Terminologia związana z tłem konwersacyjnym w opisie modalności językowej oraz propozycja jej przekładu na język polski

Język Polski ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Leszek Szymański
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Modal Force ◽  
Modal Base

The article aims at bringing the model of the semantic field of modal expressions presented by Angelika Kratzer to the attention of Polish-speaking readers. The framework consists of three domains: modal force, modal base and ordering source. The last two are conversational backgrounds. The duality of the modal base also allows for a binary typology of modality. In addition, the paper proposes Polish equivalents of English-language terminology.

scholarly journals Lexico-Semantic Field ANGER in the English Language

2021 ◽  
pp. 1851-1854
Author(s):  
Marina Faritovna Khazieva ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Azamatovna Abdyusheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Field

scholarly journals NOMINATIVE FIELD OF THE CONCEPT MARRIAGE AND ANALYSIS OF THE SYNONYMOUS RANGE OF ITS KEY UNIT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Nadiya Ivanenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Dictionary Definitions

The research focuses on the study of the actualization of the concept MARRIAGE in the context of the linguocognitive and linguocultural paradigm. The article analyzes the means of modeling the concept MARRIAGE in the British language picture of the world, its content, structure and cognitive interpretation. The concept-cognitive MARRIAGE is considered in the direction of anthropocentrism with consideration of modern achievements of cognitive linguistics, and also the place of this concept in construction of the British national picture of the world is defined. In the English language tradition, this social phenomenon is expressed through the lexical-semantic field of the concept MARRIAGE. The composition of other basic concepts of linguistic consciousness largely depends on the concept MARRIAGE. The article presents the results of etymological analysis. It plays a big role in determining the typology of culture and the need for this analysis helps to establish the source of origin of the conceptualizer. The analysis of dictionary definitions made it possible to investigate all the meanings of lexical units of the outlined nominative field. This allowed us to understand the nature and types of semantic structure of words that belong to different semantic groups and semasiological subclasses, as well as to look at the epidemiological relations of the key. In order to describe the complex structure of the organization of a multi-valued keyword, the notion of lexical-semantic variant is used. Basic characteristics of the concept MARRIAGE are possible to be found in the dictionary definitions and the complex structure of the concept is defined as a field structure, that is: denotative central content with semantic nucleus, peripherality and connotative surrounding.

scholarly journals THE RESEARCH OF THE STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FIELD “POLITICAL ACTIVITY” WITHIN SOCIO-POLITICAL LEXIS OF THE UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
O. V. Minenko ◽  
Y. S. Snisarenko
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
National Language ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types

The article deals with the semantics of lexical units of unrelated languages. Problems of studying the lexical level of related and unrelated languages are of particular interest, since the specificity of the national language systems is the most clearly reflected in the lexis. The study of common and different structural semantic features makes it possible to disclose the peculiarity of the native language and culture on the background of language contacts. The studied language systems belong to different types, and the comparison of languages of different types without regard to their genetic links is the greatest value for any research, since it contributes significantly to the correct understanding of the significance of the analyzed speech phenomena. The subject of the analysis is lexemes of socio-political meaning in the Ukrainian and English languages. The study of socio-political lexis is of considerable interest to linguistics, because it reflects one of the most important spheres of life of modern society – political. The study of such an active lexical category as socio-political lexis, contributes to the understanding of language phenomena, due to the evolution of the semantics of lexical units. Socio-political lexis is characterized by blurring of its boundaries, semantic dispersion and sphere of usage. In order to systematize the linguistic material, the lexical-semantic field of the studied lexical units was identified – “Political activity”, within which an anаlysis of the dynamic prosesses in the socio-political lexis was carried out in their correlation with the factors of a social nature. The peculiarity of the lexical-semantic field is that it is allocated on the basis of the logical division of the broad concept, but at the same time it is the actual linguistic division of the man’s representations of objective reality. The field approach to the organization of the vocabulary is one of the main principles of systematization of linguistic phenomena, through which the relationship, interdependence and hierarchy of linguistic units are revealed. This makes it possible to study not separate lexemes, but systems of lexical units and the reflection of their semantic links. Lexical-semantic fields are highly organized and intergrated conceptual spheres, elements of which are mutually delimiting one another, and their importance derives from the system as a whole. Each field analyzes the scope of experience, concrete or abstract; divided and classified in a unique way, reflecting a scale of values of society and a special vision of the world. As a result of the study of structural-semantic features of the lexical-semantic field “Political activity”, it became known that in English it is represented by larger number of lexical units. This advantage can be explained by the greater stability of the British political system in comparison with the Ukrainian. The presence in the lexical vocabulary of the English language of a greater number of borrowed lexical units with political meaning can be explained by the fact that Great Britain has more economic and political contacts with other countries of the world than Ukraine.

scholarly journals Semantic content of indefinite pronouns in the English literary texts

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Larisa Georgievna Popova ◽  
Lyubov' Mikhailovna Shatilova ◽  
Nadezhda Viktorovna Samarina
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Functional Linguistics ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Indefinite Pronouns

The goal of this article lies in analysis of the semantics of indefinite pronouns of the English language, which form the core of the semantic field of uncertainty from the perspective of functional linguistics. The subject of this research is the semantic content of English indefinite pronouns in the literary and publicistic texts. The relevance of this work is defined by the lack of works in both domestic and foreign modern linguistics dedicated to indefinite pronouns of the English language. The scientific novelty consists systematization of indefinite pronouns in form of semantic field and determination of possible varieties of uncertainty through the semantics of this group of pronouns in the English literary texts. It is established that in literary texts, the indefinite pronouns of the core of the semantic field of uncertainty of the English language are used for conveying quite very peculiar; however, the key components are uncertainty and generality in evaluation of the unfolding events. Uncertainty can be explicit or conditional. Generality also correlates with uncertainty, leaving out particularities. The absence of particularities is the main semantic indicator of the use of nuclear indefinite pronouns in the literary texts.

scholarly journals THESAURUS MODELLING OF ENGLISH TERMINOLOGY OF SPORT (SEMANTIC FIELD “FOOTBALL”)

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Ирина Игоревна Жучкова
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Semiotic Theory ◽  
The Way

Обнаружено, что в спортивном дискурсе англоязычных стран существуют специализированные понятия, которые не совпадают полностью по значению с русскими терминами. Это приводит к сложностям, которые препятствуют пониманию и правильному использованию спортивной терминологии. Цель проводимого исследования заключается в систематизации англоязычной футбольной терминологии с помощью тезаурусного подхода, предполагающего конструирование семантических полей и выявление информационно-семиотической природы изучаемой терминологии. В первой части работы подробно описывается методика конструирования тезауруса английской спортивной терминологии и обосновывается выбор информационно-семиотического подхода в качестве основы исследования. Во второй части исследования конструируется семантическое поле «Football» с наглядной схемой семантических отношений. Исследование показало, что в футбольном дискурсе не существует изолированных понятий, все исследуемые термины связаны друг с другом сетью иерархических, синонимических, вариативных и ассоциативных отношений. Более того, выявление информационно-семиотической природы английской футбольной терминологии не только способствовало разграничению нюансов в значении спортивных терминов, но и позволило наглядно проиллюстрировать связь терминов внутри поля посредством построения схем. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в процессе профессиональной подготовки специалистов-лингвистов, учителей физической культуры, а также спортсменов, изучающих английский язык. Within the English discourse of sport there are many special concepts that do not coincide in meaning with Russian terms. As a result, Russian people learning the English language do not understand the meaning of English sports terms and are confused in their use. The current research is aimed at systematizing English discourse of sport, and namely its football terminology, and revealing the semiotic structure of terms within it via thesaurus modelling of terms related to this discourse. In the first part of the work there is a description of the way the English thesaurus of sports terms was constructed. In addition, the author explains why the semiotic theory was chosen as the basis for this research. In the second part of the work the author presented a semantic field for the term football with a visual scheme of semantic relations. The research showed that there are no isolated terms in football discourse and all terms are connected with each other through hierarchic, synonymic, variance and associative relations. Moreover, systematizing terms via the thesaurus approach could help not only differenciate the nuances in meaning of sports terms but also illustrate the relations among these terms due to the constructed schemes. The achieved results can be used for the vocational training of students majoring in linguistics, sports, and Physical Education teachers.

Semantic Fields and Metaphor: Going beyond Theory

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanita Goodblatt
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Interaction Theory ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Metaphor Comprehension ◽  
Written Responses ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
Poetic Texts

This study focused on metaphor comprehension in a poetic text in terms of the concepts of “semantic field,” “semantic restructuring,” and “perceptual restructuring.” Three poetic texts, differentiated in terms of the number of semantic fields and in the degree of their interaction, were given to readers of English language and literature. They were asked to analyze a number of metaphors appearing within the context of each text and also to rate them along a number of scales (such as Concrete-Abstract). Specific semantic fields could be derived from the written responses. Furthermore, consistent relationships were found between these ratings and the degree of interaction of these semantic fields. The results lend further support for a Gestalt-Interaction theory of metaphor.

scholarly journals REPRESENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF WAR IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE CULTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Olena Shevchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
English Language ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Art Of War ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
The World ◽  
Lexical Field

The features of verbalization and structuring of the concept war on the material of the artistic discourse in English language culture are revealed in the article. It is found out how the conceptualization has led to its development. At the beginning of the 20th century, international relations have dramatically changed in the world. There is a risk that people of different worldviews may interpret certain military notions (in particular the linguocultural concept WAR) otherwise. The solution of this complex problem of ambiguity must be sought in the etymology of the linguocultural concept WAR and its lexical field. The concept of WAR is vividly expressed in the English-language picture of the world, and its expression has a deep national and cultural specificity. Subject-image, conceptual and value components can be distinguished in the structure of this concept. The semantic field of the WAR concept consists of the kernel (the "State of Armed Conflict" microfield) and the semantic periphery objectified by the "Situation of Antagonism" and "Art of War" microfields. The main lexical verbalizers of the WAR concept were also identified. These include the war token itself, as well as the corresponding synonymous tokens and lexical associations. A new understanding of the concept of WAR is observed within the English-language artistic and journalistic discourses, which is realized in the system of conceptual metaphors. The concept war in the artistic discourse of participants is a multidimensional mental formation, very complex, encompassing radically opposite meanings. It is clear that the sense of the concept includes components that are associated with death, agitation, pain, horror, depression and more. At the same time the structure of the concept includes extremely positive meanings that can be verbalized in such words as life, love, honesty, help, heroism. For each war, it carries something personal, but always war is when the heart aches.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC SHIFTS IN THE COVIDETERMINOLOGICAL FIELD OF THE FRENCH MEDICAL TERMINOLOGICAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Galina V. Оvchinnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
English Language ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Component Decomposition ◽  
Medical Term ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function

The article first defines the concept of «co-terminological field» and establishes its place and function in the medical terminological system. The factual material based on special medical literature, media texts and lexicographic sources allows us to fill in the gap in the conceptual apparatus in the French medical discourse and clarify the definition of the medical term. Word-formation analysis and word-formation synthesis in combination with component decomposition of the seminal composition formed the basis of the methodology for studying the structure and semantics of Covid terms in modern French. The allocation of the central and peripheral axes of the lexical-semantic field contributes to the codification and semantic variability of Covid terminology. Borrowed words from the English language occupy a special place in the term group under consideration, which are more easily assimilated in the French word-production system as letter abbreviations, but are replaced by French equivalents at the lexical level.

scholarly journals Oral Communicative Competence of Primary School Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Isabel Cantón Mayo ◽  
Elena Pérez Barrioluengo
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
English Language ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Private Lessons ◽  
Oral Expression

Oral communicative competence enables speakers of a language to interact effectively with each other. Oral communicative competence includes a wide semantic field since the oral expression is a way of expression for the thought and it provides feedback and develops by means of the linguistic function (Vygotsky, 1992; Piaget, 1983a, 1983b; Pinker, 2003). English communicative competence is based on the use of the language as a tool of communication, both oral and written, of representation, of interpretation and of reality comprehension. This investigation aims to analyse the oral communicative competence in English of students who have finished the stage of Primary Education. It also tries to know if the center where students study, the students’ gender, the attitude towards the English language and attendance to private lessons increase the oral communicative competence. The sample was intentional and stratified (rural-urban and ordinary-bilingual). It is composed by 265 students and the instrument is a questionnaire provided with reliability and validity. The results show high levels of competence, higher than expected, and with light differences that favor the girls and the urban bilingual schools in the acquisition of the oral communicative competence in English.

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