scholarly journals Participatory Evaluation of Some Tomato Genotypes for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram D. Timila ◽  
Sharada Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Participatory Evaluation ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Development Center

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Smith is one of the destructive diseases of tomato. Experiments were conducted to confirm the resistance and to evaluate varieties received from Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center against bacterial wilt disease in the farmers’ bacterial wilt sick fields at Thaiba and at Panchkhal during 1999 and 2000-2001 respectively. A total of five varieties such as CLN 2026 C, CLN 2026 D, CLN 1466 J, CLN 1466 P and susceptible check Lapsigede or L 390 were included in the experiments. Randomized complete block design with 4 replications was commenced at both the locations. In terms of disease incidence and yield parameters as well as consumers’ preference on the fruit size, CLN 2026 C was found the best variety followed by CLN 2026 D. Wilt incidence was significantly lower in those varieties showing resistant reaction than in susceptible check. However, the marketable fruit yields were significantly higher with low wilt incidences in CLN 1466 P and CLN 1466 J also compared to susceptible check. But the large fruit size of those varieties was not acceptable to the consumers and the  growers. Thus, CLN 2026 C and CLN 2026 D could be used as resistant variety to minimize crop losses from bacterial wilt disease.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 50-55DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11580

scholarly journals Effect of Bacillus and Trichoderma species in the management of the bacterial wilt of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) in the field

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline K. Kariuki ◽  
Eunice W. Mutitu ◽  
William M. Muiru
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Abstract Background Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most devastating diseases in tomato cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bacillus and Trichoderma isolates to manage the bacterial wilt disease. Main body of the abstract Field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design at Mwea and Kabete sites in Kenya. The treatments included 3 Trichoderma; 2 Bacillus isolates; a mixture of T1, T2, and T4; chemical standard; and distilled water as control. Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates were grown on sterilized sorghum grain and cow manure carriers respectively. Antagonist’s inoculation was carried out by dipping tomato plants for 30 min in each treatment suspension. Each treatment was then applied at a rate of 150 ml/plant hole and this was repeated after 35 days. All the treatments significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence and severity at P ≤ 0.05 than the control at both sites. Trichoderma isolate T1, followed by Bacillus isolate CB64, was the best in reducing the disease incidence by more than 61.66 and 53%, respectively at both sites. Treatment CB64 and T1 had the highest reduction of R. solanacearum population in the soil by 93.17 and 92.07%, respectively. However, control had a pathogen increase of 20.40%. CB64 and T1 performed significantly better compared to the standard, while the mixture of isolates T1, T2, and T4 performed the poorest in all parameters. The treatments also increased the yield of tomato. Short conclusion Results from this study showed that Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates are effective biological control agents for use in management of bacterial wilt.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Genotipe Tomat Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma di Dataran Rendah

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Muhammad Roiyan Romadhon ◽  
Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo ◽  
Dan Siti Marwiyah
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Yield Trial ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
Low Altitude

<p><em></em><em>ABSTRACT<br /><br />Bacterial wilt and fruit cracking are serious problems in tomatoes cultivation in the lowland area. This research aimed to evaluate the yield of M4 generation of tomatoes in the field and the incidence of bacterial wilt disease and fruit cracking in low altitude. The research was conducted at the IPB Experimental Field in Leuwikopo, Dramaga, Bogor, from December 2015 to April 2016. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replications. The material consisted of 15 M4 genotypes and two controls (Berlian and Kefaminano 6). The results showed that genotype of M4/495 Lombok 1-9-2 (U2) has high  productivity. Genotype M4/990 Lombok 1-5-1 (U1) has  high weight  per fruit and resistant to fruit cracking. Genotype M4/495 GL2-8-10 (U2), M4/495 Kemir 1- 4-7 (U3), M4/495 STBGL 1-2-3 (U1) M4/990 Lombok 1-5-1 (U1), and  M4/495 STBGL 1-2-9 (U1) have the lowest incidence of bacterial wilt (0.00%). Two genotypes which have high productivity and resistant to fruit cracking are M4/495 Lombok 1-9-2 (U2) and M4/990 Lombok 1-5-1 (U1), and to be evaluated in a preliminary yield trial.<br /><br />Keywords: bacterial wilt, fruit cracking, genotype, yield<br /><br /></em></p>

scholarly journals Respon Beberapa Genotipe Kacang Tanah terhadap Penyakit Layu Bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum) di Rumah Kaca

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Yadi Suryadi ◽  
Sri A. Rais
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Phenotypic Character ◽  
Wilt Symptom ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Peptone Medium

<p>The objective of the study was to evaluate resistance response of groundnut genotypes against bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) in the green house of Biochemistry Department, ICABIOGRAD, Bogor. Ralstonia solanacearum isolate was obtained from groundnut plant showing wilt symptom, collected from Karadenan village (Cibinong). Preparation of bacterial RS inoculum was done using SP (sucrose peptone) medium. Groundnut plants were inoculated by RS isolate using inoculum capacity of 107 cfu/ml. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisted of seven treatments with four replications, whilst Tupai and Kelinci genotypes were used as resistant and susceptible control check, respectively. The result indicated that groundnut genotypes i.e. ICGV 88262, Local Sindangbarang, PI 203395, ICG 10067, and ICG 3400, showed resistant response against bacterial wilt causing wilt damage of &lt;20%. Bacterial wilt disease could affect reductions of some groundnut phenotypic character. The plant height of resistant groundnut showed relatively tall than that of Kelinci. In addition, it showed the lowest healthy pod yield among the genotypes tested.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari tingkat ketahanan genotipe kacang tanah terhadap penyakit layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum) di rumah kaca Kelompok Peneliti Biokimia BB-Biogen. Isolat R. solanacearum diperoleh dari tanaman kacang tanah yang menunjukkan gejala layu dari Desa Karadenan (Cibinong). Penyiapan dan penyediaan inokulum bakteri R. solanacearum menggunakan media SP (sukrose pepton). Tanaman kacang tanah diinokulasi dengan isolat R. solanacearum dengan kerapatan koloni 107 cfu/ml. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tujuh perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Untuk pembanding tahan dan rentan masing-masing digunakan genotipe Tupai dan Kelinci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe ICGV 88262, lokal Sindangbarang, PI 203395, ICG 10067, dan ICG 3400 tahan terhadap penyakit layu bakteri dengan nilai kerusakan &lt;20%. Penyakit layu bakteri berpengaruh terhadap penurunan beberapa karakter fenotipik kacang tanah, di mana tanaman genotipe kacang tanah tahan PLB relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan genotipe Kelinci. Polong bernas Kelinci paling sedikit di antara semua genotipe uji.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of plantain genotypes for yield and other characters

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
N Ara ◽  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
R Khatoon ◽  
M Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Better Than

An experiment was carried out at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna during 2013-15, with eleven genotypes of plantain to evaluate their performances for yield attributes, yield and quality characters. The genotypes included in this investigation were MP001, MP002, MP003, MP006, MP007, MP015, MP018, MP024, MP025, ISD002 and BARI Kola-2 as check. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotype MP002 produced the maximum number of fingers/bunch (105.67) closely followed by BARI Kola-2 (103.00) and MP015 (101.00). Both the genotypes MP024 and MP025 showed the highest fruit length (21.70 cm), but ISD002 gave the maximum fruit girth (16.78 cm), which was statistically similar with that of MP003 (16.30 cm) and MP024 (16.33 cm). The highest yield and the maximum number of hands were produced by the genotype MP024 (47.81 t/ha and (8.33/bunch) followed by MP015 (36.70 t/ha and 6.33/bunch). Fingers of the genotypes required boiling time in the range of 20.00 min (MP001) to 15.00 min (BARI Kola-2). Flesh of all genotypes possesses pleasant aroma except MP002, MP003 and ISD002. Among the eleven genotypes MP001, MP006, MP007, MP008, MP015 and MP024 were found better when cooked as smashed. The genotype ISD002 took the maximum time (467.33 days) to reach the edible maturity stage of fruits whereas MP024 required the minimum (339.00 days). The genotypes MP015 and MP024 performed better than BARI Kola-2 in respect of bunch weight, fruit size, productivity index, yield, sucker production and qualitative characters.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(1): 71-80, March 2018

scholarly journals Control of Armyworms on Bell Pepper in West-Central Florida, Fall 1993

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
David J. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Fruit Wall ◽  
Pepper Weevil ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Abstract Transplants were set 10 Sep 12 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single row of 12 plants with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 28 Sep, 4, 11, 18, 25 Oct, 3, 10, 15, 22, 29 Nov, 6, 13, 20, 27 Dec, 5, 11, 19, and 26 Jan. The sprayer was outfitted with a single nozzle with a D-5 disk and #45 core and delivered 100 gpa at 60 psi. On 22 Oct and 15 Nov, each plot was rated for increasing percentage of defoliation by beet armyworm larvae using the Horsfall-Barratt scale. With this scale, ratings of 1-12 corresponded to 1-100% defoliation. Fruit were harvested on 18, 30, Nov, 9, 23 Dec, 6 Jan, and 2 Feb and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by beet armyworm larvae were determined, fruit with slight feeding damage only on the stem or calyx were considered marketable. Fruit with any damage on the fruit wall were considered unmarketable. Fruit also were examined for the presence of oviposition scars on the outside of the fruit and for the presence of larval feeding damage on the inside of the fruit caused by the pepper weevil.

scholarly journals Altering Transplantation Time to Avoid Periods of High Temperature Can Efficiently Reduce Bacterial Wilt Disease Incidence with Tomato

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0139313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Wei ◽  
Jian-Feng Huang ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Yi-An Gu ◽  
Chun-Lan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS IN INDUCING PLANT RESISTANCE ON GINGER AGAINST BACTERIAL WILT DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
SRI YUNI HARTATI ◽  
SUPRIADI SUPRIADI ◽  
SRI RAHAYUNINGSIH
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

ABSTRACT<br />Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most<br />destructive diseases on ginger. The aim of this study was to evaluate the<br />potential use of five different medicinal plants extracts (Acalypha indica,<br />Andrographis paniculata, Centella asiatica, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and<br />Spinosa oleracea) as sources of plant resistance inducer compounds<br />(elicitor) against bacterial wilt disease on ginger. Salicylic acid was used<br />as a standard synthetical compound, as well as, water as a control<br />treatment. The study was conducted at the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal<br />Crops Research Institute, Bogor in 2010-2011. Research was conducted in<br />Completely Randomized Design that consisted of 7 treatments, 3<br />replicates, and 10 plants/ replicate. Ginger seeds were planted in a mixture<br />of soil and manure in polybags. One-month old ginger plants were sprayed<br />or drenched with each of the medicinal plant extract before and after R.<br />solanacearum inoculation. This experiment indicated that the medicinal<br />plant extracts tested were effective in reducing wilt disease incidence on<br />ginger. Their effectiveness varied depended on the plant species and the<br />application method used. Among those five medicinal plant extracts tested,<br />A. indica, A. paniculata, and C. xanthorrhiza were the most stable and<br />effective.  Their  effectiveness  were  comparable  with  the  standard<br />compound of salicylic acid. This finding indicated that A. indica, A.<br />paniculata, and C. xanthorrhiza were potentially used as sources of<br />botanical elicitor compounds. The use of those medicinal plant extracts as<br />sources of botanical elicitor, hopefully could increase ginger resistance and<br />rhizome production, as well as reduce the use of synthetic pesticides.<br />Keywords:  Medicinal  plant  extracts,  elicitor  compounds,  induced<br />resistance, ginger, wilt disease<br />ABSTRAK<br />Layu  bakteri  yang  disebabkan  oleh  Ralstonia  solanacearum<br />merupakan salah satu penyakit yang merusak tanaman jahe. Penelitian ini<br />bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi lima jenis ekstrak tanaman obat<br />(akar kucing, sambiloto, pegagan, temulawak, dan bayam duri) sebagai<br />sumber senyawa penginduksi ketahanan (elisitor) tanaman jahe terhadap<br />penyakit layu. Pada penelitian ini digunakan asam salisilat sebagai<br />senyawa sintetik standard dan air sebagai perlakuan kontrol. Penelitian<br />dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor pada<br />tahun  2010-2011.  Percobaan  dilaksanakan  dengan  menggunakan<br />rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas 7 perlakuan, 3 ulangan, dan 10<br />tanaman/ ulangan. Rimpang jahe ditanam pada media campuran tanah dan<br />pupuk kandang di dalam polibeg. Jahe umur satu bulan disemprot atau<br />disiram dengan ekstrak tanaman obat sebelum dan setelah diinokulasi R.<br />solanacearum. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak tanaman<br />obat yang diuji efektif dapat mengurangi kejadian penyakit layu pada<br />tanaman jahe. Efektivitas dari tanaman tersebut bervariasi tergantung dari<br />spesies tanaman dan cara aplikasinya. Diantara kelima tanaman obat yang<br />diuji, akar kucing, sambiloto, dan temulawak paling stabil dan efektif<br />dalam mengurangi terjadinya penyakit layu. Efektivitas dari ketiga<br />tanaman obat tersebut sama dengan senyawa asam salisilat. Hasil<br />penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akar kucing, sambiloto, dan temulawak<br />berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai sumber senyawa elisitor botanis.<br />Penggunaan  ekstrak tanaman  obat  sebagai  sumber  elisitor  botanis<br />diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman dan produksi jahe<br />serta mengurangi penggunaan pestisida sintetik.<br />Kata kunci: Ekstrak tanaman, senyawa elisitor, induksi ketahanan, jahe,<br />penyakit layu.

scholarly journals EXPLOITATION OF NEW CHEMISTRY FUNGICIDES AGAINST CHARCOAL ROT OF SESAME CAUSED BY MACROPHOMINA PHASIOLINA IN PAKISTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad R. Bashir ◽  
Abid Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Muhammad A. Zeshan ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fungal Colony

The current research was conducted to find out the most appropriate concentrations of six fungicides for the management of sesame charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina under lab and field conditions. The treatments viz. Antracol, Topsin-M, Mancozeb, Score, Topas, Nativo and Control with concentrations of 150, 250 and 350ppm were used with three replications under completely randomized design and randomized complete block design in Lab. and field conditions respectively. The mean colony growth of all treatments expressed that Nativo exhibited minimum colony growth of (0.93 cm) as compared to Score (1.14 cm), Topsin-M (1.42 cm), Mancozeb (1.77 cm), Antracol (2.04 cm), Topass (2.33 cm) correspondingly. The interaction between treatments and concentrations (T×C) showed that  used concentrations 150 ppm, 250 ppm and 350 ppm of Nativo abundantly inhibit fungal colony growth upto 1.26 cm, 0.86 cm and 0.66 cm respectively whereas the interaction between treatments and days expressed that after day ninth the minimum colony growth (1.23 cm) was observed for Nativo as compared to all other treatments. Similarly, the interaction between concentrations and days expressed highest fungal colony growth at concentration 150 ppm on day third (2.06 cm), sixth (3.02 cm) and ninth (3.65 cm) but the interaction of treatments, days and concentrations expressed that at 150 ppm concentration, all treatments exhibited minimum colony growth (1.70 to 3.30) cm at third, sixth and ninth day as compared to 250 and 350 ppm concentration respectively with respect to control (6.90 cm). In filed conditions, Nativo exhibited minimum Mean Disease Incidence (12.55%) whereas the interaction between treatments and days showed minimum of 14.95%, 12.82% and 9.90% disease incidence by Nativo as compared to all other treatments including control (66.86%, 77.57% and 87.22%) after day tenth, twenty and thirty. It was concluded that Nativo is significantly inhibiting the colony growth under lab and filed conditions.

scholarly journals PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI NILAM MENGGUNAKAN PSEUDOMONAD FLUORESEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
NASRUN NASRUN ◽  
CHRISTANTI CHRISTANTI ◽  
TRIWIDODO ARWIYANTO ◽  
IKA MARISKA
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonad ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Penelitian pengendalian penyakit layu bakteri nilam (Ralstonia<br />solanacearum) menggunakan pseudomonad fluoresen di kebun petani<br />nilam Desa Situak Pasaman Barat, Sumatera Barat telah dilakukan pada<br />bulan Oktober 2003 sampai dengan Juni 2004. Penelitian ini bertujuan<br />untuk mendapatkan pseudomonad fluoresen yang berpotensi untuk<br />mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri, dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan<br />dan produksi nilam. Isolat pseudomonad fluoresen Pf 63, Pf 90, Pf 91, Pf<br />147, dan Pf 180 sebagai perlakuan diisolasi dari rizosfer nilam sehat, dan<br />diseleksi  berdasarkan  kemampuan  antagonistik  terhadap  R.<br />solanacearum secara in vitro di Laboratorium Bakteriologi Tumbuhan<br />Fakultas Pertanian UGM. Isolat pseudomonad fluoresen tersebut<br />diintroduksikan ke nilam dan diadaptasikan selama 1 minggu sebelum<br />ditanam. Tanaman yang telah diperlakukan dengan isolat pseudomonad<br />fluoresen ditanam pada kebun yang telah terinfeksi dengan patogen pada<br />bulan Oktober 2003. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok<br />(RAK) dengan 6 ulangan. Parameter pengamatan adalah masa inkubasi,<br />intensitas penyakit, pertumbuhan tanaman dan produksi minyak nilam.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat pseudomonad fluoresen<br />dapat mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri dengan perpanjangan masa<br />inkubasi 6-52 hari dan penekanan intensitas penyakit 31,11 – 50,56%.<br />Disamping itu isolat pseudomonad fluoresen dapat mempengaruhi<br />peningkatan pertumbuhan tanaman yaitu tinggi tanaman (6,7 – 26,3 cm),<br />jumlah daun (4,6 – 30,1 daun/tanaman) dan berat kering daun (24,5 –<br />154,3 g/tanaman), dan produksi minyak nilam terutama jumlah minyak<br />(4,8 – 22,3 ml/tanaman). Hasil percobaan ini menunjukkan bahwa isolat<br />Pf 91 mempunyai kemampuan antagonistik tertinggi dalam mengen-<br />dalikan penyakit layu bakteri di lapangan.<br />Kata kunci : Nilam, Pogostemon cablin Benth, penyakit layu, bakteri,<br />pengendalian hayati, pseudomonad fluoresen</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Controlling bacterial wilt disease on patchouli plant with<br />fluorescent pseudomonad<br />The study of controlling bacterial wilt disease on patchouli plant<br />(Ralstonia solanacearum) with fluorescent pseudomonad was carried out<br />in a farmer’s field in Situak Village West Pasaman, West Sumatera from<br />October 2003 to June 2004. The aims of the study were to find out the<br />effectiveness of fluorescent pseudomonad for controlling bacterial wilt<br />disease, increasing plant growth and production. Isolates of fluorescent<br />pseudomonad Pf 63, Pf 90, Pf 91, Pf 147 and Pf 180 as treatments were<br />isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy patchouli plant, and selected<br />based on antagonistic activity on R. solanacearum in vitro at the<br />Laboratory of Plant Bacteriology, Faculty of Agriculture, UGM. The<br />isolates were inoculated on patchouli plant and adapted for one week<br />before planting. The plants treated with fluorescent pseudomonad<br />isolates were planted in the field infected with pathogen on October<br />2003. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design<br />(RBD) with six replications. The assessment parameters were incubation<br />period, disease intensity, plant growth and production of patchouli plants.<br />The results showed that fluorescent pseudomonad isolates could control<br />the bacterial wilt disease and delay the incubation period 6-52 days and<br />decrease the disease intensity 31,11–50,56%. In addition fluorescent<br />pseudomonad isolates could affect the increase of plant growth, i.e. plant<br />height ( 6,7 – 26,3 cm ), leaf numbers (4,6 – 30,1 leaves/plant) and dry<br />weight of leaves (24,5 – 154,3 g/plant), and plant production, especially<br />oil content (4,8 – 22,3 ml/plant). The results of the experiment showed<br />that Pf 91 isolate had the highest antagonistic activity on controlling the<br />bacterial wilt disease on field.<br />Key words : Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin Benth, wilt disease,<br />bacterial, biological control, fluorescent pseudomonad</p>

scholarly journals Participatory Evaluation and Yield Determination of Climate-smart Brachiaria Grasses for Improving Livestock Production among the Farmers in Embu and Meru Counties

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Catherine Muriithi ◽  
Beatrice Nganga ◽  
Eliud Kagete ◽  
Donald Njarui ◽  
Alfred Micheni
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Participatory Evaluation ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Yield Determination ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Short Rains

Aims: To introduce brachiaria grasses in Meru and Embu Counties to increase the range of fodder/forage varieties available to smallholders through the use of climate-smart brachiaria grasses for increased income. The project also aimed at identifying the best brachiaria varieties suitable for the target Agro-Ecological ones through evaluation by the farmers and yield assessment. Study Design:  Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Embu and Meru Counties during the short rains of 2015. Methodology: Three varieties of brachiaria were introduced in the short rains of 2015 in KALRO Embu, Geeto Igoji in Meru, and Embu County. These were Brachiaria decumbense -Cultivar Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha- Cultivar BRS Piata and Brachiaria brizantha- Cultivar Toledo. Plots of 5x5m were planted and replicated three times using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to increase the range of fodder/forage varieties available to smallholder and assess the yield and acceptability of the different brachiaria grasses varieties. The three varieties were planted in the mega demonstration sites. The grass performance was analyzed through pairwise ranking and the grass with the best attributes was selected. Yield data was also collected. Results: After ranking, the results indicated that the rate of growth and the amount of biomass as the most important attributes followed by the animals' response after feeding and the rate of rejuvenation after harvesting respectively. Using the attributes, the group members concluded that Brachiaria decumbense- Cultivar basilisk was the best followed by brachiaria brizantha- Cultivar piata and finally brachiaria brizantha- Cultivar Toledo. Conclusion: In conclusion, based on the attributes, the best brachiaria varieties for use in Embu and Meru Countries are Brachiaria decumbense –Cultivar Basilisk and Brachiaria brizantha- Cultivar Toledo. Based on yield, Brachiaria brizantha- Cultivar Toledo is the best in Embu County while Brachiaria brizantha- Cultivar Basilisk is the best in Meru County.

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