scholarly journals The Fertility Impact of Changes in the Timing of Childbearing in Nepal

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
T. R. Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Parity Progression ◽  
Annual Change ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Slow Pace ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Over Time

The main aim of this paper is to study the tempo effect in fertility (B-F0 procedure and parity progression-based techniques have been used to check the tempo effects in fertility schedules. B-F procedure has been modified by smoothing annual change in mean age at childbearing over time. Data are taken from NFHS 1996. These techniques yielded a consistent tempo free period TFR for Nepal. These were found to be suitable for adjusting period fertility, especially when fertility is subject to fluctuating tempo effects. It was also found that the tempo effect amounted to be 0.4 births per women in 1991 whereas it was 0.3 birth per women in 1994. Women are likely to delay their childbearing, which implies that observed fertility is lower than it would have been without tempo changes. The period fertility was declining somewhat slow pace, and declined from as about 5 births in 1989 to as about 4 births in 1995. <i>Nepal Journal of Science and Technology</i> Vol. 7, 2006

scholarly journals Trends in Disability Among Adults 55-64 in the United States and England From 2002 to 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 303-303
Author(s):  
HwaJung Choi ◽  
Robert Schoeni ◽  
Tsai-Chin Cho ◽  
Kenneth Langa
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Income Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Change ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The Us ◽  
Disability Prevalence ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The paper’s goal is to assess whether and, if so, the extent to which prevalence in disability of adults near retirement ages in the US increased over time compared to their peers in England and examine income group differences in the relative trends. This study uses 2002-2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) focusing on adults aged 55-64. Annual percent changes over the period of 2002-2016 for limitations in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and activities of daily living (ADL) are estimated for each survey (HRS and ELSA) using multivariable logistic regressions to adjust for individual-level characteristics While disability prevalence of adults ages 55-64 in England improved over the years of 2002-2016 (annual % change= -2.01 for IADL; - 2.53 for ADL), disability prevalence of US adults has not improved and in fact even worsened in terms of IADL (annual % change= +1.35). There are substantial variations in the IADL/ADL trends by income groups. In the US, the adverse trends in disability were more pronounced among the lowest income groups (annual % change in IADL=1.76 for bottom 20% vs. -2.08 for top 20%; annual % change in ADL=1.08 for bottom 20% vs. -2.08 for top 20%). In England, the disability status improved over time for all but the lowest income group. We will examine further to identify specific factors contributing to divergent/convergent trends in disability between the US and England.

A comparative study of RFID adoption patterns in retail

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Narges Kasiri ◽  
G. Scott Erickson ◽  
Gerd Wolfram
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Slow Pace ◽  
The Us ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Over Time

Radio frequency identification (RFID) has been viewed as a promising technology for quite some time. Initially developed a couple of decades ago, the technology has been accompanied by predictions of imminent widespread adoption since its beginnings. A majority of retailers and other users are now using or planning to use the technology. This paper employs a combination of the technology-organization-environment (TOE) model and the 3-S (substitution, scale, structural) model to analyze the long journey of RFID adoption in retail. Top retail executives in the US and Europe were interviewed to investigate RFID adoption patterns based on differences in technological, organizational, and environmental circumstances. As the retail industry is moving into a post-adoption era, these results demonstrate the current stage of retail RFID adoption, identify factors playing important roles over time as motivators or impediments, and provide some insight into the slow pace of adoption.

scholarly journals STRATEGI KOLABORASI DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN TRADISIONAL DI KABUPATEN SUBANG

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Irvan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The People ◽  
Traditional Arts ◽  
Performing Art ◽  
Over Time

Abstrak Kesenian tradisional memegang peranan dalam pencirian dan menjadi kekhasan suatu daerah. Bagi wilayah administratif yang menjadi cikal bakal suatu kesenian daerah tentu saja tidak sulit untuk menyebut istilah kesenian khas dan menjadi milik daerah tersebut. Lain halnya dengan wilayah administratif yang tidak memiliki kesenian daerah sehingga akan berusaha menciptakan sebuah kesenian untuk dijadikan sebagai kesenian khas bagi daerahnya. Beruntunglah bagi Kabupaten Subang yang menjadi cikal bakal beberapa kesenian yang terlahir dan besar di daerahnya. Tidak hanya sampai disitu, Pelestarian dan pengembangan kesenian tradisional tampak serius dilakukan. Hal tersebut terlihat dari papan nama berbagai kesenian (tradisional) di beberapa ruas jalan dalam wilayah Kabupaten Subang. Seiring berjalannya waktu tampak jelas terlihat adanya perubahan dalam pernak pernik atau tahapan pertunjukan pada beberapa seni pertunjukan tradisional. Kondisi tersebut pada akhirnya mengundang keingintahuan mengenai strategi kolaborasi apa yang membuat seni pertunjukan tradisional masih tetap diminati masyarakat Subang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis yang didukung dengan data lintas waktu baik dari sumber sekunder maupun dari pernyataan informan mengenai seni pertunjukan tradisional di Kabupaten Subang. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa kolaborasi yang dilakukan meliputi kolaborasi lintas waktu dan lintas ruang yang masih dibatasi oleh seperangkat aturan agar kolaborasi tidak melenceng dari identitas ketradisionalannya.AbstractTraditional arts play a role in the characterization of a region. The Regency of Subang became the pioneer for inventing and creating some traditional arts. They were born and grew in the area, and their preservation and development are seriously taken into consideration. It is evident that some changes occurred over time, for example in the accessories or phase of performances at several traditional performing arts. ThisNaskah Diterima: 28 Februari 2013Naskah Disetujui: 2 April 2013condition makes the author curious about the strategy of collaboration that makes the people of Subang interested in traditional performing art. The author conducted descriptive analytical method supported by cross-time data either from primary or secondary sources. The result shows that the strategy of collaboration across time and space in traditional performing

scholarly journals Adhering to the 2017 Dutch Physical Activity Guidelines: A Trend over Time 2001–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Marjolein Duijvestijn ◽  
Saskia W. van den Berg ◽  
G. C. Wanda Wendel-Vos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Health Enhancing Physical Activity ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Recently, new physical activity (PA) guidelines were adopted in the Netherlands consisting of two components: (1) addressing duration of moderate and vigorous PA, (2) bone and muscle strengthening activities. The aim of this study is to retrospectively assess the long-term trend in fulfilling the criteria of the new PA guidelines and to gain insight into which activities contribute to changes over time. Data were available for 2001–2018 of a nationally representative sample of approximately 7000 Dutch citizens aged 12 years and over using the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed by age, sex, and level of education. Overall, a positive trend was found from 39.9% adherence in 2001 to 46.0% in 2018. Adherence levels among adolescents decreased and increased among adults and seniors. Intermediate and higher educated groups showed positive trends over time whereas a stable trend was observed among lower educated. Activities contributing most to changes over time were sports, leisure time walking, and strenuous occupational activities. In the period 2001–2018, though an increasing trend was found, less than half of the population was sufficiently active. Special effort is necessary to reach adolescents, seniors, and lower educated groups in PA promotion programs.

scholarly journals Systemic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of intravitreal aflibercept injection in patients with retinal diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K Kaiser ◽  
Laurent Kodjikian ◽  
Jean-Francois Korobelnik ◽  
Julia Winkler ◽  
Albert Torri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Diabetic Macular Oedema ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Intravitreal Aflibercept ◽  
Change In Mean

ObjectiveExplore relationships between systemic exposure to intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) and systemic pharmacodynamic effects via post hoc analyses of clinical trials of IAI for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) or diabetic macular oedema (DME).Methods and analysisAdults from VGFT-OD-0702.PK (n=6), VGFT-OD-0512 (n= 5), VIEW 2 (n=1204) and VIVID-DME (n=404) studies were included. Validated ELISAs were used to measure concentrations of free and bound aflibercept (reported as adjusted bound) in plasma at predefined time points in each study. Non-compartmental analysis of concentration–time data was obtained with dense sampling in VGFT-OD-0702.PK and VGFT-OD-0512. Sparse sampling was used in VIEW 2 and VIVID-DME. Blood pressure or intrarenal function changes were also investigated.ResultsFollowing intravitreal administration, free aflibercept plasma concentrations quickly decreased once maximum concentrations were achieved at 1–3 days postdose; pharmacologically inactive adjusted bound aflibercept concentrations increased over a longer period and reached plateau 7 days postdose. Ratios of free and adjusted bound aflibercept decreased over time. There were no meaningful changes in systolic/diastolic blood pressure over the duration of each study at all systemic aflibercept exposure levels. For all treatment arms in VIEW 2, there was no clinically relevant change in mean intrarenal function from baseline at week 52. Overall, incidence of systemic adverse events in VIEW 2 and VIVID-DME was low and consistent with the known safety profile of IAI.ConclusionIAI administration was not associated with systemic effects in patients with nAMD or DME as measured by blood pressure or intrarenal function, two known pharmacologically relevant effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF LONELINESS AND RURAL RESIDENCE ON DEPRESSION IN LATER LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S828-S828
Author(s):  
Na Sun ◽  
Cassandra Hua ◽  
Xiao Qiu ◽  
J Scott Brown
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Latent Curve ◽  
Rural Residency ◽  
Latent Curve Models ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Loneliness is associated with depression among older adults. Limited research has examined the role of rurality in relationship to loneliness and depression; the extant research has mixed findings. The socioemotional selectivity theory states that as people age the quality of relationships become more important than the quantity (English & Carstensen, 2016). Individuals in rural areas may have a low quantity of relationships but deeper social ties within the community; thus, they may be less likely to become depressed over time. The association between loneliness and depression may be amplified for people in non-rural areas because they are surrounded by other people but lack close relationships that are most important during the aging process. This study examines the effect of living in rural areas on loneliness on predicting baseline depression and loneliness, as well as changes in these outcomes over time. Data are from the 2006-2014 waves of Health Retirement Study. Regression models examine the relationship between depression loneliness and rural residence controlling for health conditions and demographic characteristics. Latent curve models examine the disparity in trajectories of loneliness and depressive symptoms by urban and rural residence. Older adults who feel lonely (p&lt;.001) and in urban areas (p&lt;.0.05) are more likely to be depressed. Furthermore, the effect of loneliness on depression is weakened by rural residence (p&lt;.05). It is salient to understand the protective effect of rural residency on depression among older adults in the U.S. We discuss implications for policy.

scholarly journals Variation of Efficacy of Filtering Face Pieces Respirators over Time in a Dental Setting: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Vittorio Checchi ◽  
Marco Montevecchi ◽  
Luigi Checchi
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Over Time

Since aerosol continuously persists in dental settings, where different procedures and patients come in succession, the use of oronasal masks is highly recommended. Among them, respirators known as Filtering Face Pieces (FFP) show a protective superiority compared to surgical masks. Even concerning respirators classified as non-reusable, it is not known how many hours of use are necessary to compromise their filtering capacity. The aim of this study is to investigate the variations of filtering capacity of an FFP2 respirator over time, in order to safely optimize the timing of its use. Five respirators were worn by the same operator during clinical activity for different usage times (8, 16, 24, 32, 40 h), and one respirator was kept unused. All respirators underwent a bacterial filtration efficacy (BFE) test. T-test for paired data with Bootstrap technique and Wilcoxon test for paired data compared BFE values of the five tested FFP2s respectively at each time, and the areas with the corresponding values of the control respirator (FFp2-F). A generalized linear mixed effect model (GLM) was applied considering type of respirator and time as fixed effects and intercept as random effect. No significant statistical differences were present in the BFE of each time. Data obtained by the present study highlight the important ability of FFP2s to maintain their BFE over time, suggesting a long lasting protective function.

Embryonic stages: morphology, timing, and variance in the toad Bombina orientalis

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1540-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sussman ◽  
T. W. Betz
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Bombina Orientalis ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
Stage Change ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Lapse Photography

A Staged series (n = 25–476} with time data for Bombina orientalis embryonic development is presented. Stages for Bombina and Rana pipiens seem identical except that approximately 50% of opercular closures are symmetrical in Bombina. Counting numbers of embryos at a stage at regular intervals allowed mathematical interpolation of the average time of stage change. A single systematic curve fit the average time per stage of embryonic development, while the increase with time in variance per stage of development was primarily linear. It is possible that the increasing complexity of morphological interstage changes causes increases in the interstage interval and variance per stage over time. The reported method of arriving al a staged series for a previously undocumented species seems more efficient than time-lapse photography. The unusually easy maintenance and dependability or Bombina, contrasting with some amphibians, suggest its use where others have been less practical.

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