Burden of Care Among Mothers Having Children with Congenital Heart Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Nita Sharma ◽  
Pratima Sharma ◽  
Tulashi Adhikari Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

Introduction: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is a problem with structure and function of the heart that is present at birth.  Children with CHD require special care, treatment and follow up for a number of common conditions which may be quite straining to the care givers. The objective of the study was to find out the burden of care among mothers having children with CHD. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a cardiac centre of Nepal. A total of 95 mothers having children with CHD attending outpatient department of our institute were selected as the sample for the study using non-probability purposive sampling technique. A semi structured interview questionnaire consisting of the Modified Caregiver Strain Index was used to assess the burden of care among mothers having children with CHD. Frequency and percent were used to describe the variables and chi- square test at 0.05 significance level was used to analyse associations. Results: Most (77.9%) of the mothers were regularly strained to find that their children’s health condition was deteriorating due to CHD. Nearly half (44.2%) of the mothers always had financial constrain while giving care to the child, nearly half (40%) of the mothers had done emotional adjustments to take care of their children with CHD, another two-fifths (28.4%) of the mothers sometimes had disturbed sleep and almost half (46.3%) of the mothers were always upset due to some behaviour of their child with CHD. Half (50.5%) of the mothers had high level of burden of care. Statistically significant association were found between age of the mother and level of burden of care (p value = 0.05). Similarly, the type of family (p value = 0.005), age of the children (p value = 0.000) and type of CHD (p value = 0.002) were significantly associated with the level of burden of care among the mothers. Conclusion: The study concluded that mothers tend to feel less burden of care as the child grows older, mothers having children with cyanotic heart disease tend to experience more burden of care. Mothers of less than thirty years of age and living in a joint family also experience more burden of care.  

Hubungan Kadar Kolesterol Total Dan Hipertensi Dengan Kejadian Penyakit Jantung Koroner DI RSUD dr. Soedarso Pontianak

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Laila Kamila ◽  
Maulidiyah Salim
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Abstract: Coronary heart is a disease that offense to blood vessels and heart attack due to constriction of blood vessels. A high level of cholesterol in blood or exceeds the normal limit can form sediment in wall of blodd vessels which cause blood vessels constriction or blockage. This research object to determine whether there is a correlation between cholesterol level total and hypertension with coronary heart disease in patients who hospitalized in Regional Public Hospital of dr. Soedarso Pontianak. This study was used cross sectional design, purposive sampling technique, it gained 50 people as samples. The measurement of blood pressure was done in heart poly and cholesterol total level in clinic laboratory of Regional Public Hospital of dr. Soedarso by using enzymatic CHOD-PAP method. It can be obtained that 10 people had hypertension and 40 people did not.the average of total cholesterol was 224 mg/dl. Maximum value of total cholesterol was 224 mg/dl and 152 mg/dl as minimum value. Data has been analyzed by using statistical test, Chi-Square, to determine the correlation of total cholesterol wit coronary heart disease, obtained p value=0,024 (less than α=0,05). Correlation of hypertension and coronary heart disease gained p value=0,923 (more than α=0,05), it can be concluded that total cholesterol correlated with coronary heart disease, and there was not a correlation between hypertension and coronary heart disease.Abstrak: Jantung koroner adalah penyakit yang  menyerang pembuluh darah dan serangan jantung, karena penyempitan pada pembuluh darah. Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi dalam darah melebihi normal dapat membentuk endapan pada dinding pembuluh darah sehingga menyebabkan penyempitan dan tersumbatnya pembuluh darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar kolesterol total dan hipertensi dengan penyakit jantung koroner pada pasien di RSUD dr. Soedarso Pontianak. Disain penelitian  ini menggunakan cross sectional, teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling, didapat jumlah sampel 50 orang. Pengukuran Tensi Darah dilakukan di poli Jantung dan pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total di laboratorium klinik RSUD dr. Soedarso Pontianak dengan metode enzimatik CHOD-PAP. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 10 orang mengalami hipertensi dan 40 orang non hipertensi. Rata-rata kadar kolesterol total 224 mg/ dl. Nilai maksimum kadar kolesterol total yaitu 224 mg/dl dan nilai minimum yaitu 152 mg/dl. Analisa data dengan uji statistik Chi-square untuk mengetahui hubungan kolesterol total dengan penyakit jantung koroner didapatkan nilai p = 0,024 (lebih kecil dari  α 0,05). Uji hubungan hipertensi dengan penyakit jantung koroner didapat nilai p = 0,923 (lebih besar dari α 0,05), dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan kadar kolesterol total dengan penyakit jantung koroner dan tidak ada hubungan hipertensi dengan penyakit jantung koroner.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISCIPLINE AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE TOWARDS EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Dian Rosa Linda ◽  
Puji Astuti ◽  
Satriya Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Job Responsibilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation

Background: One of problems in an organization or company is poor performance of employees. For instance, they do not complete tasks or finish their job responsibilities on time. The preliminary data taken from one of companies in Surabaya showed that 184 employees did not come to work without any explanations, and 288 employees worked late.Aim: This study analyzed the relationships between discipline and emotional intelligence towards employee performance at the company.Method: The design of this research was analytical using a cross sectional approach. The population of this study was employees at Production and Maintenance Section of one company in Surabaya comprising of 155 people. Out of 155 employees, 89 respondents were taken as samples using a stratified random sampling technique. Then, the data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test with a significance level of α 0.05.Results: This study showed that most of the respondents were very highly disciplined (94.4%) and had a highly emotional intelligence (74.2%). Lastly, most of them perform satisfyingly (50.6%). The results of the analysis test with Spearman’s rank correlation yielded p-value of 0.002 <α 0.05. It means there was a correlation between  discipline attitude and employee performance. The p-value 0.001 which was less than α-value of 0.05 showed that there was a correlation between emotional intelligence and employee performance.Conclusion: Discipline and emotional intelligence are prominent to determine employee performance at PT X. In order to improve the discipline and intelligence in the performance of the employees, the company should provide rewards based on employee’s achievements in the workplace. Key words: Emotional intelligence, Employee performance, Discipline.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM ANTICIPATORY GUIDANCE SIBLING RIVALRY DAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DENGAN KEJADIAN SIBLING RIVALRY PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Ulva Noviana
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Sibling Rivalry ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anticipatory Guidance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Parent Role

Sibling rivalry is the natural jealousy or dislike feeling of a children to a new child in the family. Preliminary study result obtained 6 (60%) children have sibling rivalry. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship of parent role in anticipatory guidance sibling rivalry and emotional intelligence with sibling rivalry incident in preschooler. The design of this research is correlational analytic with cross sectional approach. The independent variable is the parent role in the anticipatory guidance sibling rivalry and emotional intelligence, while the dependent variable is sibling rivalry. The unit of analysis of this study is preschool children who have younger siblings, and the source of information is parents, the sample of 37 children with simple random sampling technique. The data collected from these three research variables used questionnaires. The statistical test using spearman rank with α (0,05). The result of the statistical test shows the value of p value with the alpha significance level α (0,05), mean value of p value < α, so H0 is rejected and H1 accepted, it means there is relation of parent role in anticipatory guidance sibling rivalry and emotional intelligence with incident sibling rivalry preschooler. The results of this study is expected parents can perform its role in anticipatory sibling rivalry and improve the emotional intelligence of children to avoid sibling rivalry between siblings

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISCIPLINE AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE TOWARDS EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Dian Rosa Linda ◽  
Puji Astuti ◽  
Satriya Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Job Responsibilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation

Background: One of problems in an organization or company is poor performance of employees. For instance, they do not complete tasks or finish their job responsibilities on time. The preliminary data taken from one of companies in Surabaya showed that 184 employees did not come to work without any explanations, and 288 employees worked late.Aim: This study analyzed the relationships between discipline and emotional intelligence towards employee performance at the company.Method: The design of this research was analytical using a cross sectional approach. The population of this study was employees at Production and Maintenance Section of one company in Surabaya comprising of 155 people. Out of 155 employees, 89 respondents were taken as samples using a stratified random sampling technique. Then, the data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test with a significance level of α 0.05.Results: This study showed that most of the respondents were very highly disciplined (94.4%) and had a highly emotional intelligence (74.2%). Lastly, most of them perform satisfyingly (50.6%). The results of the analysis test with Spearman’s rank correlation yielded p-value of 0.002 <α 0.05. It means there was a correlation between  discipline attitude and employee performance. The p-value 0.001 which was less than α-value of 0.05 showed that there was a correlation between emotional intelligence and employee performance.Conclusion: Discipline and emotional intelligence are prominent to determine employee performance at PT X. In order to improve the discipline and intelligence in the performance of the employees, the company should provide rewards based on employee’s achievements in the workplace. Key words: Emotional intelligence, Employee performance, Discipline.

scholarly journals Maternal tobacco consumption during pregnancy and risk of congenital heart diseases in offspring

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deveshwar Dev ◽  
Rambabu Sharma ◽  
Meenakshi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
P Value ◽  
Congenital Heart Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Maternal tobacco consumption (both active and passive) during pregnancy as a risk factor for congenital heart diseases in off-springs has been studied by some workers with a small number of subjects hence requires to be evaluated through a study with a significant size of cohort. The objective of the study was to find out the association between maternal tobacco consumption and the risk of CHDs among their off springs.Methods: This is a hospital based, comparative, cross sectional, observational study. 518 children with CHDs, confirmed by echocardiography were included as cases and 240 children without any obvious congenital anomaly matched for age and sex were taken as controls. The following clinical observations were collected through questionnaires in a predesigned Performa: maternal and paternal tobacco consumption during pregnancy; maternal medical, gestational and obstetric history; and other birth defects.Results: Children from case and control groups were comparable with respect to age and sex at the inclusion in the study. Out of the total 758 study participants, 73 children (14.01%) with CHDs had history of maternal tobacco consumption (active consumption) during pregnancy and 86 children (16.6%) with CHDs had history of paternal smoking habit (P value was highly significant).Conclusions: Tobacco consumption during pregnancy (both active and passive) confer an increased risk of CHDs in their off springs (p value <0.001).

scholarly journals Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Perilaku Konsumsi Tablet Fe saat Menstruasi pada Mahasiswi FKM UNAIR Surabaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Rohmanur Izzani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
P Value ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The World

Anemia is one of the health problems in the world especially in developing countries and it is estimated that 30% of the world population suffers from anemia. Anemia is one of the health problems that often occur in pregnant women and young women. According to WHO (2013), the prevalence of anemia in the world reaches 40–88%. According to Riskesdas (2013) got anemia patients in adolescent girls amounted to 2.7%. One cause of high rates of anemia in adolescent girls is the lack of awareness of consumption of Fe tablets during menstruation. Consciousness of Fe tablet consumption during menstruation can not be separated from information and knowledge, because of knowledge is one of several factors that influence one's consumption behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge with adolescent attitudes about consumption of Fe tablet during menstruation on students of Faculty of Public Health Unair Surabaya. This research was analytic with cross sectional approach. The samples were 50 respondents taken by simple random sampling technique. The instrument used a questionnaire. The result of this research was chi-square statistic test with significance level α = 0,05 or 95%. Statistical test results obtained p value = 1 < α = 0.05. The conclusion of this research is that there is no significant relationship of knowledge with attitude of Fe tablet consumption during menstruation on students of Faculty of Public Health Unair Surabaya.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors with Respiratory Problems among Industrial Workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
M Pradhan ◽  
M Silwal
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Flour Production

Background: In food processing industry, hazardous contaminants are generated. Flour dust has been introduced as one of the effective factors in the prevalence of respiratory disorders among the workers of the flour production factories.Objectives: To assess the prevalence and associated factors with respiratory problems among industrial workers.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was used for the study. Non- probability purposive sampling technique was applied to choose flour industry and consecutive sampling technique was applied to select the sample from the industry. Hundred fifty respondents were taken as sample and self-administered structured interview questionnaire was used to collect the data.Results: The study revealed that more than half 103 (68.70%) of the respondents had work-related respiratory problems. The prevalence of cough, phlegm, breathlessness, chest tightness and whistling problems were 100 (66.67%), 58 (38.67%), 65 (43.33%), 9 (6.0%) and 4 (2.67%). Among different demographic variables, association of respiratory problems was found with religion (p value = 0.015), income per months of respondents (p value = 0.034) and the information they had about work-related respiratory problems (p value = 0.000).Conclusions: The study shows that there is higher prevalence of respiratory problems among industrial workers. Also, it shows there is association of respiratory problem with exacerbating factors and health checkup facility in the industry. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 46-51

scholarly journals Hubungan Spiritualitas Dan Tipe Kepribadian Dengan Psychological Well-Being Remaja SMP Negeri 1 Banguntapan Bantul Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Burhanuddin Hartono ◽  
I Made Moh. Yanuar Saifudin ◽  
Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Relationship

Teenagers are the next generation of the nation who are expected to be potential leaders of the nation. Therefore teenagers need to feel prosperous in order to develop and gain knowledge well. Psychological well-being is an important element that needs to be cultivated in individuals in order to fully strengthen engagement in facing responsibilities and achieving their potential. Psychological well-being is influenced by personality types and spirituality. Knowing the relationship between spirituality and personality types with psychological well-being teenagers in SMP Negeri 1 Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The research design used in this study was a descriptive correlation study with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were teenagers at SMP Negeri 1 Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The sampling technique used was proportional random sampling as many as 70 people. Data analysis using Chi Square statistical test with a significance level of 5%. Nurse spirituality was low category 36 (51%) respondents, extrovert personality type 39 (56%) respondents and low psychological well-being 37 (53%) respondents. There is a significant relationship between spirituality and psychological well-being with a p-value of 0.000 (<0.005). Then the relationship between spirituality and psychological well-being was also significant with a p-value of 0.015 (<0.005).

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KELULUSAN DALAM UJI KOMPETENSI NERS INDONESIA (UKNI) DI REGIONAL SULAWESI

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takdir Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Graduation Rate ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian : Mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kelulusan dalam pelaksanaan UKNI di institusi regional Sulawesi.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan survey analitik dengan model pendekatan Cross Sectional Study. Sebanyak 72 orang lulusan  ners sebagai sampel dari berbagai institusi keperawatan di wilayah Sulawesi,  pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara kluster sampling, lalu diberikan kuesioner saat brefing H-1 sebelum Ujian Kompetensi Ners.  Uji statistik yang digunakan yaitu uji Pearson Correlation dengan tingkat kemaknaan  p-value =0.05Hasil: Ada hubungan kesiapan ujian (p=0.001), try out UKNI (p=0.03), prestasi akademik (p=0.03), peran institusi (p=0.005) dengan tingkat kelulusan uji kompetensi ners dan  tidak ada hubungan kondisi fisik   (p=0.555),  praktik profesi  dengan tingkat kelulusan uji kompetensi ners.Kesimpulan: Faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kelulusan uji kompetensi adalah kesiapan uji kompetensi. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan yang terkait sistem bimbingan profesi, pemahaman blue print dengan kelulusan uji kompetensi ners. Kata Kunci: Uji Kompetensi, Tingkat Kelulusan, Prestasi Akademik  ABSTRACTObjective: Determine the factors associated with ners’s graduate rate in the implementation of the Indonesian ners competence test (UKNI) in institution at Sulawesi Methods: This study use survey analitic model with cross sectional approach. Study using a questionnaire with Guttman scale. The sampling technique using Cluster Random Sampling and obtained the number of samples in the study was 72 teenagers. The statistical test used was the Pearson Correlation test with a significance level of p-value = 0.05.Result: This study used Pearson test and obtained that there is a relationship between prepared test and graduation rate (p=0,001), academic achievement and graduation rate is related (p=0,03), physical condition and graduation rate found no correlation (p=0,555), institutional role and graduation rate is related (p = 0.005), UKNI’s try out and graduation rate is related (p=0,03). profession practice system and graduation rate found no correlation (p=0,437).Discussion  Based on this study’s result, from six factors there are four factors that related to the ners’s passing rate in implementation of UKNI. There are prepared test, academic achievement, institutional role and UKNI’s try out. The most related factor of these four is prepared test. Meanwhile, factors that have no correlation is physical condition and profession practice system. Conclusion: The most dominant factor related to the graduation of competency test is the readiness of the competency testKeywords: UKNI, graduation rate.accademic achievement

scholarly journals Hubungan penyakit jantung bawaan pada anak dengan status pendidikan orang tua

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Munaiseche ◽  
Herdy Munayang ◽  
Erling D. Kaunang
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Education Levels

Abstract: Congenital heart disease (CHD) has an incidence of 30% of all congenital abnormalities. The incidences of CHDs in developed countries and developing countries range from 6-10 cases per 1000 live births, with an average of 8 per 1,000 live births. Education and knowledge of parents play important roles in the treatment of CHD. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between CHD in children and the educational status of parents. This was an analytical observational study with a cross sectional design. Subjects were all children admitted to the Pediatrics Department Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado in 2014-2015 due to heart diseases. Data consisted of sex, age, and the last education of the parents. Data were analyzed by using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that there were 100 children with heart diseases consisted of 53 males and 47 females. There were 38 males (52.8%) with positive CHD and the highest percentage of positive CHD was at 7-12 years as many as 17 children (60.7%). Based on education level, most of the children’s fathers were senior high school (42.9%) as well as the children’s mother (53.6%). The Chi-Square showed p= 0.776 and p= 0.532 for the relationships between the fathers’ as well as the mothers’ education levels and congenital heart disease in children. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between parents’ educational level and congenital heart disease in children.Keywords: congenital heart disease, education. Abstrak: Penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) merupakan kelainan bawaan yang sering dijumpai, dengan angka kejadian 30% dari seluruh kelainan bawaan. Insiden PJB dinegara maju maupun negara berkembang berkisar 6-10 kasus per 1000 kelahiran hidup, dengan rata-rata 8 per 1000 kelahiran hidup. Pendidikan, pengetahuan, dan pekerjaan orang tua berperan penting dalam penanganan PJB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara PJB pada anak dengan status pendidikan orang tua. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian ialah semua anak dengan penyakit jantung yang dirawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado tahun 2014-2015. Data diambil dari Bagian Rekam Medik berupa jenis kelamin anak, usia anak, serta pendidikan terakhir ayah dan ibu. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 100 anak terdiri dari 53 anak laki-laki dan 47 anak perempuan. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin yang terbanyak positif PJB ialah laki-laki sebanyak 38 orang (52,8%). Berdasarkan usia yang terbanyak positif PJB ialah 7-12 tahun sebanyak 17 anak (60,7%). Pendidikan terbanyak ialah SLTA yaitu pada ayah 42,9% dan pada ibu sebesar 53,6%. Uji Chi-Square, mendapatkan p = 0,776 dan p = 0,532 untuk hubungan tingkat pendidikan ayah dan ibu dengan PJB. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan orang tua dengan penyakit jantung bawaan pada anak. Kata kunci: penyakit jantung bawaan, pendidikan

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