Anxiety and Depression among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Introduction: The prevalence of anxiety and depression among patients with COPD is significantly higher than the general population; there are serious barriers to the recognition and treatment of these co-morbid conditions. The study aimed to identify the anxiety and depression among patients with COPD. Methods: A cross sectional study design was adopted and consecutive sampling technique was used to collect 131 samples. A structured interview schedule of Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory was used. Results: Low level of anxiety was found among 83(63.4%) of COPD patients whereas 16(12.3%) had potentially concerning levels of anxiety. It also reveals that 31(23.7%) of the COPD patients were suffering from moderate depression, 14(10.7%) had severe depression whereas 7(5.3%) had extreme depression. A total of 28(21.4%) of them were free from depression. There was association between alcohol consumption and depression (p=0.00). Likewise, there was association between age (p=0.03), educational status (p=0.04), types of family (p=0.00), smoking habit (p=0.01), duration of disease diagnosed (p=0.01) and duration of treatment (p=0.00) with anxiety. Conclusions: It is concluded that one fourth of the COPD patients had moderate level of anxiety as well as depression. Additionally, some of the COPD patients also suffered from extreme depression.

Download Full-text

Depression and Its Risk Factors Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in a Tertiary Level Hospital

Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College ◽

10.3329/jssmc.v7i2.31440 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 44-48

Author(s):

Uttam Kumar Barua ◽

Dilip Kumar Ghosh ◽

Amar Biswas ◽

Mukta Nath ◽

Bipul Kanti Biswas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Tertiary Level ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Level Hospital

Background: COPDis accompanied with several co-morbidities among which depression is a major one. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of depression and associated risk factors in patients with COPD in a tertiary level hospital of Dhaka city, Bangladesh.Method: This Cross-sectional study was carried out the Department of Respiratory Medicine of ShaheedShurawardy Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to June 2014. 317 COPD patients were selected by systematic sampling. A questionnaire was administered among the respondents to collect the data regarding their socio-demographic conditions followed by Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) to measure the level of depression.Result: Among the 317 respondents, the mean age was 58.40 and 98.1% were male, 1.9% were female. The proportion of depression among patients with COPD was 81.6% (8 out of 10 COPD patients). Among the all respondents, 23.3% had moderate depression, 14.5% had moderately severe depression, and only 4.7% had severe depression. The risk factors which were found to be involved with the development of depression among COPD patients were stage 2 and stage 3 COPD, onset of COPD ? 40 years of age, literate respondents.Conclusion: The study highlight the importance of routine screening for depression of all COPD patients in all healthcare settings and implementation of strategies for proper management and prevention of depression in those patients.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2015, Vol.7(2); 44-48

Download Full-text

Prevalence of depression and its risk factors among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a tertiary level hospital in West Bengal, India

South East Asia Journal of Public Health ◽

10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15942 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 34-40

Author(s):

Kalyan Bhowmik ◽

Moniruzzaman . ◽

Anjan Adhikari ◽

Shahnaz Choudhury ◽

MSA Mansur Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Pulmonary Medicine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

In recent years, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has increased several folds in the developing coun-tries and the disease is accompanied with several co-morbidities among which depression is a major one. Still now there is a lack of data regarding the prevalence and risk factors of depression among the patients with COPD in In-dia. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of depression and associated risk factors in patients with COPD in Kolkata, India. In this cross-sectional study, 214 COPD patients were selected by purposive sampling at OPD of Pulmonary Medicine, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India. The patients were diagnosed and grouped into dif-ferent stages of COPD by clinical examination and spirometry. A questionnaire was administered among the respon-dents to collect the data regarding their socio-demographic conditions followed by Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) to measure the level of depression. The mean age of the respondents was 59.37±11.37 years and 99% were male. The proportion of depression among patients with COPD was 86%. Among the respondents, 36.9% had mod-erately severe depression, 32.2% had moderate depression and 6.1% had severe depression. The risk factors of de-pression among COPD patients were urban residence (OR=4.79, p=0.02), income group of 5000-9999 Rupees per month (OR=18, p=0.38), teetotalers (OR=8.36, p=0.02), Stage 2 COPD (OR= 83, p=0.001) and onset of COPD ?70 years of age (OR=20, p=0.02). The study showed that more than 8 out of 10 COPD patients and it can be considered very high proportion. The study highlight the importance of routine screening for depression of all COPD patients in all healthcare settings and implementation of effective strategies for proper prevention and management of depres-sion in those patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15942 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 34-40

Download Full-text

Anemia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Journal of Enam Medical College ◽

10.3329/jemc.v4i3.20943 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 151-155

Author(s):

Naser Ahmed ◽

Rukhsana Parvin ◽

Md Abul Kalam Azad

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Copd Patients

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is usually associated with polycythemia. It is assumed that systemic inflammatory components of COPD can interfere with erythropoietin and can result in anemia of chronic disease which will impair the functional capacity of these patients and also increase morbidity and mortality. Objective: To evaluate anemia status in COPD patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in clinically stable 50 COPD patients in the outpatient department of Medicine in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka during the period of July to December 2011. The demographic characteristics, smoking habit, duration of disease, types and severity of anemia, BMI and results of 6-minute walk test were recorded. Results: Out of 50 COPD patients, 76% were male and 24% were female. Among them 32% patients were anemic, 20% were polycythemic and 48% patients had normal hemoglobin. Among the anemic patients with COPD, 87% were male and 13% were female,75% were mildly anemic and 4% moderately anemic, 62.5% had normocytic and 37.5% had microcytic anemia. Conclusion: Anemia in COPD patients is often overlooked and underestimated. Clinicians should be aware of the presence of anemia in patients with COPD so that appropriate treatment could be initiated to improve the quality of life and prognosis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v4i3.20943 J Enam Med Col 2014; 4(3): 151-155

Download Full-text

Assessment of Anxiety and Depression among Caregivers of Mentally Ill Patients Attending Mental Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.33314/jnhrc.v18i4.3006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 702-708

Author(s):

Durga Khadka Mishra ◽

Urusha Shakya

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Mental Hospital ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Educational Status ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results

Background: Family take the role of caregivers and provide the mentally ill member with help, care and support. Caregivers are at the high risk to anxiety and depression. The main objective of the research was to assess anxiety and depressive status among caregivers of mentally ill patients attending Mental Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal.Methods: A cross sectional study based on clinical setting was conducted among 184 caregivers of mentally ill patients attending outpatient department of Mental Hospital, Lagankhel, Lalitpur, Nepal. Purposive sampling technique was used for the study. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and validated Nepali translated version of hospital anxiety and depression scale was used to assess anxiety and depressive status among caregivers. The collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel 2013 and data analysis was done in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) international business machine version 25. Ethical consideration was maintained during the study. Results: Anxiety and depressive symptoms among caregivers of mentally ill patients was 24.5% and 19.6% respectively. Risk factors significantly associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms in caregivers were sex of caregiver, socio-economic status and sex of patient. Types of mental illness of patient was also significantly associated with anxiety while educational status was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in caregivers.Conclusions: Anxiety and depressive symptoms were found among caregivers of mentally ill patients. It is high time to consider mental health of caregiver and mental health promotion programs and policies for caregivers should be implemented.Keywords: Anxiety; caregiver; depression; mentally ill patient; Nepal

Download Full-text

Magnitude of Family Planning Use in Gardi Village Development Committee of Chitwan district

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences ◽

10.37107/jhas.52 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 40-43

Author(s):

Dinesh Kumar Malla

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Health Management ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Educational Status ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Development Committee ◽

Village Development Committee

The estimated contraceptive prevalence rate of Chitwan is based on the data of health management and information system. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the actual magnitude of family planning use among different age groups, castes, educational status, etc. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Gardi village development committee of Chitwan district from June 15, 2012 to July 5, 2012. A total of 246 married women of reproductive age were studied, who were obtained from 410 households selected from the total households of the village development committee using stratified proportionate random sampling technique. Structured interview was done and data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Percentages of the variables were calculated and cross-tabulations were done. The percentage of family planning use was 65%, increasing after the age of thirty years- 70% on average in each age group thereafter. More Dalits (76%) used family planning methods than Janajatis (58%). About three quarters of women were met with primary education and 69% of illiterates used family planning, with the least percentage (37%) among those with SLC and above education. Most common method was male sterilization (41%), followed by female sterilization (21%). The reasons for not using family planning were given as: no need of family planning (78%), feared side-effects (17%) and did not know any methods (5%). For an awareness program of family planning, couples with caste Janajati, those having education SLC and above and younger age groups should be given more priority. Key words: Family Planning, Magnitude, Chitwan

Download Full-text

Correlation between Anxiety and Depression with Quality of Life among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia ◽

10.36497/jri.v39i2.57 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 121-129

Author(s):

Dessy Mizarti ◽

Deddy Herman ◽

Yessy S Sabri ◽

Amel Yanis

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Basic Education ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Severe Copd

Background: Anxiety and depression among COPD patients can lead to physical limitation, lung function deterioration, risk of exacerbation and poor quality of life. This study aims to investigate correlation between anxiety and depression with quality of life among COPD patients Method: This was cross sectional analytic study recruiting COPD patients in Pulmonary outpatient setting in Dr. M. Djamil Central Hospital Padang and Achmad Mochtar Hospital Bukittinggi from January to March 2017. Samples were recruited through consecutive technique (accidental sampling). Result: Results showed from 101 COPD patients, average age was 65,54 + 9,99 years old. Mostly were male 83,17%, basic education 71,29%, low economical status 58,42%, married 81,19%, ex smoker 71,29%, severe Brinkman index 60,40%. There was correlation between gender (p value =0,002) and marital status (p value =0,010) with anxiety and or depression. Severe COPD patients tend to suffer from anxiety, depression, anxiety and depression, as many as 34,78%, 100% and 54,55%, respectively. Most COPD patients who suffered from anxiety and depression had poor quality of life 28,57%. There was correlation between anxiety and or depression with quality of life among COPD patients p-value= 0,005. COPD patients in D group often had poor quality of life 82,14%. There was correlation between COPD population group and quality of life (p-value=0,001). Conclusion: Anxiety and depression could occur in every stage of COPD, especially severe COPD. There was correlation between anxiety and or depression with quality of life so thus COPD treatment should embrace the comorbid factors. (J Respir Indo 2019; 39(2): 121-9)

Download Full-text

Stress among Hospitalized Patients at Teaching Hospital, Chitwan

Journal of Chitwan Medical College ◽

10.3126/jcmc.v9i3.25779 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

Sumita Lama ◽

Srijana Ghimire

Keyword(s):

Teaching Hospital ◽

Family Income ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

High Stress ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Educational Status ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

The Body ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Stress is defined as “the non- specific physiologic response of the body to any demand made upon it. Stress is a state produced by a change in the environment that is perceived as a challenging, threatening or damaging to a person’s dynamic balance or equilibrium. This study tries to find out the stress among the hospitalized patients. Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional study design was used to find out the stress among the hospitalized patients of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Chitwan. Purposive sampling technique was used. Structured interview schedule was used to collect the data. The data was edited, coded and analyzed using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 84 respondents, 52.4% respondents were female. Findings of the study revealed that more than half of the respondents 57.1% had high stress. So this study showed that the patients had high level of stress during hospitalization. The result also showed that there was statistically significant association between level of stress and sex of the respondents (p=0.002), educational status (p=0.002), place of residence (p=0.01), sufficiency of family income (0.02), previous experience of hospitalization (p=0.03). The major stressors identified in this study were economic stressors, stressors related to family role, disease condition. The minor causing stressors were stressors related to professional behaviors of health personnel and hospital related stressors. Conclusions: Stress reduction activities such as counseling, warm environment should be provided for the patients to enhance the quality of life by reducing stress.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of depression and anxiety among chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder patients and its impact on the severity of the disease

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v13i1.40563 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 82-87

Author(s):

B Kamini ◽

TT Gopinath ◽

S Balamurugan ◽

Jayakumar U Arun ◽

Harish Narayanan

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Pulmonary Disorder ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

Severity Of The Disease

Background: There is high prevalence of anxiety and depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, leading to habits such as smoking. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to relate quantitatively, the contribution of anxiety and depression on prognosis, smoking, and stage of the disease. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 3 months on 50 male COPD patients, aged 40–70 years. Patients were recruited to participate in the study after obtaining informed consent and were administered a questionnaire. They were subjected for detailed clinical examination, chest-X ray. CAT, BODE, GOLD stage, MADRS, and HAM-A were calculated and submitted for statistical analysis. Results: Depression had more influence on smoking rather than anxiety. There was no contributing influence by age. Conclusion: Clinicians should be encouraged to concentrate more on addressing depression rather than anxiety.

Download Full-text

ROLE OF PHARMACIST INTERVENTION ON COPD PATIENTS OF SELECTED AREAS IN CHITRADURGA: A KAP STUDY

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.32553/jbpr.v8i2.586 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Melvin K Mathews ◽

Abubaker Siddiq ◽

Bharathi D R

Keyword(s):

Illness Perceptions ◽

Pharmacist Intervention ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Post Test ◽

Knowledge Practice ◽

And Control

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is preventable and treatable disease state characterized by air flow limitation that is not fully reversible. Severity of the symptoms is increased during exacerbations. Objectives: The purpose of the study is to assess and improve the knowledge regarding COPD among study subjects. Materials and Methods: A Cross-sectional interventional study was carried out among the peoples in selected areas of the Chitradurga city for a period of six months. Result: A total 207 subjects enrolled in the study in that 155 male and 52 females. In our study mean score of post test was more (5.87±1.68) when compare to pre-test (2.63±1.46) which show significant increase in their knowledge after educating them (p=0.000). A total of 207 subjects were enrolled into the study. SPSS Software was used to calculate the statistical estimation. Paired t-test was used to detect the association status of different variables. Conclusion: The relatively good level of COPD awareness needs to be maintained to facilitate future prevention and control of the disease. This study had identified that negative illness perceptions should be targeted, so that they will not avoid patients from seeking for COPD treatment and adhere to it. Key words: Cross sectional study, Knowledge, practice, COPD.

Download Full-text

Burden of Care Among Mothers Having Children with Congenital Heart Diseases

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society ◽

10.3126/jnps.v40i2.26885 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 72-77

Author(s):

Nita Sharma ◽

Pratima Sharma ◽

Tulashi Adhikari Mishra

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Health Condition ◽

P Value ◽

Burden Of Care ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level

Introduction: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is a problem with structure and function of the heart that is present at birth. Children with CHD require special care, treatment and follow up for a number of common conditions which may be quite straining to the care givers. The objective of the study was to find out the burden of care among mothers having children with CHD. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a cardiac centre of Nepal. A total of 95 mothers having children with CHD attending outpatient department of our institute were selected as the sample for the study using non-probability purposive sampling technique. A semi structured interview questionnaire consisting of the Modified Caregiver Strain Index was used to assess the burden of care among mothers having children with CHD. Frequency and percent were used to describe the variables and chi- square test at 0.05 significance level was used to analyse associations. Results: Most (77.9%) of the mothers were regularly strained to find that their children’s health condition was deteriorating due to CHD. Nearly half (44.2%) of the mothers always had financial constrain while giving care to the child, nearly half (40%) of the mothers had done emotional adjustments to take care of their children with CHD, another two-fifths (28.4%) of the mothers sometimes had disturbed sleep and almost half (46.3%) of the mothers were always upset due to some behaviour of their child with CHD. Half (50.5%) of the mothers had high level of burden of care. Statistically significant association were found between age of the mother and level of burden of care (p value = 0.05). Similarly, the type of family (p value = 0.005), age of the children (p value = 0.000) and type of CHD (p value = 0.002) were significantly associated with the level of burden of care among the mothers. Conclusion: The study concluded that mothers tend to feel less burden of care as the child grows older, mothers having children with cyanotic heart disease tend to experience more burden of care. Mothers of less than thirty years of age and living in a joint family also experience more burden of care.

Download Full-text