scholarly journals Biogas Production from Anaerobic Digestion of Different Biodegradable Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tika Sapkota ◽  
Jagannath Aryal ◽  
Samir Thapa ◽  
Amrit B Karki
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Eupatorium Adenophorum ◽  
Household Level

This study presents the feasibility of different biodegradable materials such as kitchen wastes, water hyacinth (Eichhornia sp.), green garden grass, banana (Musa acuminate) bases, Banmara (Eupatorium adenophorum) and cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) for biogas production. The experiment was conducted using 0.05 m3 anaerobic bioreactor of ARTI model compact biogas technology under ambient temperature condition in Kathmandu. The minimum and maximum temperature recorded during the study period (March 1 to July 1, 2009) was ranged from 10°C to 33°C. Total solid was found maximum (39.72 percent) in kitchen waste and minimum in cabbage leaves (8.36 percent). Volatile solid was more than 75 percent in all substrates. Organic matter ranged from 34.85 to 68.11 %. Similarly, C/N ratio was found maximum (22.57:1) in kitchen waste. Variations were observed in pH values. It was recorded between 5.7 and 6.8 in the first month but above 7 after second month of the plant installation. Burning of gas was detected after 42 days in cow dung, 52 days in water hyacinth, 80 days in kitchen waste and 70 days in banana base, Banmara, garden grass and cabbage leaves. Similarly, methane concentration after 105 days of plant installation was found to be 53 percent in cow dung, 48.8 percent in kitchen waste, 49.4 percent in water hyacinth, 24.5 percent in banana base, 38.5 percent in Banmara and 41.5 percent in garden grass. Total gas production in four months was found maximum in water hyacinth (45 l/kg TS) and minimum in cabbage (25.78 l/kg TS). The gas production in cow dung, Banana base, Banmara, garden grass and kitchen waste was therefore 41.12 l, 31.14 l, 34.02 l, 27.78 l and 32.12 l per kg of TS respectively. The purpose of designing this micro ARTI model plant was to test the feasibility of selected biodegradable materials for biogas production to be relevant in household level. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 123-128 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7724

Potential of Biogas Production from Floating Aquatic Weeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Enaboifo ◽  
O.C. Izinyon
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
Retention Period

This study investigates the potential of biogas production from water hyacinth, water lettuce and water fern. Laboratory experiments were carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture laboratory, University of Benin, Nigeria. The aquatic weeds which are major constituents of the substrate were contained in the conical flasks used as digester. The cow dung and aquatic weeds were mixed in the ratio of 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4; and 1:5 in the different samples used for each of the three aquatic weeds and gas produced measured.The results obtained showed that no gas was produced in any of the flasks containing the aquatic weed within 21days. Gas production was however recorded in those with cow dung alone which gave 302ml of biogas within the 21 days retention period with an average of 21ml of gas produced within the active 14 days of production. The results also showed variations in gas production between daytime and night hours with minimal gas production recorded at night hours and peak production during the daytime. It was concluded that cow dung requires shorter retention time to initiate production of biogas when compared with that of the aquatic weeds and therefore can be used to sustained biogas production in aquatic weed at the early stage.

Generation and analysis of biogas from kitchen waste at a small scale

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Md. Kumail Naqvi ◽  
Mrinal Anthwal ◽  
Ravindra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Retention Period ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Replacement Model ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Small Period

Biogas is the product of anaerobic vitiation of biodegradable matter. This paper focuses on the need of alternative and green sources of energy at a household level and how biogas produced from the everyday organic waste has the potential and possibility to replace LPG cylinders at houses, shops etc. and empower us to step towards an eco-friendly future. The purpose this small-scale experiment has been to find the perfect input matter that is easy to acquire and which produces the maximum amount of gas from minimum input and within small period of waste retention. Four different types of input waste material containing different quantities of cow dung and kitchen food waste were studied through individual experimental setups. Waste was mixed and kept at room temperature and the pH and total solid concentration of the samples were recorded on regular intervals. From the experiment it was found that the optimum yield of biogas at a small scale, based on the parameters such as retention period, pH and total solid con-centration can be obtained by the use of food waste form households and kitchens. The exact composition has been discussed in this paper. The energy generated by the small-scale generator has also been compared to that of an LPG cylinder and an LPG replacement model has also been presented.

scholarly journals Suitability of Macrophytes for Wastewater Treatment and Biogas Generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Almost All

In this paper three sustainable approaches are made in waste management option. Firstly primary treated domestic sewage is treated by aquatic macrophytes using duckweed, water hyacinth and water lettuce. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Phosphate, Nitrates are tested before and after. Result indicates in terms of water quality, almost all three plants shows same removal efficiencies. BOD and TSS removal efficiency is attained more than 95%. COD and TDS removal is reached upto 50% for almost all plants. Secondly the used aquatic macrophytes for wastewater treatment is again used for generation of biogas (water lettuce unit, duckweed unit, water lettuce unit). In addition to three aquatic macrophytes, sludge is collected from aquatic macrophyte unit for generation of biogas. Comparison is made with conventional cow dung biogas unit. Result indicates water lettuce and duckweed produce biogas at earlier stage itself and water hyacinth takes some time for starting of biogas production. This may be due to the structure and texture causes some time for decomposition. Sludge gives maximum biogas generation among all experimental setup. Also in this study cow dung did not give biogas more may be due to poor blend ratio of cow dung with water is one of the reason.

scholarly journals Biogas Production from Anaerobic Digestion of Biodegradable Household Wastes

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harka Man Lungkhimba ◽  
Amrit Bahadur Karki ◽  
Jagan Nath Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Cellulosic Waste ◽  
In The Beginning

This study focuses on production of biogas as an alternative energy by using biodegradable wastes (BWs) in view of solving waste management at household level. The research was conducted on ARTI model compact biogas plant of 1 m3 digester and 0.75 m3 gasholder in focusing the management of daily collected biodegradable wastes (1-2 kg) produced from households. Both laboratory and field analyses were carried out. Methane content in biogas was determined by Biogas Analyzer Gas Board-3200P. Average maximum of about 235 l gas was recorded per day with corresponding to 65 min/day burning hour with the gas flame of energy value 1.55 MJ/h. According to the plant owners, the burning period of the gas was approximately 2 h/day during the spring and pre-monsoon seasons. The average gas production (per kg) from fresh waste materials was approximately 60 l. The use of high moisture containing cellulosic waste materials and incomplete digestion due to lower digester temperature were the major causes of lower gas yield. The proportion of methane exceeded by carbondioxide in the beginning but then after gradually methane exceeded carbondioxide and reached 56.43% on an average. Although fertilizer value in terms of NPK increased gradually but it remained below 1% except K, which was found to be 1.22%. Simple payback periods of 4.81, 7.57 and 7.20 years were found in kerosene, firewood, and LPG substitutions respectively. Key words: alternative energy; biogas analyzer; compact biogas plant; methane; simple payback period DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4140Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 167-172

Study of Anaerobic Digestion of Model Kitchen Waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2692-2696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Fan Liu ◽  
Yong Wei Liao ◽  
Jie Liang ◽  
Shu Ting Lai
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Volatile Solid ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Seed Sludge

The characteristics such as pH, dry matter, carbon concentration, the total solid and volatile solid of kitchen wastes produced by a canteen in Guangzhou were measured. The anaerobic digestion process performances were evaluated through the examination of operational conditions like activated sludge inoculation, temperature on SS, biogas production, COD concentration and pH in the reactor. When the proportion between kitchen wastes to seed sludge inoculation was 1:1, the biogas production reached the peak at 45 °C. The kitchen waste pH decreased at the first four days then increased adversely after 4 days digestion, but COD concentration showed the opposite variation.

scholarly journals Kinetic Study on Biogas Production from Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Waste and Its Blend with Animal Manure Using Logistic Function Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Christian C. Opurum
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Significant Difference

This research paper aimed to evaluate the kinetics of anaerobic digestion (AD) of mixtures of cabbage waste (CW) with (Poultry dropping (PD) and Cow dung (CD). The study was conducted in 10L bio-digesters for 35 days under mesophilic conditions (25 - 35OC). Logistic function equation was used to simulate the experimental data to test for its goodness of fit and kinetic parameters namely: maximum biogas potential (Pb), the maximum biogas production rate (Rm), and the lag phase duration (λ) were estimated in each treatment. Chemical analysis showed that individual substrates possess characteristics that could support microbial activities in biogas production. The biogas yield in terms of added  volatile solids (VS) in decreasing order was as follows: 0.022, 0.018, 0.017, 0.014, 0.014 and 0.013 dm3/g VS for CW/CD 2:1, CW/PD3:1, CW/CD 1:1, CW alone, CW/PD1:1 and  CW/PD 2:1, respectively. A significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in biogas yield was recorded in CW/CD 2:1 with 7.19 dm3 (53.29% increase). The kinetic parameters (Pb, Rm, and λ) for CW/CD 2:1 was 7.01 dm3, 1.58 dm3.d, and 2.29 days, respectively. This was followed by CW/PD 3:1 (5.84 dm3); with 24.92% increase in gas production and CW/CD 1:1 (5.42 dm3) with 15.53% increase relative to CW alone, 4.69 dm3. The digesters fed with CW/PD 1:1 and CW/PD 2:1 exhibited inhibitory effects on biogas production, with 7.51 and 2.05% decrease in gas yield, respectively. The logistic function model demonstrated a strong relationship between the experimental and model-predicted data. The high correlation coefficient (R2) ranging between 0.978 - 0.993 is evident. The model proved to be a useful tool in predicting anaerobic digestion and biogas production process.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Water Hyacinth for Biogas Production in a Plug Flow Anaerobic Digester

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Soeprijanto Soeprijanto ◽  
I Dewa Ayu Agung Warmadewanthi ◽  
Melania Suweni Muntini ◽  
Arino Anzip
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) causes ecological and economic problems because it grows very fast and quickly consumes nutrients and oxygen in water bodies, affecting both the flora and fauna; besides, it can form blockages in the waterways, hindering fishing and boat use. However, this plant contains bioactive compounds that can be used to produce biofuels. This study investigated the effect of various substrates as feedstock for biogas production. A 125-l plug-flow anaerobic digester was utilized and the hydraulic retention time was 14 days; cow dung was inoculated into water hyacinth at a 2:1 mass ratio over 7 days. The maximum biogas yield, achieved using a mixture of natural water hyacinth and water (NWH-W), was 0.398 l/g volatile solids (VS). The cow dung/water (CD-W), hydrothermally pretreated water hyacinth/digestate, and hydrothermally pretreated water hyacinth/water (TWH-W) mixtures reached biogas yields of 0.239, 0.2198, and 0.115 l/g VS, respectively. The NWH-W composition was 70.57% CH4, 12.26% CO2, 1.32% H2S, and 0.65% NH3. The modified Gompertz kinetic model provided data satisfactorily compatible with the experimental one to determine the biogas production from various substrates. TWH-W and NWH-W achieved, respectively, the shortest and (6.561 days) and the longest (7.281 days) lag phase, the lowest (0.133 (l/g VS)/day) and the highest (0.446 (l/g VS)/day) biogas production rate, and the maximum and (15.719 l/g VS) and minimum (4.454 l/g VS) biogas yield potential.

scholarly journals Anaerobic digestion of tannery solid waste by mixing with different substrates

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Basak ◽  
MA Rouf ◽  
MD Hossain ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
T Rabeya
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Tannery Solid Waste

The tannery solid waste (fleshing) was collected from Hazaribagh, Dhaka. It has been found that fleshing contains 82.57% volatile matter. Further characterization of fleshing showed that it contains low C/N ratio of 2.64 and high pH of 10.99. These characteristics were not suitable for using fleshing as a substrate for anaerobic digestion. The study has been carried out in different ratio of waste fleshing, domestic sewage and cow dung at total solid 6% concentration. In all the reactors fleshing and domestic sewage were mixed at 1:1 ratio. On the basis of the performance of the reactors it was evident that the reactor which contains 75% fleshing with domestic sewage and 25% cow dung showed optimum result. Under optimum condition volatile solids destruction 52%, specific gas production 0.476 L/g volatile solids feed and methane yield 73% were achieved. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i2.22006 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(2), 119-124, 2014

scholarly journals Biogas production from household solid waste-an alternative solid waste treatment for a communal scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 06016
Author(s):  
Slamet Raharjo ◽  
Puti S. Komala ◽  
Adjar Pratoto
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Household Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Treatment

Current practice in Indonesia shows that Household Solid Waste (HSW) is handled by transferring to landfill site. Meanwhile, around 68% of HSW is composed of biodegradable components, which has potential for biogas production. The current study compares some commercial activators including Green Phosko (GP7) and Effective microorganisms 4 (EM4) with homemade activator in 200 L anaerobic digester equipped with manual mixing for processing kitchen waste (KW). pH and ratio of solid waste to water were set at 8 and 1:2, respectively. Batch experiments show that digester #3 with homemade activator shows superior performance compared to commercial activators. Meanwhile, the digesters with commercial activators show better performance compared to digester control (without activator). Digester #3 produces 1.35 L CH4/kg total solid (TS) and 1.14 L CH4/kg volatile solid (VS). Current work suggests that the homemade activator has the most suitable methanogen bacterium compared to the commercial activators.

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