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i1.8572 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .2, No.1, 2013 30-34

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