scholarly journals Eksperymenty nad tożsamością płciową mężczyzn w twórczości Marka Hłaski

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Mosak
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
Natural Way

The present article aims to analyse the depictions of male protagonists in the oeuvre of Marek Hłasko. The post-World War Two crisis of hegemonic masculinity resulted in transformations of male and female gender identities in the 1950s. What seems to reflect the said reconfiguration of masculinity model are the changes occurring between the main protagonists of the particular pieces of Hłasko’s prose. In the 1954 short story entitled Baza Sokołowska, the men’s identities are, in the natural way, embedded in biology. In order to join the male community of drivers and gain their respect, it is enough to go through an initiation ritual. In the prose written by Hłasko after 1955, however, more and more often appear the male characters who humiliate the young and thwart them on their way to join masculine community, yet simultaneously some characters are presented who contest forms of patriarchal culture and refuse to participate in it. Hłasko’s Israeli novels, in turn, feature a series of male protagonists for whom gender (or even sexual) identity is merely a social construct. The narrator/protagonist of Drugie zabicie psa (Killing the Second Dog) would even consciously “perform” his masculinity to obtain an affluent female tourist’s trust and, as a result, to cozen her out of her money, which he needs to pay back his debts.The analysis of Marek Hłasko’s selected prose writings focused on the representation of various masculinity models leads the author of the article to a conclusion that male gender identity is consistently shifting towards constructivist concepts.

Chronic physical stress differences between genders in a military training on the Amazon jungle

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Y.R. de Souza ◽  
F.B. Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Physical Stress ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Before And After

This study aimed to investigate the gender difference in the manifestation of physical stress in a strenuous military training on Amazon jungle, using alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) markers, measured before and after an adaptation to jungle training. The sample consisted of 49 military volunteers, 35 male and 14 female, recently moved to the Amazon region. All plasma levels rose after the training. Serum ALT (male and female) and AST (male and female), although borderline, remained within normal limits. Already plasma levels of CK (both male and female) and LDH (male and female) largely exceeded the normal range. The average of all markers listed in female gender remained below the levels of the male gender. However, significant differences in biomarkers ALT, AST and CK between genders were found. The study points out that, in a jungle environment, biometric markers ALT, AST, CK and LDH are efficient for monitoring chronic physical stress in both genders, when used in combination. The influence of the weather on the occurrence of physical stress in unacclimated people of both genders, and the lower responses in the levels of ALT, AST, LDH and CK in females were discussed basing on the scientific literature.

John Lehmann’s War Effort: The Penguin New Writing (1940–1950)

2020 ◽  
pp. 250-272
Author(s):  
Tessa Thorniley
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Elizabeth Bowen ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
Graham Greene ◽  
Literary Periodicals ◽  
The World ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Rosamond Lehmann

John Lehmann’s The Penguin New Writing (1940-1950) is considered one of the finest literary periodicals of World War Two. The journal was committed to publishing writing about all aspects of wartime life, from the front lines to daily civilian struggles, by writers from around the world. It had an engaged readership and a high circulation. This chapter specifically considers Lehmann’s contribution to the wartime heyday for the short story form, through the example of The Penguin New Writing. By examining Lehmann’s editorial approach this chapter reveals the ways he actively engaged with his contributors, teasing and coaxing short stories out of them and contrasts this with the editorial style of Cyril Connolly at rival Horizon magazine. Stories by, and Lehmann’s interactions with, established writers such as Elizabeth Bowen, Henry Green and Rosamond Lehmann, the emerging writer William Sansom and working-class writers B.L Coombs and Jim Phelan, are the main focus of this chapter. The international outlook of the journal, which promoted satire from China alongside short, mocking works by Graham Greene, is also evaluated as an often overlooked aspect of Lehmann’s venture. Through the short stories and Lehmann’s editorials, this chapter traces how Lehmann sought to shape literature and to elevate the short story form. The chapter concludes by considering how the decline of the short story form in Britain from the 1950s onwards was closely linked to the demise of the magazines which had most actively supported it.

scholarly journals The male characters of Devi Bharathi short stories are a feminist vision

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (S-1) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Sinduja T
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Caste Discrimination ◽  
Age Of Information

The country that enhances the pride of the woman has risen in this earth. In today's age of information technology, women are progressing in various fields on par with men and more than men. They are confident that they can achieve anything in life. But a woman cannot live alone in society. They live on orders in one way or another. In the end, the woman's condition is reduced to a very bad state, no matter what mistakes the woman makes in her life. Women bear more responsibilities. Whether a man makes mistakes or a man makes mistakes, the woman ultimately accepts the consequences. In this way, the problems caused by men to women in devibharathi short story are manifestations of male and female relationship. The article is titled Male Characters A Feminist Vision in Devi Bharathi Short Story, focusing on psychological complexity and the effects of caste discrimination.

scholarly journals Dismantling the Cult of Manliness

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Capalbo
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
World War ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
The Waves

<p>Explores the argument that several of Virginia Woolf's male characters, including Septimus Smith, Mr. Ramsay, and Bernard (in The Waves), challenge traditional male gender expectations in Britain after World War I. Examines Woolf's use of the concept of manliness in structuring her novels and her presentation of a series of men who do not conform to the British ideal of masculinity and who, thereby, allow her to expose the multiple fallacies of that ideal and a culture supported by such a concept. Posits that Woolf's work suggests that a new, more inclusive, understanding of gender is an important first step towards true gender equality.</p>

‘We Must Feed the Men’

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
Gill Plain
Keyword(s):  
Women's Fiction ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
Masculine Identity ◽  
War Narratives ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Post War ◽  
Purposeful Activity

Gill Plain interrogates the trend towards domestic heteronormativity post World War Two in the light of the complex and profound disorientation of women’s post-war lives. She identifies a pervasive sense of personal, social and cultural loss, following the ‘smothering’ of wartime expectations, that often extended beyond the heterosexual matrix. Where ‘male’ plots reprogrammed masculine identity through purposeful activity beyond the home, the absence of plot in women’s fiction signals a lack of interest in the post-war rebuilding of the normative feminine psyche. The ‘resistant plotting’ of Pamela Hansford Johnson’s post-war trilogy, and its emphasis on the urgency of maternity, exhibits a turn toward the gothic. Male damage is offset by female guilt and the onset of a second childhood in her male characters, leading to a narrative of remasculinization. The largely absent figure of the child in post war narratives suggests a generation in mourning for its abruptly foreclosed childhood.

scholarly journals El género como variable de estudio en las características del juego en voleibol en categoría infantil (Gender as study variable in the game characteristics in volleyball Under-14 category)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 172-175
Author(s):  
Carmen Fernández Echeverría ◽  
Fernando Claver Rabaz ◽  
Jara González-Silva ◽  
Luis García González ◽  
M. Perla Moreno Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Study Variable ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
And Performance

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue analizar las características y rendimiento en la acción del saque en voleibol, en categoría infantil, en función del género. Se empleó una muestra de 2233 saques, correspondientes a la observación de los 32 equipos participantes en el Campeonato España de Selecciones autonómicas en categoría infantil, femenina y masculina. Las variables de estudio fueron: género del equipo, zona de origen de saque, tipo de saque, técnica de golpeo, eficacia del saque, zona a la que se dirige el saque y jugador al que se dirige el saque. Los resultados determinaron una asociación significativa entre las variables origen de saque, tipo de saque, técnica de golpeo y eficacia de saque, con el género de los equipos. Concretamente, contribuyeron positivamente a esta asociación el origen de saque desde zona 1, el saque en salto, el saque flotante y el saque que permite ataque en el género masculino; y el saque desde zona 6, el saque en apoyo, el saque potente, el error de saque, el saque que no permite ataque y el saque punto en el género femenino. Por ello, concluimos que desde etapas de formación encontramos diferencias en las características del saque y su eficacia en función del género, por lo que debemos tener en cuenta dichos resultados en el proceso de entrenamiento de esta acción técnico-táctica.Palabras claves: Género, saque, etapas de formación, voleibol.Abstract: The main aim of this research was to analyze the characteristics and performance of the serve action, in volleyball Under-14 category, by gender. The sample was comprised of 2233 serves, corresponding to the observation of 32 teams participating in the Spanish Championship of Regional Selections, male and female Under-14 categories. The studied variables were: gender, serve zone, serve type, striking technique, serve effectiveness, reception zone and receiver player. The results showed a significant association between the serve zone, serve type, striking technique and serve effectiveness with gender. Specifically, correlated significantly and positively: the serve zone from zone 1, the jump serve, the float serve and serve permits attacking with the male gender; and the serve zone from zone 6, the standing serve, the power serve, serve error, the serve that does not permit attacking and the point serve in the female gender. Therefore, we conclude that, in formative stages we find differences in the characteristics and effectiveness of the serve by gender, we must take into account these results in the training process of this technical-tactical action.Keywords: gender, serve, formative stages, volleyball.

scholarly journals Reducing the Cost of Being the Boss: Authentic Leadership Suppresses the Effect of Role Stereotype Conflict on Antisocial Behaviors in Leaders and Entrepreneurs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Monzani ◽  
Guillermo Mateu ◽  
Alina S. Hernandez Bark ◽  
José Martínez Villavicencio
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Role Stereotype ◽  
Male Gender Role ◽  
Economic Behaviors

What drives entrepreneurs to engage in antisocial economic behaviors? Without dismissing entrepreneurs’ agency in their decision-making processes, our study aims to answer this question by proposing that antisocial economic behaviors are a dysfunctional coping mechanism to reduce the psychological tension that entrepreneurs face in their day-to-day activities. Further, given the overlap between the male gender role stereotype and both leader and entrepreneur role stereotypes, this psychological tension should be stronger in female entrepreneurs (or any person who identifies with the female gender role). We argue that besides the well-established female gender role – leader role incongruence, female entrepreneurs also suffer a female gender role – entrepreneur role incongruence. Thus, we predicted that men (or those identifying with the male gender role) or entrepreneurs (regardless of their gender identity) that embrace these roles stereotypes to an extreme, are more likely to engage in antisocial economic behaviors. In this context, the term antisocial economic behaviors refers to cheating or trying to harm competitors’ businesses. Finally, we predicted that embracing an authentic leadership style might mitigate this effect. We tested our predictions in two laboratory studies (Phase 1 and 2). For Phase 1 we recruited a sample of French Business school students (N = 82). For Phase 2 we recruited a sample of Costa Rican male and female entrepreneurs, using male and female managers as reference groups (N = 64). Our results show that authentic leadership reduced the likelihood of entrepreneurs and men of engaging in antisocial economic behaviors such as trying to harm one’s competition or seeking an unfair advantage.

scholarly journals Deskripsi Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematika Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taqwa ◽  
Ahmad Budi Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Mathematical Problem Solving ◽  
Mathematical Communication ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Analysis Techniques

This research is qualitative research with the aim of (1) to find out the description of mathematical communication skills of male and female students in solving mathematical problem-solving questions, (2) to find out different information about mathematical communication descriptions in solving problem-solving problems in terms of gender. The subjects of this study were two class VII students of SMP Negeri 2 Labakkang, namely one male and one female student who had the highest problem-solving test scores. The procedure of data collection is done by observation, tests of problem-solving and interviews. The research instrument was used in the form of observation sheets, tests of problem solving, interview guidelines. Data analysis techniques are carried out by testing credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. The results showed that the mathematical communication skills of male gender subjects were lower than those of female gender subjects. The location of differences in mathematical communication skills between male and female gender is that the indicators write answers according to the purpose of the problem and make conclusions in writing using their own language.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGE PERCEPTIONS ABOUT STEREOTYPICAL AND IDEAL GENDER QUALITIES IN MODERN SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Galaktionov I.V.
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
The Individual

This article examines the problem of gender socialization and identity in modern Russian society, on the basis of an analysis of ideas about the typical and ideal gender characteristics of the personality is compared to three age groups (up to 20 years - generation q, 20-40 years - Generation Y and 40-60 years - generation X) and concludes on the main trends in the development of gender characteristics of the individual in groups of different gender and age. The study obtained new empirical data on age and sexual differences in perceptions of typical and ideal qualities of gender, in particular, found that the age of women significantly influences their ideas about the male and female gender ideal, the age of men significantly influences their perception of the male gender ideal, members of different generations of the south significantly differ in ideas about the female gender ideal, the representatives of different generations Y significantly differ in ideas about the female gender ideal , the biological sex in the age group X influences the idea of male gender ideal. At the same time, there were no statistically significant differences between gender and age in the perception of typical male and female qualities. The results can be an important material for a differentiated approach to family counselling and assistance in building harmonious inter-sex relationships.

scholarly journals A Feminist Stylistic Analysis of Characterisation in Doris Lessings A Woman on a Roof

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Abdul Qayyum ◽  
Mujib Rahman ◽  
Henna Gul Nisar
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Representational Practices ◽  
The People

In her book Feminist Stylistics, Sara Mills (1995) argues that characters in texts are not simulacra of humans. They are merely words which represent men and women in accordance with stereotypes that are found in society. This study takes up D. Lessings short story A Woman on a Roof (1963/1990) and looks at the characterisation in it by using Mills model (1995) at the level of discourse. The aim of the study is to find out whether the representation of male and female characters in this story is gendered or not. The results of the study show that female characters are represented negatively while the male characters are represented positively. On the basis of these findings, it is recommended that these representational practices need to change in order to bring about a change in the thinking of the people.

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