scholarly journals Prevalence of Skin Diseases in Kavre District, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
D Karn ◽  
R Khatri ◽  
M Timalsina
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Pigmentary Disorders ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Prevalent Disease

Background Skin is the major interface of human to the environment . It is the major susceptible organ for any disease. Wide prevalence of skin diseases in the community is a well established fact. Objectve The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of skin diseases among the general population of Kavre District,Nepal . Methods This is a hospital based, retrospective study done among all the patients visiting Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital, in Dhulikhel, Kavre during the year 2007-2008 AD. Data were obtained from the hospital out-patient records and analyzed. The total number of patients who visited the hospital were 74,279 (male-30,809 female- 43,470), out of which 7374 (9 .92 %), male 4155, female 3219, visited the Dermatology Department. Among this total study population now comparative study of the prevalence of skin diseases was performed based on sex, age and type of dermatological condition. Results The overall prevalence of skin diseases were 9.92% with slight higher rates seen among males ( 56.34 %) than females (43.65 %).Non-infective conditions , 6063 ( 82.22% ) outweighed infective conditions 1311 (17.78 %), commonest one being the pigmentary disorders (32.56 %) and in the age group 16-35 years old (31.23% ). Conclusion This study demonstrates that skin diseases are one of the most prevalent disease condition among the general population, representing a major public health problem. Keywords Prevalence; infective diseases; non-infective diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v9i1.5761 NJDVL 2010; 9(1): 7-9

scholarly journals Prevalence of STHs (Soil transmitted helminthes) of school children in Sadar upazila, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Md Mahamudur Rahman ◽  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
Shyamal Kumar Paul ◽  
Salma Ahmed ◽  
Md Murshed Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Mcmaster Method

Soil transmitted helminthes (STHs) infections are common throughout the tropics and subtropics and represents a major public health problem in developing countries. The rate of STHs infection found in the present study was very high in comparison to other countries of this Subcontinent, though they are taking antihelmintics every 6 months interval under Government National Health Program. The present study was carried out to see the Prevalence of STHs infection among the school children in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total of 500 stool samples from healthy individuals were collected during April, 2012 to February, 2013 from 20 schools comprising 10 rural and 10 urbans under Sadar upazila, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The samples were examined in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College using saline and iodine preparation microscopy and McMaster technique for the detection of ova of STHs.  The STHs prevalence irrespective of the age and sex of the individuals were 37.0% (185) out of 500 specimens where 68.0% (340/500) individuals were male represents the prevalence 38.0% (129/340) and 32.0% (160/500) individuals were female represents the prevalence 35.0% (56/160). Majority of the cases belonged to the age group >5-10 years 50.2% (251/500) of the total, constituted the prevalence 20.2% (101/500) of the total population and 40.2% (101/251) of the individual age group. The distribution of different STHs with their prevalence in the study population where Ascaris lumbricoides (AL) was 63.8% (118), Trichuris trichiura (TT) 37.3% (69), Enterobius vermicularis (EV) 8.1% (15), Ancylostoma duodenale (AD) 7.5% (14), and mixed infection was 15.1% (28). The upper socio-economic class constituted 5.0% (25/500) of the total study population with the prevalence of 20.0% (5/25). The middle socio-economic class constituted 50.0% (250/500) of the total study population with the prevalence of 37.2% (93/250) and the lower socio-economic class constituted 45.0% (225/500) of the total study population with the prevalence of 38.6% (87/225). The urban population constituted 34.0% (170/500) of the total population representing the prevalence 31.2 % (53/170) and rural population constituted 66.0% (330/500) of the total population representing the prevalence 40.0% (132/330).  In this study, STHs detection by McMaster method was satisfactory. Thereby, McMaster method could be adapted for rapid detection and quantification of STHs. Moreover, one more frequent administration of antihelmintics with close monitoring of drug administration may reduce the prevalence of STHs infection in Bangladesh. CBMJ 2018 January: Vol. 07 No. 01 P: 04-09

scholarly journals Relation of Sociodemographics and Personal Hygiene on Different Childhood Dermatoses

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
E Gauchan ◽  
A Kumar ◽  
G BK ◽  
P Thapa ◽  
J Pun
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Skin diseases in children contribute to significant morbidity and psychological distress. Infective dermatoses are one of the major dermatoses in children. Low socioeconomic status, overcrowding and poor personal hygiene has been linked to skin diseases.Objective To find out the prevalence of infectious skin disease in children, rate of transmissible skin disease and association of sociodemographic factors and personal hygiene on infective childhood dermatoses.Method This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Pediatric and Dermatology Department, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. A total of 226 patients were examined over a period of one year. Relation of sociodemographics, crowding and personal hygiene on skin disease were assessed.Result The most common category was Infections and Infestations (51.3%) followed by Dermatitis (27.9%) . Transmissible skin disease was seen in 49.6%. Low socioeconomic status and overcrowding were associated with increased risk for infective dermatoses.Conclusion Skin disease in children constitutes a public health problem. Improving the socioeconomic status and personal hygiene can help to reduce the incidence of skin disease in children.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.13(1) 2015; 29-33

scholarly journals Parasite prevalence in a village in Burkina Faso: the contribution of new techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (05) ◽  
pp. 670-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Fortunato ◽  
Barbara Castagna ◽  
Maria Rita Monteleone ◽  
Raffaela Pierro ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Stool Samples

Introduction: Parasites are a major public health problem in developing countries. A coproparasitological and immunoparasitological study was conducted in Burkina Faso, in the rural village of Touguri, in November and December 2011. The coproparasitologic analysis was conducted in the pediatric population and seroprevalence surveys were conducted in the adult population to research intestinal, blood, and helminth parasites. Methodology: The coproparasitologic study was performed on stool samples using two diagnostic methods – standard microscopy and the FLOTAC technique. The total of 49 stool samples analyzed were obtained from children between two months and eleven years of age. The serology study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of P. falciparum, Echinococcus spp., Tenia solium, and A. lumbricoides using different immunological techniques such as ELISA and Western Blot techniques. The study population included 85 adult patients between 15 and 70 years of age. Results: Results of coproparasitological analyses showed Hymenolepis nana as the only helminth found, in 28.6% of the total number of patients. Results of serological evaluation revealed a practically null prevalence of Echinococcus, Taenia solium, and Ascaris lumbricoides, and a 77.64% prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum. Conclusions: Despite the small number (especially in terms of coprological samples) of individuals examined, this study showed that the parasite prevalence in a rural area of Burkina Faso has a significant impact in the general population, particularly in children. Another finding was that FLOTAC had a higher sensitivity than the widely used ethyl ether-based concentration technique for coprological sample analysis.

Psychiatric disorders among asthmatic patients: Literature review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S376-S376
Author(s):  
C.A. Moreira ◽  
A.M. Marinho ◽  
L.C. Gil ◽  
M. Bairrão ◽  
L. Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionAsthma is a major public health problem and its prevalence has increased in both developed and developing countries during the last few years. Once it is a chronic illness, it has also revealed psychological consequences. Moreover, recent studies have suggested an association between asthma (especially of severe grade) and mental disorders.ObjectivesThe authors pretend to make a brief review concerning psychiatric disorders among asthmatic patients.AimsTo understand and to be able to deal with the psychiatric disorders among chronic asthmatic patients.MethodsThe review was based on scientific documentation published in PubMed database, using the following terms as keywords: “asthma”, “depression”, “anxiety” and “panic disorder”.ResultsCompared to the general population, both anxiety and mood disorders rates are at least two times those observed in asthmatic patients. Moreover, certain psychiatric disorders rates, including panic disorder (PD) and major depressive disorder, are as much as six times more prevalent among asthmatics when compared to the general population. The association between psychiatric disorders and poor asthma control and asthma-related quality of life could occur through several pathways, such as behavioural pathways; cognitive or perceptual pathways; or through the direct physiological effects of depression and anxiety on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and immune systems which increase asthma symptomatology.Discussions/ConclusionsThere is a close correlation between anxiety, PD and depression, and a poor controlled asthma. A better understanding of this association may have major clinical implications, mainly in patients with poor controlled asthma in whom the presence of anxiety and depression should be investigated.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Bleeding and Other Presentations in Thai Patients with Dengue Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viroj Wiwanitkit
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chief Complaint ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Bleeding Manifestation

Dengue infection is a major public health problem, affecting the general population in Southeast Asia. Hematologic aberrations in dengue infection include atypical lymphocytosis, coagulopathy, and predominant thrombocytopenia. Bleeding and other presentations in 30 Thai patients with dengue infection during an endemic season (2003) are presented. A review of the clinical presentation of these patients was performed. All had fever as a chief complaint. The three most common complaints were fever (100%), vomiting (90%), and cough (90%), respectively. Concerning bleeding, only eight cases (26.6%) had signs of bleeding. Those manifestations included petechiae (seven cases, 23.3%) and melena (one case, 3.3%). Skin bleeding (petechiae) due to thrombocytopenia is the most common bleeding manifestation in dengue infection. However, physicians should not overlook bleeding from other less common sites such as the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary tract.

scholarly journals A facility and community-based assessment of scabies in rural Malawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009386
Author(s):  
Cristina Galván-Casas ◽  
Oriol Mitjá ◽  
Sara Esteban ◽  
Jacob Kafulafula ◽  
Texon Phiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Outreach Programme

Background Scabies is a neglected tropical disease of the skin, causing severe itching, stigmatizing skin lesions and systemic complications. Since 2015, the DerMalawi project provide an integrated skin diseases clinics and Tele-dermatology care in Malawi. Clinic based data suggested a progressive increase in scabies cases observed. To better identify and treat individuals with scabies in the region, we shifted from a clinic-based model to a community based outreach programme. Methodology/Principal findings From May 2015, DerMalawi project provide integrated skin diseases and Tele-dermatological care in the Nkhotakota and Salima health districts in Malawi. Demographic and clinical data of all patients personally attended are recorded. Due to a progressive increase in the number of cases of scabies the project shifted to a community-based outreach programme. For the community outreach activities, we conducted three visits between 2018 to 2019 and undertook screening in schools and villages of Alinafe Hospital catchment area. Treatment was offered for all the cases and school or household contacts. Scabies increased from 2.9% to 39.2% of all cases seen by the DerMalawi project at clinics between 2015 to 2018. During the community-based activities approximately 50% of the population was assessed in each of three visits. The prevalence of scabies was similar in the first two rounds, 15.4% (2392) at the first visit and 17.2% at the second visit. The prevalence of scabies appeared to be lower (2.4%) at the third visit. The prevalence of impetigo appeared unchanged and was 6.7% at the first visit and 5.2% at the final visit. Conclusions/Significance Prevalence of scabies in our setting was very high suggesting that scabies is a major public health problem in parts of Malawi. Further work is required to more accurately assess the burden of disease and develop appropriate public health strategies for its control.

Abstract 254: Absence of Evidence? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials for In-hospital and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek A Polavarapu ◽  
Shashank A Sinha ◽  
Paul S Chan ◽  
Brahmajee K Nallamothu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Positive Study ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The U.S

Background: Cardiac arrests are a major public health problem worldwide. The extent and types of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) - our most reliable source of clinical evidence - that have been conducted in this patient population are unknown. We performed a systematic review of contemporary RCTs in cardiac arrest, with a focus on determining key differences between In-Hospital Cardiac Arrests (IHCA) and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests (OHCA), which have different epidemiological patterns and disease mechanisms. Methods: A computerized search query of Medline was performed using the terms “cardiac arrest” or “heart arrest” or “cardiopulmonary resuscitation” from 1995 to 2014, yielding a total of 1652 publications. After manual abstract review, 80 RCTs involving either IHCA or OHCA were then identified for inclusion in the final analysis. The following data were ascertained: number of patients, demographic information, blinded vs. unblinded, geography (US/non-US), single vs. multicenter, a positive or negative study outcome, and the type of intervention being studied. Results: There were a total of 80 RCTs with cardiac arrest performed containing 84,500 subjects between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2014. Of these 80 RCTs, only 6 studies with 1143 total subjects involved IHCA whereas 74 studies with 83,357 total subjects pertained to OHCA (Table). All six studies with respect to IHCA were not performed in the U.S. In contrast, eight of the OHCA RCTs were performed both in the U.S. and abroad, 15 of the OHCA RCTs were performed in the U.S., and the remaining 51 studies were performed outside of the U.S. Four of the six IHCA studies were blinded, and two of the six IHCA studies were multicenter studies. In contrast, 29 of the OHCA RCTs were blinded and 39 of the OHCA RCTs were multicenter trials. Only two of the six IHCA RCTs demonstrated a positive study outcome and mortality benefit. Conversely, 39 of the 74 OHCA RCTs reported a positive study outcome but only 15 of the 74 OHCA RCTs had a survival benefit. Conclusion: We found limited evidence of high-quality RCTs in cardiac arrest with a striking paucity of evidence with respect to IHCA. Given key differences between IHCA and OHCA, further RCTs directly investigating IHCA are warranted to elucidate our understanding of the evaluation and management of these high-risk patients.

scholarly journals Problems in Diagnosing Scabies, a Global Disease in Human and Animal Populations

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley F. Walton ◽  
Bart J. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Early Identification ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Animal Populations

SUMMARY Scabies is a worldwide disease and a major public health problem in many developing countries, related primarily to poverty and overcrowding. In remote Aboriginal communities in northern Australia, prevalences of up to 50% among children have been described, despite the availability of effective chemotherapy. Sarcoptic mange is also an important veterinary disease engendering significant morbidity and mortality in wild, domestic, and farmed animals. Scabies is caused by the ectoparasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei burrowing into the host epidermis. Clinical symptoms include intensely itchy lesions that often are a precursor to secondary bacterial pyoderma, septicemia, and, in humans, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Although diagnosed scabies cases can be successfully treated, the rash of the primary infestation takes 4 to 6 weeks to develop, and thus, transmission to others often occurs prior to therapy. In humans, the symptoms of scabies infestations can mimic other dermatological skin diseases, and traditional tests to diagnose scabies are less than 50% accurate. To aid early identification of disease and thus treatment, a simple, cheap, sensitive, and specific test for routine diagnosis of active scabies is essential. Recent developments leading to the expression and purification of S. scabiei recombinant antigens have identified a number of molecules with diagnostic potential, and current studies include the investigation and assessment of the accuracy of these recombinant proteins in identifying antibodies in individuals with active scabies and in differentiating those with past exposure. Early identification of disease will enable selective treatment of those affected, reduce transmission and the requirement for mass treatment, limit the potential for escalating mite resistance, and provide another means of controlling scabies in populations in areas of endemicity.

scholarly journals Current Status of Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Systematic Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriakos Spiliopoulos ◽  
Gregory Giamouzis ◽  
George Karayannis ◽  
Dimos Karangelis ◽  
Stelios Koutsias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Mechanical Circulatory Support ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Circulatory Support ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices ◽  
End Stage

Heart failure is a major public health problem and its management requires a significant amount of health care resources. Even with administration of the best available medical treatment, the mortality associated with the disease remains high. As therapeutical strategies for heart failure have been refined, the number of patients suffering from the disease has expanded dramatically. Although heart transplantation still represents the gold standard therapeutical approach, the implantation of mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) evolved to a well-established management for this disease. The limited applicability of heart transplantation caused by a shortage of donor organs and the concurrent expand of the patient population with end-stage heart failure led to a considerable utilization of MCSDs. This paper outlines the current status of mechanical circulatory support.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Diarrhoeal Diseases among Under-Five Paediatric Patients in a Tertiary Health Care Facility, South Eastern Nigeria: A 5-Year Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 071-078
Author(s):  
Udemezue Ebube Ezeife ◽  
Onyeka Chukwudalu Ekwebene ◽  
Franklyne Chineye Akubukor ◽  
Chioma Favour Ekwebene ◽  
Somtochukwu Daniel Abazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases

Background: Diarrhoeal disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children, especially in developing countries. Although Nigeria has already achieved remarkable progress in reducing under-five mortality in the last decades, studies done in different parts of Nigeria had shown that diarrhoea is still a major public health problem. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of diarrhoea in under-five children who presented to Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Neni through the period of January 2016 - December 2020, a 5-year review. It is also aimed at noting the influence of other socio demographic factors such as age, sex and seasonal variation on the occurrence of diarrhoeal diseases. Methods: A retrospective study design was used as patients’ records were obtained from the medical records for the said duration of study and a pro forma was used in extracting needed information. Results: A total of 128 cases of diarrhoeal disease were recorded out of the 897 under-five aged children that visited the hospital at the said period of study. Thus with a prevalence of 14.27%. Higher number of cases were recorded in the dry season 96 (75.0%) than the wet season; 32 (25.0%) cases. More males were affected; 78(60.1%) than females;50 (39.1%). Children aged 0-11 months were affected more; 62 (48.4%) followed by those within the age bracket of 12-23 months 32(25.0%) with those within the ages 48-59months having the least number of cases; 8 (6.3%). Conclusions: From the study it was concluded that diarrhoea occurs more in the dry season in this region than in the wet season. It was also concluded that the general risk of diarrhoeal disease decreases with increasing age in children and toddlers are the most at risk group of suffering the disease.

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