scholarly journals Nexus of the Remittances and Entrepreneurship in Nepal: Critical Observations from Ilam District

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Madhav Prasad Mainali
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strategic Project

Foreign employment has provided alternative opportunities for livelihood and contributed for a remittance based economy in Nepal at present. In the context of Nepal, the present study has been carried out with the overall objective to explore the roles of remittances in terms of both monetary and social capital gained from foreign employment in entrepreneurship development, particularly agribusiness enterprises owned by the returnee migrant workers in Nepal. In terms of framework, the study has followed the migration in optimistic perspective. The study has shown that the economic status of the majority of respondents has improved since beginning their agribusiness enterprises. In addition to economic status, the social status of the respondents has also seen improvements through operating their agribusiness. Remittances gained from foreign employment has been an unavoidable factor for entrepreneurship development in the country of origin. But, the important thing is; whether the remittances have been used in the productive sectors, particularly in entrepreneurship development or not. Capital investment, employment creation, research and innovation are seen the opportunities of agribusiness which can lead to the sustainable livelihood of returnee migrant workers. In turn, policy reforms and strategic project interventions from concerned authorities are critically important for the entrepreneurship and productive use of the remittance.

scholarly journals Sustainable Livelihood and Socio-economic Status: A Study on the Role of Microfinance in Sonitpur District of Assam

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Nikita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Block ◽  
Status Index

In todays world, it is imperative to earn a sustainable livelihood which can cope-up with unforeseen shock or disaster and can recover from the same to live a life in a better way. In this study, focus has been given on the role played by micro finance in supporting the livelihood generating activities by helping in acquiring the livelihood assets. Further, the changes in the socio economic status of the beneficiaries of micro finance have also been studied. This study has been conducted in two randomly selected development blocks of Sonitpur district in Assam viz. Balipara development block and Rangapara development block. A sampling size of 400units has been taken up for collecting the primary data required for the study, consisting of the members of theSelf-Help Groups (SHGs) as the sampling unit. The collected primary data have been analyzed with the help of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)software, have shown positive results regarding acquiring the livelihood assets by the rural folk with the help of micro finance. Moreover, Social Status Index and Economic Status Index has also been computed to study the socio-economic changes among the beneficiaries of micro finance.

scholarly journals Inhabiting the Shifting Edge: Increasing the Adaptive Capacity of Coastal Sand Spit Communities in a Changing Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sibyl Ella May Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sand Spit

<p>This masters thesis uses urban design and landscape architecture to investigate the role of open spaces in increasing the adaptive capacity of New Zealand's sand spit communities in the face of climate related change. In order to respond to potential climate related change, the design of open spaces should acknowledge the crucial role that natural processes and ecosystems play in protecting coastal environments. Urban design and landscape architecture have the potential to encourage interaction at the interface of the social and ecological systems within these coastal communities. The design of public open space can encourage more sensitive development patterns and increase the communities' awareness of coastal processes. These spaces can become the focus of social capital building while ensuring the environment has the capacity to absorb potential climate related changes. This research focuses on three sand spit resort communities on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. Through a series of design studies, a range of strategies are proposed and tested in response to the potential impacts of climate change and sea level rise. The exclusive and expensive coastal development trend is augmented to provide for all potential beach users. Diversification in both the users, and types of use, in these coastal areas will increase the social capital investment and awareness, further building the adaptive capacity of the spit system.</p>

scholarly journals Spatial Panel Data Analysis on the Relationship between Provincial Economic Status and Enrolment in the Social Security Scheme amongst Migrant Workers in Thailand, 2015–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Shaheda Viriyathorn ◽  
Mathudara Phaiyarom ◽  
Putthipanya Rueangsom ◽  
Rapeepong Suphanchaimat
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Security Scheme ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Security Scheme ◽  
Spatial Panel Data ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Thailand has a large flow of migrants from neighbouring countries; however, the relationship between economic status at the provincial level and the insured status of migrants is still vague. This study aimed to examine the association between provincial economy and the coverage of the Social Security Scheme (SSS) for migrants. Methods: Time-series data were analysed. The units of analysis were 77 provinces during 2015–2018. Data were obtained from the Social Security Office (SSO). Spatiotemporal regression (Spatial Durbin model (SDM)) was applied. Results: Migrant workers were mostly concentrated in Greater Bangkok, the capital city and areas surrounding it, but SSS coverage was less than 50%. However, the ratio of insured migrants to all migrants seemed to have positive relationship with the provincial economy in SDM. The ratio of insured migrants to all migrants was enlarged in all regions outside Greater Bangkok with statistical significance. Conclusions: Low enforcement on employment law in some areas, particularly Greater Bangkok, can result in lesser SSS coverage. The provincial economic prosperity did not guarantee large SSS coverage. Interventions to ensure strict insurance enrolment are required.

scholarly journals Only connect? Older lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) adults and social capital

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANN CRONIN ◽  
ANDREW KING
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Bisexual

ABSTRACTThe concept of social capital is widely used in the social sciences and has, to an extent, been applied to the lives and social networks of older lesbian, gay and bisexual (hereafter LGB) adults. Developing existing research, this paper argues that while not without its problems, the concept of social capital enriches our understanding of these networks, whilst simultaneously deconstructing the negative stereotypes surrounding homosexuality in later life. However, little attention has been paid to the social factors that mediate access and participation in lesbian and gay communities and the implications of this on the quality and experience of later life. Drawing on qualitative research conducted in the United Kingdom, this paper illustrates how biography, gender and socio-economic status are significant mediators in the development and maintenance of social capital by older LGB adults. It concludes with a set of recommendations aimed at improving the social capital of older LGB adults, together with the importance of ‘queering’ the concept itself.

scholarly journals Social Capital, Entrepreneurship and Rural Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Gunawan Prayitno
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village

Arjowilangun Village is one of the most significant areas of origination in the Malang Regency for Indonesian migrant workers aiming to work overseas. The remittance sent by Indonesian migrant workers can be utilised to support the Desmigrative program, namely by establishing and developing entrepreneurship. The growth and development of entrepreneurship can be formed from the participation of the village community. Community participation in developing independent entrepreneurship can in turn boost village development. In line with Indonesian culture, rural communities still put forward kinship, trust, mutual cooperation, networking and high social norms (social capital component). This research aims to identify the social capital of retired Indonesian migrant workers and their decision to start business entrepreneurship. The results of the Social Network Analysis (SNA) as identified through three approaches: rate of participation, density and centrality showed that 14 respondents had the potential to be key figures in spreading information to increase community participation in village development. While the results of the correlation analysis indicate that the decision to start a business were influenced by the high value of their social capital, higher social capital can encourage the community to become entrepreneurs, enabling them to have a positive influence on village development.  Keywords: Migrant worker, Social Capital, Entrepreneurship, Rural Development

Retailers' CSR: the effects of legitimacy and social capital

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyoung Kim ◽  
Sejin Ha ◽  
Clarissa Fong
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This study aims to investigate consumer perception of community and employee oriented CSR program, and examine how retailers' CSR activities lead to social (i.e. legitimization) and financial support. Further, by taking the social context into account, this research examine the moderating effect of consumer engagement in community social capital on the relationship between perceived retailers' CSR action and retailer legitimization. Design/methodology/approach – Pre-test was conducted with 144 students to validate the measurement model. A total of 220 responses from US consumers were used for the main-test, and multiple group analysis in structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed in order to test the structural model. Findings – The result indicates that when retailers are perceived as adhering to social norms through their CSR actions, they gain legitimacy and support from the consumers within the community. Further, consumer social capital moderates the relationship between perceived CSR and retailer legitimacy. Practical implications – Findings of this research can provide retail marketers with practical implication in developing their CSR strategy catering to the community members. Understanding consumers with higher level of social capital investment will increase the capability and effectiveness of the retailers' CSR activities. Originality/value – This research offers theoretical contributions to the current research stream of CSR studies by testing the moderating effect of consumers' engagement in the social environment on consumers' legitimization and support toward retailers that perform CSR activities. This study also provides new perspective on assessing the outcome of retailers' CSR actions by focusing on both social and financial dimensions.

scholarly journals Social Capital and Educational Aspiration of Students: Does Family Social Capital Affect More Compared to School Social Capital?

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Shahidul ◽  
A. H. M. Zehadul Karim ◽  
S. Mustari
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Educational Aspiration ◽  
Educational Plan ◽  
Family Social Capital ◽  
The Social ◽  
School Social Capital ◽  
Level Of Aspiration

<p class="apa">Resources from multiple social contexts influence students’ educational aspiration. In the field of social capital a neglected issue is how students obtain social capital from varying contexts and which contexts benefit them more to shape their future educational plan which consequently affects their level of aspiration. In this study, we aim to examine whether the students’ social capital, which is created by their families, has an extensive effect in shaping their educational aspiration compared to the social capital which is created in schools. We use the information collected from 553 students, their parents and 225 teachers from 12 selected secondary schools in Bangladesh. We conduct a series of multiple linear regression analyses to estimate the influence of family social capital and school social capital on the dependent variable of educational aspiration. To compare the effect size of family social capital and school social capital we consider the standardized Beta (β) weights of these two variables. The results show that beyond the socio-economic status, both family social capital and school social capital positively affect students’ educational aspiration. In addition, when we compare the effect size of these two variables, results show that family social capital has more strength compared to school social capital to predict the educational aspiration outcome of students.</p>

scholarly journals Mitigation and Adaptation Analysis of the Climate Change Impact Using Sustainable Livelihood Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.5) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deffi Ayu Puspito Sari ◽  
Faroby Falatehan ◽  
Diki Surya Irawan ◽  
Gede Sedana ◽  
Robbi Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to identify and analyze the farmers’ perception of the climate variability and the impacts of the climate variability, identify and analyze the vulnerability and the income of the farmers due to the climate variability, identify and analyze the farmer strategy in anticipating and adapting the climate variability and recommending the adaptation mechanism based on engineering, institutional, technological, social, economic, and cultural organizations to the farmer in responding to the climate variability. Most of the farmers know and understand the climate change information from the television. Farmers mostly feel this climate change through the increase in temperature and the number of dry days. The impact of the climate change affects the livelihood of the farmers, not a few farmers suffered the losses due to the decreased in productivity. To reduce the decrease in income, the farmers increase the use of input, thus affecting the income of the farmers. The results of a comparison of the farmers between 2009 and 2015, there is an increase in productivity and revenue, but this increase is lower than the increased costs incurred by the farmers. This resulted in lower revenues of the farmers in 2015 than in 2009. There are 3 kinds of the strategies which is undertaken by the farmers: economic, ecological and social adaptation. For the economic adaptation, the expectations of the farmers to the capital assets are higher than the actual condition. Ideally, the highest ideal expected by the farmers is physical capital, while the lowest is social capital. Meanwhile, for the ecological adaptation, the community seeks to improve the irrigation channel, replace commodities and utilize the appropriate technology. As for the social adaptation, farmers are expecting the help from the government.  The policy implications from this research are: 1) the farmer in Jatiluwih are mostly aware of climate change, some strategies have been implemented by the farmers to maintain their income that affected by the climate change such as to work in the city or become a tour guide in their area. Based on the analysis of the sustainable livelihood, the farmers' expectation of physical capital such as electricity, water, irrigation, and roads are relatively high compared to the other capital. Because of the cost of supply is high, the provision of the physical capital is not easy, the government intervention is needed. Therefore, the farmers are expecting the government to be able to improve the condition of these facilities, especially for the irrigation. Irrigation plays an important role in farming. 2) The social capital of the farmers is high, the farmers have a good relationship with the government, indigenous people, and farmer groups. Therefore, in addition to providing the physical assistance, the government can also conduct the guidance and socialization on reducing the impact of the climate change through farmer or cultural group.   

scholarly journals MODAL SOSIAL KOMUNITAS DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI PURNA PEKERJA MIGRAN PEREMPUAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-39
Author(s):  
Arif Rofiuddin ◽  
Ida Ruwaida
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Assets ◽  
Economic Capacity ◽  
Female Migrant

Abstract: This study aims to determine the empowerment carried out by the community in increasing the economic and social capacity of former female migrant workers. The research design used was descriptive qualitative. The research instruments included interview guides, observation guidelines and documentation. The results showed that the empowerment carried out by the community in increasing economic capacity had progressed and increased compared to before. The community here has social capital in the form of a social network in the social sphere to increase economic assets for former female migrant workers. Social capital itself has the power to capitalize social relations, including values, social networks and trust to obtain economic and social benefits.Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  pemberdayaan yang dilakukan komunitas dalam meningkatkan kemampuan ekonomi dan social para mantan buruh migran perempuan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif.Instrumen penelitian meliputi pedoman wawancara, pedoman observasi dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh komunitas dalam meningkatkan kemampuan ekonomi mengalami kemajuan dan peningkatan dibandingkan sebelumnya. Komunitas disini  memiliki modal sosial yang  berupa jaringan  social dalam lingkup social untuk  menaikan asset ekonomi bagi para mantan buruh migran perempuan. Modal social sendiri memiliki kekuatan dalam mengkapitalisasiakn relasi-relasi social, mencakup nilai-norma, jaringan social dan kepercayaan untuk memperoleh keuntungan ekonomi dan social.

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