scholarly journals Impact of elevated temperature on rice productivity: A case of Lalitpur, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Ambika Ghimire ◽  
Yubak Dhoj G.C. ◽  
Binod Baniya
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Important Crop ◽  
The Impact

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second most important crop in the world after wheat and also the most important crop in Nepal. The production of rice is influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. Temperature is the major constraint for the crop yield. The present experiment was conducted to study the impact of temperature on straw and crop productivity from June to October 2014. The experiment was conducted under temperature control chamber, in which temperature was elevated from the ambient level by 2ºC and 3ºC for the entire crop growth period. Grain and straw yield was measured using electronic weighing machine. Maturity of grain was 10 and 7 days earlier at elevated temperature by 3ºC and 2ºC respectively. Under similar condition of water depth, plant spacing, rice variety and soil nutrient, rise in temperature up to 2ºC is favorable for rice straw yield and crop productivity. Yield loss under elevated temperature by 3ºC is due to floret sterility. Further research on temperature resistance rice variety is necessary.

scholarly journals Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Improve Zinc Biofortification in Grains and Straw of Coarse vs. Fine Rice Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Inamullah ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Jawaher Alkahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
The Impact

Continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) deplete soil fertility and reduce crop productivity as well as zinc (Zn) concentrations in rice grains and straw. Low Zn concentrations in rice grains have a negative impact on human health, while low Zn concertation in rice straw creates a nutritional problem for animals. The current high yielding rice varieties and hybrids remove large quantities of Zn from the soils, lowering the residual concentrations of soil Zn for the subsequent crop (e.g., wheat). Field experiments were conducted on farmers field in Malakand with the objective to evaluate the impact of various combinations of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1) and Zn levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg ha−1) on biofortification of Zn in grains and straw of rice genotypes [fine (Bamati-385) vs. coarse (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj)]. The results revealed that Zn biofortification in rice genotypes increased with the integrated use of both nutrients (P + Zn) when applied at higher rates (80 and 120 kg P ha−1, and 10 and 15 kg Zn ha−1, respectively). The biofortification of Zn in both grains and straw was higher in the coarse than fine rice genotypes (Pukhraj > Fakhre-e-Malakand > Basmati-385). It was concluded from this study that the application of higher P and Zn levels increased Zn contents in rice parts (grains and straw) under the rice-wheat system. We also concluded from this study that Zn concentrations in rice grains and straw are influenced by plant genetic factors and Zn management practices.

scholarly journals Screening of Some Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance using Morphological and Molecular Markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-390
Author(s):  
Shahabuddin Ahmed ◽  
Touhidur Rahman Anik ◽  
Ashraful Islam ◽  
Imtiaz Uddin ◽  
Mohammad S. Haque
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses, which adversely affects the crop productivity. Thirty rice genotypes of diverse origin including three salt tolerant check varieties, Binadhan-8, Binadhan-10 and Pokkali, were used to evaluate salt tolerance at seedling stage and to determine the genetic diversity using microsatellite markers. Salinity screening was done at the seedling stage using hydroponic system following IRRI standard protocol. Three salinity levels as 6dSm-1, 8dSm-1, and 10dSm-1 were used along with control. Data were recorded on root length, shoot length and dry weight and the genotypes were scored based on modified standard evaluation score (SES) for visual injury. Sixteen SSR markers were used to study the genetic variation within 30 rice genotypes. A total of 65 alleles with an average of 4.06 allele per locus were detected among 30 rice genotypes. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.24 to 0.86 with an average of 0.51. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram revealed four clusters. Among them cluster I identified 5 salt tolerant genotypes and cluster IV separated one tolerant and one moderately tolerant genotype. Based on SES evaluation and molecular analysis genotypes Balam, THDB, Q-31, Ab.Hai, BR-5, FR13A ware salt tolerant; Moulota, Super hybrid, Y-1281, Binadhan-16 were moderate salt tolerant. This information could be useful for selection of suitable genotypes for developing salt tolerant rice variety through molecular breeding.

scholarly journals Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Improve Productivity and Profitability of Rice Cultivars under Rice-Wheat System

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Inamullah ◽  
Jawaher Alkahtani ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
The Impact

Continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) deplete soil fertility, reduced crop productivity, and grower’s income. Phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies are considered important nutritional constraints under rice-wheat cropping system. One strategy to increase crop productivity and grower’s income under the rice-wheat system is the balanced application of P and Zn fertilizers. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of sole and various combinations of P (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1) and Zn levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg ha−1) on productivity (grain yield and yield components) and profitability (net returns) of different rice genotypes (cultivars) (fine (cv.Bamati-385) vs. coarse (cv. Fakhre-e-Malakand and cv. Pukhraj)) and their residual effect on the income of the succeeding wheat crop (cv. Siran-2010). The results revealed that both rice and wheat productivity and profitability was higher with the combined application of both nutrients at higher rates (80 and 120 kg P ha−1 and 10 and 15 kg Zn ha−1). The highest productivity and profitability was obtained with the cultivation of hybrid rice “Pukhraj” (Pukhraj > Fakhre-e-Malakand > Basmati-385). It was concluded from this study that application of higher P and Zn levels and growing of hybrid rice increased productivity and profitability under the rice-wheat cropping system.

scholarly journals Metabolomics of Myrcia bella Populations in Brazilian Savanna Reveals Strong Influence of Environmental Factors on Its Specialized Metabolism

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2954
Author(s):  
Luiz Leonardo Saldanha ◽  
Pierre-Marie Allard ◽  
Adlin Afzan ◽  
Fernanda Pereira de Souza Rosa de Melo ◽  
Laurence Marcourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Specialized Metabolism ◽  
Temperature Radiation ◽  
The Impact

Environmental conditions influence specialized plant metabolism. However, many studies aiming to understand these modulations have been conducted with model plants and/or under controlled conditions, thus not reflecting the complex interaction between plants and environment. To fully grasp these interactions, we investigated the specialized metabolism and genetic diversity of a native plant in its natural environment. We chose Myrcia bella due to its medicinal interest and occurrence in Brazilian savanna regions with diverse climate and soil conditions. An LC-HRMS-based metabolomics approach was applied to analyze 271 samples harvested across seven regions during the dry and rainy season. Genetic diversity was assessed in a subset of 40 samples using amplified fragment length polymorphism. Meteorological factors including rainfall, temperature, radiation, humidity, and soil nutrient and mineral composition were recorded in each region and correlated with chemical variation through multivariate analysis (MVDA). Marker compounds were selected using a statistically informed molecular network and annotated by dereplication against an in silico database of natural products. The integrated results evidenced different chemotypes, with variation in flavonoid and tannin content mainly linked to soil conditions. Different levels of genetic diversity and distance of populations were found to be correlated with the identified chemotypes. These observations and the proposed analytical workflow contribute to the global understanding of the impact of abiotic factors and genotype on the accumulation of given metabolites and, therefore, could be valuable to guide further medicinal exploration of native species.

Nutrient status and crop productivity following a 14-year irrigated potato rotation study

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mohr ◽  
A. Nelson ◽  
D. Tomasiewicz ◽  
D. McLaren ◽  
M. Monreal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Potato Rotation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rotation Study ◽  
Cu And Zn

Mohr, R., Nelson, A., Tomasiewicz, D., McLaren, D., Monreal, M., Irvine, B., Khakbazan, M., Moulin, A., Derksen, D. and Volkmar, K. 2015. Nutrient status and crop productivity following a 14-year irrigated potato rotation study. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 351–360. Well-managed crop rotations contribute to high productivity and quality in subsequent crops, and neither excessively deplete nor increase soil nutrient levels. A field experiment was conducted in the year following completion of a 14-yr irrigated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) rotation study to assess the impact of preceding rotation on soil P, K and micronutrient concentrations, and on soybean (Glycine max) productivity, yield and seed nutrient levels. Soybean was grown on six established rotations [potato with canola (PC), wheat (PW), canola–wheat (PCW), oat-wheat (POW), wheat–canola–wheat (PWCW), and canola underseeded to alfalfa–alfalfa–alfalfa (PCAA)] arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Soil nutrient levels fell within ranges typical of the region, as did soybean yield and quality. Lower P and K concentrations in spring soil samples, and in soybean seeds, were typically associated with PCAA, suggesting that fertilizer additions did not account for high rates of P and K removal by alfalfa hay in this rotation. While preceding rotation had minimal effects on soil Cu and Zn, soybean established after PCAA or after potato contained comparatively higher seed Cu and Zn concentrations suggesting that including mycorrhizal crops such as potato and alfalfa in rotation may have contributed to enhanced micronutrient availability. Soybean yield was 4–6% higher following potato than canola or cereals, and 6% higher following POW than PCW. Seed protein increased and oil concentration decreased where preceding rotations included alfalfa. The limited yield differences observed may have been due, in part, to the selection of soybean as an indicator crop, which likely minimized differences among rotations arising from disease, weeds and nitrogen. These findings suggest that, with careful management of irrigated potato systems over the longer term, crop productivity and nutrient availability may be maintained within acceptable levels for agricultural production.

scholarly journals Red Edge Position (REP), an Indicator for Crop Stress Detection: Implication on Rice (Oryza sativa L)

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Jonali Goswami ◽  
Ranjan Das ◽  
K. K. Sarma ◽  
P. L. N. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Stress Detection ◽  
Red Edge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Red Edge Position

Crop stresses due to both biotic and abiotic are the major factors affecting crop productivity. The need of the hour is to minimize the yield losses due to these stresses. Early detection can help to reduce the impact of stresses on crop growth and yield. Remote sensing techniques have been shown to be timely, non-destructive and provide spatial estimates for quantifying and monitoring crop stress as compared to direct field techniques. In this study we tested the possibility of detecting impact of abiotic stresses, mainly Nitrogen (N) and elevated CO2 and Temperature on growth and yield of rice crops based on the spectral reflectance data in the red edge position (REP). Spectral reflectances of crop canopyi from 350 to 2500 nm acquired using SVC spectroradiometer under clear sky condition between 11:00 and 13:00 IST. The results thus obtained indicate that REP is a good indicator of crop stress detection as healthy crops always are at longer wavelength as compared to crop under stress. The research work done also elucidates that REP can lead to the development of real-time management tool for crop stress detection, thereby reducing the yield losses due these stresses.

scholarly journals A study on parameters controlling water requirement of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at various phenophases in different agroclimatic zones

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
A. KASHYAPI ◽  
H. P. DAS ◽  
A. P. HAGE ◽  
A. A. KALE
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Related Data

The parameters controlling water requirement of rice crop and other crop related data were collected and computed at eleven critical phenophases, from eight different ET – stations, for latest available five years and the mean values were analyzed. The study revealed that the total water requirement – demand   for rice crop in different rice growing ET – stations varied from 411.3 to 688.7 mm of water. In most of the stations peak ET was recorded during tillering to active tillering stages, which contributed 27 – 38 per cent of the total water need of the crop. The seasonal rainfall in most of the stations was sufficient to meet the ET requirement at various growth stages. However, few stations recorded high yield due to assured irrigation facility. The average Kc values (throughout the crop growth period) showed variation from 0.77 to 1.13 among different stations studied. For most of the stations  Kc values reached their  peak mostly at active tillering stage onward. At some stations six or more growth stages recorded Kc values even more than one. Rice yield varied from 1839 kg/ha to 5892 kg/ha. Also, the crop productivity varied   widely from 15.074 to 51.684  kg/ha/day. The WUE of the crop in different stations laid between 3.68 to 10.71 kg/ha/mm.

Enhancing Pulse Productivity under Rice Based Production System Through Chickpea and Lentil Based Intercropping Systems in North East India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Anando Singh ◽  
Sakhen Sorokhaibam ◽  
Sonika Yumnam ◽  
Jeti Konsam
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons of 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Imphal, Manipur, to study the performance of intercropping chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) with linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) czernj. and cosson] under 2 varying preceding kharif lowland rice (Oryza sativa L) crop durations and also to evaluate the system productivity and profitability. Planting of medium duration rice variety enhanced growth and yield of rabi crops resulting in increase in system productivity in terms of rice equivalent yield (REY) and production efficiency (PE) by 5.4 %, and 14.5%, respectively over planting of late duration rice variety. Seed and biological yields of chickpea, lentil, Indian mustard and linseed were higher in sole cropping than in intercropping systems. Indian mustard and linseed were found dominant and aggressive as compared to chickpea and lentil. Chickpea and Indian mustard intercropping under 4:2 ratio proved more remunerative and recorded higher yield advantage than either of chickpea and linseed or lentil and Indian mustard intercropping as judged by REY (9.7 tonnes/ha), crop productivity (39.9 kg/ha/ day) and net return (` 81,168/ha). Land equivalent ratio (LER) of chickpea with Indian mustard (1.10) remained at par with intercropping chickpea with linseed (1.17), however, lentil intercropped with Indian mustard had less than unity LER of 0.87.

scholarly journals Impact of cyclic water stress on growth, physiological responses and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in tropical environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2136-2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Amalina Mohd Zain ◽  
Mohd Razi Ismail ◽  
Adam Puteh ◽  
Maziah Mahmood ◽  
M Robiul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Stress Cycle ◽  
Stress Cycles ◽  
The Impact

A series of water stress cycles [5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days of irrigation intervel including control flooded (CF), control saturated (CS)] were exposed to investigate the impact of cyclic water stress on growth, physiological responses and yield of a famous Malaysian rice variety, MR220. The study also aimed to determine optimum irrigation schedule for better production of rice. It was observed that grain yield, total biomass, filled spikelet, 1000 grain weight, total panicle, tillers mortality, plant height and number of tillers per plant reduces with increased duration of water stress cycles. Grain yield was higher both in CF and CS condition and those are statistically identical to 5 days of stress cycle or irrigation intervel. The present experiment shows that growth performance and physiological activities of rice differ marginally for 5 days of irrigation difference, exceding that time would reduce yield significantly. The study also showed that proline accumulation and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in levels increased with increasing duration of water stress cycle. Depending on the findings of the present, it can be stated that rice variety MR220 do not require flooding irrigation and irrigation cycle of 5 days interval is more apprapriate to increase water use and higher yield of rice

Characterizing the impact of recovering sea otters on commercially important crabs in California estuaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
TM Grimes ◽  
MT Tinker ◽  
BB Hughes ◽  
KE Boyer ◽  
L Needles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Sea Otter ◽  
Dungeness Crab ◽  
Sea Otters ◽  
Elkhorn Slough ◽  
Enhydra Lutris Nereis ◽  
Crab Abundance ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
The Impact

Protective legislation and management have led to an increase in California’s sea otter Enhydra lutris nereis population. While sea otter recovery has been linked to ecosystem benefits, sea otter predation may negatively affect commercially valuable species. Understanding the potential influence of sea otters is of particular importance as their range expands into estuaries that function as nurseries for commercially valuable species like Dungeness crab Metacarcinus magister. We consider how sea otter predation has affected the abundance and size of juvenile Dungeness crab in Elkhorn Slough, California, USA, and analyzed cancrid crab abundance and size across 4 California estuaries with and without sea otters to understand how biotic and abiotic factors contribute to observed variation in crab size and abundance. We compared trends in southern sea otters relative to Dungeness crab landings in California to assess whether increasing sea otter abundance have negatively impacted landings. In Elkhorn Slough, juvenile Dungeness crab abundance and size have declined since 2012, coinciding with sea otter population growth. However, the impact of sea otters on juvenile Dungeness crab size was habitat-specific and only significant in unvegetated habitat. Across estuaries, we found that cancrid crab abundance and size were negatively associated with sea otter presence. While abiotic factors varied among estuaries, these factors explained little of the observed variation in crab abundance or size. Although we found evidence that sea otters can have localized effects on cancrid crab populations within estuaries, we found no evidence that southern sea otters, at recent population sizes, have negatively impacted Dungeness crab landings in California from 2000-2014.

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