Estrogenic substances in certain livestock feeds and their influence upon the nutrition of growing and fattening lambs

1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Dean Story
Keyword(s):  
Livestock Feeds

The current state of mycotoxin biomarker development in humans and animals and the potential for application to plant systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Baldwin ◽  
R. Riley ◽  
N. Zitomer ◽  
K. Voss ◽  
R. Coulombe Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Commercially Important

Filamentous fungi that contaminate livestock feeds and human food supply often produce toxigenic secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins. Among the hundreds of known mycotoxins, aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone are considered the most commercially important. Intense research on these mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin, has resulted in the development of 'biomarkers' used to link exposure to disease risk. In the case of aflatoxin this effort has led to the discovery of both exposure and mechanism-based biomarkers, which have proven essential for understanding aflatoxin's potential for causing disease in humans, including subtle effects on growth and immune response. Fumonisin biomarkers have also been used extensively in farm and laboratory animals to study the fumonisin-induced disruption of cellular and systemic physiology which leads to disease. This review summarises the status of mycotoxin biomarker development in humans and animals for the commercially important mycotoxins. Since the fungi responsible for the production of these mycotoxins are often endophytes that infect and colonise living plant tissues, accumulation of mycotoxins in the plant tissues may at times be associated with development of plant disease symptoms. The presence of mycotoxins, even in the absence of disease symptoms, may still have subtle biological effects on the physiology of plants. This review examines the question of whether or not the knowledge gained from mechanistic studies and development of biomarkers in animal and human systems is transferable to the study of mycotoxin effects on plant systems. Thus far, fumonisin has proven amenable to development of mechanism-based biomarkers to study maize seedling disease caused by the fumonisin producer, Fusarium verticillioides. Expanding our knowledge of mechanisms of toxicity and the overt and subtle effects on animal, human, and plant systems through the identification and validation of biomarkers will further our ability to monitor and limit the damage and economic impact of mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Multiobjective formulation is an effective method to reduce environmental impacts of livestock feeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 1298-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Garcia-Launay ◽  
Léonie Dusart ◽  
Sandrine Espagnol ◽  
Sarah Laisse-Redoux ◽  
Didier Gaudré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
The Cost

AbstractEnvironmental and economic performances of livestock production are related largely to the production of complete feeds provided on commercial farms. Formulating feeds based on environmental and economic criteria appears a suitable approach to address the current challenges of animal production. We developed a multiobjective (MO) method of formulating feed which considers both the cost and environmental impacts (estimated via life cycle assessment) of the feed mix. In the first step, least-cost formulation provides a baseline for feed cost and potential impacts per kg of feed. In the second, the minimised MO function includes normalised values of feed cost and impacts climate change, P demand, non-renewable energy demand and land occupation. An additional factor weights the relative influence of economic and environmental objectives. The potential of the method was evaluated using two scenarios of feed formulation for pig, broiler and young bulls. Compared to baseline feeds, MO-formulated feeds had lower environmental impacts in both scenarios studied (−2 to −48 %), except for land occupation of broiler feeds, and a moderately higher cost (1–7 %). The ultimate potential for this method to mitigate environmental impacts is probably lower than this, as animal supply chains may compete for the same low-impact feed ingredients. The method developed complements other strategies, and optimising the entire animal production system should be explored in the future to substantially decrease the associated impacts.

scholarly journals Harmful plant species in meadow-pastures associations on Stara Planina mountain

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Zorica Nesic ◽  
Zorica Tomic ◽  
M. Zujovic ◽  
Dragana Ruzic-Muslic
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Useful Plants ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Food Value

Meadows and pastures are important resource of livestock feeds in mountain regions and all plant species on them don?t have same value as livestock feeds. From aspect of food value for livestock all species fundamentally can distribute as useful and harmful plants. In paper are represent two plant associations of Stara Planina Mountain Festucetum vallesiacae and Agrostietum vulgarae. In this associations, besides useful plants, are defined, harmful plant species, there present in associations and all of it in aim of ascertainment measures for their removal or reduction from sward. Group of harmful plants is segmented on three subcategory: bed and worthless plants, harmful and poorly poisons and very poisons plants. Association Festucetum vallesiacae count 75 plant species and of that, category bed and worthless plants belong 26 plants or 34.7 g kg-1, category harmful and poorly poisons belong 8 or 10.6 g kg-1, while category very poisons plants default. Association Agrostietum vulgare count 47 plant species and of that category bed and worthless plants belong 17 or 36.17 g kg-1, category harmful and poorly poisons just one plant or 2.13 g kg-1 and category very poisons plants default too.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Horizontal Screw Type Mixer for Livestock Feed Meal

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayson Reynante Cajindos
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Gear Box ◽  
Type Mixer

Small-scale livestock raisers are in dire need of a highly nutritious poultry feed to increase production output. And efficient mixing is the next key to good feed production. The mixing time for a batch of ingredients varies according to the design of the mixer, thus designing a fabricated horizontal screw type mixer was necessitate. The horizontal screw type mixer for livestock feed meal was fabricated using metal working concepts. The main components are the housing, bucket, rotor assembly and gear box. Experimental design was made to obtain the machine performance like pulley ratio, number of paddles/ blades, and the driving gear ratio. The machine used four (4) inches diameter pulley at the gear box and seven (7) inches diameter pulley at the gear box and seven (inches) diameter pulley at the motor connecting with a V-belt, eight paddles were installed at the rotor shafting for good mixing capability. The driving gear used 18 teeth at the upper sprocket and 36 teeth at the lower sprocket to obtain past and efficient mixing of raw materials in the production of feeds. It is powered by one half horse power electric motor. The machine could produce in an average of 15 kilograms in two (3.66) minutes.   Keywords – Fabricated Horizontal Screw Mixer, Livestock Feeds, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur, Philippines

scholarly journals Feed Efficiency Can Be Sustained in Pigs Fed with Locally Produced Narbon Vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3993
Author(s):  
Emilio Gómez Izquierdo ◽  
Luis Gomez-Raya ◽  
Eduardo de Mercado de la Peña ◽  
Juan José Ciruelos ◽  
Wendy M. Rauw
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Feed Costs

There is an interest in replacing soybean meal with locally produced ingredients in livestock feeds. Narbon vetch is resistant to unfavorable climatic and soil conditions, common pests, and has a favorable nutritional profile. The effect of substitution of soybean meal with 0% (V0), 5% (V5), 10% (V10), and 20% (V20) inclusion of Narbon vetch on growth curve parameters, daily body weight gain (DBWG), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and residual feed intake (RFI) was investigated in 47 Duroc × Iberian barrows in 16 periods (a total of 125 d). DFI and DBWG were reduced (p < 0.05) up to four weeks after introduction of the novel feed in V20 and V10. Small, mostly nonsignificant differences existed between treatments in FCE and RFI. However, because of accumulative small differences in feed efficiency between the four diets, pigs in V0 reached the highest BW, and pigs in V20 reached the lowest BW on a similar feed intake. Economic implications of Narbon vetch inclusion depend on the extra amount of feed required and associated feed costs, and on the costs of additional days on-farm required to reach a given slaughter weight.

Financial management of Kashima Rinkai specified sewage works

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ochiai ◽  
T. Igarashi ◽  
H. Iseki ◽  
H. Seya ◽  
S. Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
The City

The Kashima Rinkai Specified Sewage Works (KRSSW) is located at the northern side of the Kashima Coastal Industrial Zone, facing the Sea of Kashimanada (Pacific Ocean). It straddles one city and two townships: the city of Kashima, which boasts Kashima Port, a transportation center that was constructed on Kashimanada Beach by digging into the virgin sands, and the towns of Kamisu and Hasaki. The industries located there include steel, petrochemicals, chemicals, foodstuffs, livestock feeds, electric power and machinery metals. Industrial wastewaters with public sewage, except steel industry, are treated by the Fukashiba Treatment Plant which is managed by the Ibaraki Prefectural Government. The financial management of KRSSW is analysed to show its stand-alone condition.

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