scholarly journals Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Outcome of Poisonous Snake Bites in Children using the WHO Treatment Protocol in Western Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Kiran Mani Paudel ◽  
V P Poudyal ◽  
Rajan Bikram Rayamajhi ◽  
Shyam Sundar Budhathoki
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guideline ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: Snake bite among children is an important public health problem in many tropical and subtropical countries. Limited studies are found on snake-bite in Nepal using the WHO snake-bite management guidelines. This study assessed the clinico-epidemiological profile and their outcome in snake-bite among children using the WHO Guidelines for treatment of snake bite.Methods: This is a descriptive study among 75 children less than 14 years of age admitted in Emergency Room (ER) of Lumbini Zonal Hospital from 2011-2012 with the history of poisonous snake bite.Results: More than half (56%) of the cases were males and 3/5th (58%) were above 10 years of age. About 40% of the patients were brought to ER within 6-12 hrs of snake bite. Common site of snake-bite was lower limbs (32%) followed by upper limbs (29%). Abdominal Pain (44%) was observed as most common sign/symptom of snake-bite poisoning after local pain followed by ptosis (17.3%). The case fatality rate (CFR) was 16.0%.Conclusion: Use of WHO treatment guideline for snakebite case management among children showed low CFR. However further studies need to done to compare the treatment outcomes between WHO guideline and the National Guidelines among snakebite cases among children. Journal of Nobel College of Medicine Vol.4(1) 2015: 21-25

scholarly journals Snakebite Outcome Study in Far west Provincial Hospital Of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sher Bahadur Kamar ◽  
Kapil Amgain ◽  
Laxman Bhusal ◽  
Kiran Kumar Khanal ◽  
Shureshraman Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Provincial Hospital ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
The Status ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
One Year ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: Snakebite is well known medical emergencies and cause of hospital admission with significant mortality in our country. Objective of this study is to find out the status and outcome of snake bites envenoming management. Methods: This is prospective observational study from 15th April 2018 to 14th April 2019.Data collected all snake bites presented this hospital and observed till discharged, death or referred. Case management was done as per the WHO guideline for the management of snake bite 2016. Permission for study was taken from Medical Superintendent of Seti provincial hospital and informed consent was taken. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2007 and analyzed using latest version of SPSS version and appropriate descriptive statistical tools. Results:  A total of 362 snakebites were landed in the emergency of this hospital during one year period among them 71% non-poisonous and 29% poisonous snake bites. There were 17 deaths (case fatality rate 12%). Among poisonous Krait 36 % were identified snakes and half could not. Major features of envenoming were ptosis,nausea,vomiting and pain abdomen, parotid tenderness, numbness and blister and bleeding in bitten parts. Almost all 86% poisonous bites got 100ml snake venom antiserum. Few cases required additional 10 vials (100ml) and 13.5% required ventilation for respiratory paralysis.  There was no mortality in Intensive Care Unit and ward. Conclusions: Snake bite is the seasonal life-threatening emergency public health problem; significant numbers of snakebite and mortality but timely intervention has excellent outcome. Community awareness and strengthening health systems are major activities to be done.

scholarly journals A hospital based study on snake bite poisoning in adults in the western region of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
V P Poudyal ◽  
K M Paudal ◽  
N B Rana ◽  
S Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Management Guideline ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
June July

Snake bite poisoning is an emergency condition with significant morbidity and mortality. It is more prevalent in Terai and Inner Terai regions of Nepal especially during monsoon season. There is no study on snake bite poisoning in adults in this part of the country after the introduction of national snake bite management guideline in 2003. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the clinico-epidemiological profile, amount of anti-snake venom used and outcome of snake bites. Six hundred and thirty eight cases of snake bite poisoning above the age of 15 years admitted in emergency department of the hospital, over a period of 6 years from 2004/2005 to 2009/2010 were evaluated retrospectively. The study showed almost equal numbers of bites in males and females (50.3% vs 49.7%) with two third of victims of 15 to 45 years of age. Most of the poisonings (68%) was seen during June, July and August months corresponding to the monsoon season in Nepal. Majority of the victims could not identify the snakes (45 %).Fingers & hands were bitten in majority cases (43 %). Ptosis was observed in all cases of snake bite poisoning. About 21% of the adults had respiratory distress needing respiratory support. Average ASV used was 21.3 vials. Case fatality rate (CFR) was 11.9% with more fatality on those with respiratory distress. As mortality due to snakebite poisoning and consumption of antisnake venom is still high with the use of national protocol 2003, further study to evaluate alternate protocol is recommended. 

scholarly journals Clinical profile and outcome of snake bite in children admitted in a tertiary care institute in the metropolitan city of Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2295
Author(s):  
Shivaprakash Sosale Chandrashekaraswamy ◽  
Deepthy Verghese ◽  
Chikkanarasa Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Snake Bites

Background: Snake bite is a major medical and public health problem in tropical agricultural world. A high incidence of snake bite envenomation has been reported from rural India, many times the incidence is underestimated due to lack of epidemiological information. The present study analyses the age, mode of presentation, seasonal variation, clinical profile, management and outcome of patients with snake bite in below 18 years of age group of a metropolitan city, India.Methods: This study is a retrospective single centre study conducted in government referral hospital in Bangalore from January 2016 to January 2020 including 53 patients, who presented with a history of snake bite. Clinical data about age, sex, clinical manifestations, complications, management and outcome were analysed.Results: In our study including of 53 patients, maximum snake bites incidents were noted in age group of 6-10 years (47.16%) of the rural population with male predominance (83.01%). Most of the bites occurred during monsoon season (54.71%) in evening time. Bite marks were observed mainly on lower limbs in 71.69% of patients. Tourniquet was the commonly used first aid care (67.92%). Most of the bites were vasculotoxic in (75.47%) followed by neuroparalytic in 15 patients (9.43%) and maximum cases responded to 20 vials of ante venom. Mortality was nil.Conclusions: Snake bite is a life-threatening emergency. The key in minimizing mortality and severe morbidity is aggressive management of sick patient and timely as well as judicious administration of ante snake venom. There is a requirement to sensitize the general public and healthcare personnel on preventive measures, emergency care and treatment of snake bites. The serious clinical features of snake bite warrant early referral and management in tertiary care centers.

scholarly journals Clinical profile and outcome of snake bite in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Rajkumar M. Meshram ◽  
C. M. Bokade ◽  
Saira Merchant ◽  
Swapnil Bhongade
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Blood Product Transfusion ◽  
Snake Bites

Background: Snake bite is generally considered to be a rural problem and has been linked with environmental and occupational condition is a neglected public health problem. This study was conducted to ascertain clinical profile, complication and outcome of snake bite in pediatric population. Methods:Retrospective observational study was done in paediatrics wards and Paediatric Intensive care unit of tertiary care institute. A medical record files of 80 patients of snakebite, between the periods of January 2011 to February 2016 were recovered from Medical Record and Statistics Section of Institute. Files were analyzed for demographic data; variables included site of bite, time of bite, type of primary treatment and treatment provider, and type of snake poison, common symptoms suggestive of hematotoxicity, myotoxicity and neurotoxicity.Results: Out of total 80 patients, 58.75% were male and most of snake bites were seen in age group of 6-12 years. Clinically 57.5% patients were presented with signs and symptoms of envenomation and most of them were bitten during the months of June to September. All bites were nonprovocative and in 57.5% lower limb was the commonest site of bite. A 77.5% patient were primarily treated by medical personnel, 56.25% patients were received treatment within 1 hour of bite and hospitalized within 6 hours of bite. Coagulation failure was commonest complication (58.33%) followed by hypotension (25%) in vasculotoxic snake bite and respiratory paralysis (68.18%) in neuroparalytic bites. Renal replacement therapy was required in 5%, blood/blood product transfusion in 11% patients and case fatality rate was 11.25%.Conclusions: The most vulnerable to snake bites are boys aged more than 5 years. There is an urgent need to spread awareness among the community for avoidance of traditional treatment and any delay in medical intervention in snakebite incidents.

scholarly journals Characteristics of snake envenomation in eastern India, a study of epidemiology, complications and interventions

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Sudeb Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Snake Envenomation ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Complications And Mortality ◽  
Annual Mortality

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Snake bite is an important public health problem in the tropics. The annual mortality rate in India is 15000-20000 due to snake envenomation. This study intended to analyze the characteristics of snake envenomation in detail in current time.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Total 122 cases of snake bite with features of envenomation who were admitted in our hospital in last 2 years were evaluated with detailed analysis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Significant association (p&lt;0.05) (p=0.0029 at the degree of freedom 1) was found between time of AVS administration and development of ARF and/or RP. Patients receiving AVS at or after 6 hours were more likely to develop acute renal failure (ARF) and respiratory paralysis (RP) compared to patients receiving AVS before 6 hours.  </p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Timely detection and early intervention by AVS can prevent dangerous complications and mortality of snake bites.

scholarly journals A prospective study on clinico-epidemiological profile and outcome in management of poisonous snake bite

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Laxmi K. Gupta ◽  
Lokendra B. Chand ◽  
Ramesh Chaudhary ◽  
Sabin Ranpal
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Snake bite is a major health problem in Nepal. According to WHO, annual morbidity due to snake bite is 162 out of 100,000 people in Nepal. Aim of the study is to observe epidemiology, clinical features, and analysis of possible relationship between time delay in administration of anti-snake venom (ASV) and mortality. Methods: This prospective observational study analyses the data of 81 patients admitted to the Lumbini zonal hospital, Butwal, Rupandehi, Nepal with history of snake bite between April to September, 2017.Results: In this study 56% patients were female. Patients of age group (15-30) years were maximum (38.27%). The study showed that 50.61% of snake bites were occurred outside home. Most of patients (84%) were from the Terai region. Average no. of vials used per case was (28±10) vials. Most of victims of snake bite were from rural areas. In most of cases we found that prothrombin time was prolonged. It was found that most of patients 57% reach hospital before 4 hours of snake bite. The mean days of hospital stay was 6±2.86. Most of case of snake bite was unknown (62%). The mortality rate in this study was 6.17%.Conclusions: There is a great need to improve in existing health care conditions for effective management of snake bite; it requires training of the personnel engaged in the emergency health care management, development of national guidelines based on the clinical trials, improving the distribution and easy availability of antivenom. 

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological profile of hypertensive patients at the primary health care level in the state of Alagoas

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-357
Author(s):  
Raphaela Costa Ferreira ◽  
Bruna Merten Padilha ◽  
Yasmin Eugênia Santos e Silva Pedrosa ◽  
Rosielle Batista Ferreira ◽  
Poliana Coelho Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Study design: This was a cross-sectional, population-based and descriptive study. Study objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of hypertensive patients at the primary health care of Alagoas state. Methods: This study was carried out in the Basic Health Units of 12 cities of Alagoas, between 2014 and 2015, with hypertensive individuals between 20 and 60 years, of both gender. Socioeconomic, demographic, clinical, lifestyle, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by Epi-Info version 7. Results: We evaluated 645 individuals. Of these, 86.2% were women, 62.3% had uncontrolled blood pressure, 41.9% had low educational level, 11.1% were smokers, 26.3% were alcohol users, 64.7% were sedentary, 48.4% were obese, 73.6% had high cardiovascular risk, according to waist circumference; 54.4% and 47.2% had elevated total cholesterol and triglycerides, respectively. Conclusion: Since hypertension is an important public health problem that has serious consequences, the knowledge of the hypertensive population profile of Alagoas will facilitate the treatment for the health of patients with this condition.

scholarly journals Ocular manifestations of snake bites in a tertiary care hospital in rural Northern Kerala, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Twinkle Ann George ◽  
Asha A. V. ◽  
Risha Ravindran ◽  
Latha N. V.
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Capillary Leak Syndrome ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Capillary Leak ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Snake Bites

Background: Snake bite is a neglected public health problem worldwide especially in the tropics. Studies on ocular manifestations are still fragmentary. The objective of the study was to find ocular manifestations among the snake bite cases with systemic envenomation admitted in the intensive care units in a tertiary care hospital in rural North Kerala, India during a period of 4 years from May 2012 to May 2016.Methods: It was a prospective, observational, cross sectional study. Institutional ethical committee approval was obtained for the study. A descriptive analysis of snake bite cases with systemic envenomation was done.  Other snake bites are excluded from the study. Patients who needed ophthalmological opinion for ocular symptoms were analyzed.Results: Total suspected snake bites admitted in ICUs during the study period were 638. Only 7 patients (1%) with haematotoxic envenomation needed ophthalmological opinion for ocular symptoms. Patients in the present study ranged between the age of 11 and 53. Ocular lesions diagnosed among the 6 patients who developed capillary leak syndrome, were bilateral angle closure glaucoma in 3 patients, pan uveitis, disc edema and retinal haemorrhages in 2 patients, bilateral macular oedema. Youngest patient had intracranial haemorrhage and bilateral orbital hemorrhage, leading to exposure keratitis. SAV was administered in all patients ranging from 11-30 vials. All the patients except the patient with orbital haemorrhage had a grave prognosis. Still only one of these patients expired on day 3, rest all patients had better vision and survived due to timely management.Conclusions: A timely intervention especially at the initial presentation of capillary leak syndrome, can decrease the morbidity and save the life of a patient.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of people affected by tuberculosis in Campina Grande - PB, between 2014 and 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-300
Author(s):  
Francisco Patricio De Andrade Júnior ◽  
Januse Míllia Dantas de Araújo ◽  
Laisa Vilar Vilar Cordeiro ◽  
Egberto Santos Santos Carmo ◽  
Vanessa Santos de Arruda Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Immunosuppressive Factors

Introduction: tuberculosis is a bacteriosis caused by the etiological agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which initially affects the lungs, however it can become extrapulmonary. Although this infection is an important public health problem in Brazil, epidemiological studies on this disease are scarce. Objective: thus, the present study aimed to elucidate the epidemiological profile of people affected by tuberculosis in Campina Grande – PB, between the years 2014 to 2018. Methodology: this is an epidemiological, retrospective, analytical and documentary study, in which data were collected from the Department of Informatics of the “Sistema Único de Saúde”. Results: Between 2014 and 2018, 795 cases of tuberculosis were reported in Campina Grande-PB, with 2018 having the highest number of cases (24.6%). The epidemiological profile of those affected was predominantly male, aged 20 to 39 years, with low schooling, mixed race and residents of the urban area. When associating sex with immunosuppressive factors, a statistically significant association was observed between, HIV, the state of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and alcoholism (p <0.05). Conclusion: in this way, the data of this research can guide the development of indicators and public policiesfor the most susceptible population.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Cândido de Souza ◽  
Ricardo Santos de Oliveira ◽  
Francisco de Assis Carvalho do Vale ◽  
Matheus Fernando Manzolli Ballestero
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Pediatric Tbi

Background: Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious social and economic problem. Emerging countries have 89% of the cases worldwide and lack relevant epidemiological studies on the subject. Objectives: Characterize the demographic, social and economic profiles of the pediatric population suffering TBI in Brazil. Methods: Data on the cases of pediatric TBI in Brazil between 2008 and 2020 were collected through the computer department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) maintained by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results: There are about 28,836 hospital admissions due to pediatric TBI per year and an incidence of 45.11 admissions /100,000/year. The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.47/100,000/year, and the case fatality rate was 3.26%. The average annual cost of hospital expenses was US$ 12.311.759, with the average admission cost having a value of US $417. The 15–19 age group was the most frequently admitted to hospital for pediatric TBI and had the highest number of in- hospital deaths; in addition, more males were affected by this trauma compared to females at a rate of 2.31:1. Ethnic populations that are social minorities are more susceptible to a poor prognosis of TBI. Conclusion: Pediatric TBI should be recognized as an important public health problem in Brazil, as it is responsible for considerable social and economic costs. Public policies that reduce the causes of this type of trauma in the pediatric population are urgently needed in Brazil and other emerging countries.

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