scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS OF PROCESSING LIQUID WASTE OF UREA PRODUCTION USING A BIOFILTER

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (39) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
О. Bielianska ◽  
Y. Antareva
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Natural Structure ◽  
Maple Leaves ◽  
Urea Production ◽  
Suspended Substances ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Filtration Unit ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Nitrate Anions

The kinetic regularities of the recycling process of liquid waste of urea on the combined filter which contains the immobilized layer of enzymes at the process of their purification from the suspended substances, dissolved nitrate anions; the effect of pH on the filtration process are investigated and established in our research. A stable positive result was obtained on the filters with layers of: – oak and birch, the concentration of nitrate anions decreased from 12 to 0,06 — 0,05 mg/dm3 after 80 minutes of filtration. The content of suspended solids decreased from 37 g/dm3 to 6 — 7 g/dm3. At the same time, the increased content of tannins and the natural structure of oak and birch leaves contributes to the resistance of the leaf layer to fermentation processes, helps to use such kind of filter repeatedly. – linden and maple leaves, the concentration of nitrate anions decreased from 12 mg/dm3  to 0,08 mg/dm3 after 80 minutes of filtration. The content of suspended solids decreased from 37 g/dm3 to 15 g/dm3 after the third use of the filter, due to increased activity of microorganisms. At the same time, the natural structure of linden and maple leaves is thin, has a biofilm that is easily destroyed and accelerates the process of natural aerobic fermentation. The scientific substantiation of the direction of improvement of technology of processing of liquid waste with the increased content of nitrogen is executed. A bio filtration unit on a combined filter with a layer of oak and birch leaves with the use of an immobilized layer of enzymes is proposed. The combined filter consists of a layer of gravel, sand and dry oak and/or birch leaves. The enzyme Chymotrypsin at a concentration of 0,005 g/dm3 is fed into the formed bio filter from above. After 30 minutes, liquid waste with a temperature of 10 25 °С is gradually fed into the filter over 60 — 80 minutes. The initial concentration of suspended particles in liquid waste should not exceed a concentration of 37 — 40 g/dm3. It is determined that the optimal rate of processing of liquid waste of urea production is achieved in solutions with active reaction of hydrogen ions in the range of 6,5—7,3.

scholarly journals Is the Microfiltration Process Suitable as a Method of Removing Suspended Solids from Rainwater?

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Karolina Fitobór ◽  
Bernard Quant
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Suspended Substances ◽  
Rainwater Runoff ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Silt Density Index

Due to climate change and anthropogenic pressure, freshwater availability is declining in areas where it has not been noticeable so far. As a result, the demands for alternative sources of safe drinking water and effective methods of purification are growing. A solution worth considering is the treatment of rainwater by microfiltration. This study presents the results of selected analyses of rainwater runoff, collected from the roof surface of individual households equipped with the rainwater harvesting system. The method of rainwater management and research location (rural area) influenced the low content of suspended substances (TSS < 0.02 mg/L) and turbidity (<4 NTU). Microfiltration allowed for the further removal of suspension particles with sizes larger than 0.45 μm and with efficiency greater than 60%. Granulometric analysis indicated that physical properties of suspended particles vary with the season and weather. During spring, particles with an average size of 500 μm predominated, while in autumn particles were much smaller (10 μm). However, Silt Density Index measurements confirmed that even a small amount of suspended solids can contribute to the fouling of membranes (SDI > 5). Therefore, rainwater cannot be purified by microfiltration without an appropriate pretreatment.

Removal of suspended substances by coagulation and foam separation from municipal wastewater

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Suzuki ◽  
T. Maruyama ◽  
H. Tegane ◽  
T. Goto
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Foam Separation ◽  
Suspended Substances ◽  
Milk Casein ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

A new method for solid-liquid separation for wastewater incorporating simple operation and shortened treatment time is necessary for improvement of sewage systems. In this study, removal of suspended solids from municipal wastewater by coagulation and foam separation using coagulant and milk casein was examined. By adding casein before the foam separation process, the removal of suspended substances was dramatically improved. The optimum condition for treating sewage was 20 mg-Fe/L of FeCl3, 3 mg/L of casein, and pH 5.5, which resulted in a removal rates of over 98% for turbidity and SS. A removal of 96-98% was also possible for phosphate and anionic surfactant. When PAC was used, the floc was also efficiently recovered in foam by the addition of casein. It became clear that coagulation and foam separation using casein as the collector is an effective method for removing suspended solids in municipal wastewater in a short time (within 10 min).

scholarly journals The efficiency of the sand filtration unit mixed with different packing materials in drain water treatment in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Abd el naser I. Ibrahim ◽  
Tarek Ismail M. Sabry ◽  
Ahmed S. El-Gendy ◽  
Sayed I. A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Filtration Unit

AbstractIn an attempt to improve the quality of the agricultural drain in Egypt for its reuse again in the irrigation, low-cost solution such as sand filter along with/without other filtration media has been used in this research. As a result of that, pilot plant of sand filter mixed with other filtration media was tested for its ability to improve the sand performance in removing the suspended solids and organic matters from agricultural drain water of the Belbeis drain (in Sharkia governorate in Egypt). Sand only, sand mixed with sponge, sand mixed with activated carbon and sand mixed with ceramic cylinders have been tested to find the best media combination and optimum mixing sand/ medium ratio and optimum infiltration rate. The work has been done on four runs. It was found that sand mixed with ceramic cylinders gave the best removal efficiency with respect to total chemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand for solution which were 77, 74%, respectively, whereas sand mixed with sponge had the best removal efficiency with respect to total suspended solids which was 89%. Also, all tested media combination had effluent quality that complied with Egyptian law 48 for the year 1982 regarding the disposal of wastewater into agricultural drains (chemical oxygen demand ≤ 80 mg/l, total suspended solids ≤ 50 mg/l).

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK RELATED TO EMISSIONS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE PRODUCED BY THE KUZNETSK PLANT OF LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Суржиков ◽  
Dmitry Surzhikov ◽  
Вера Кислицына ◽  
Vera Kislitsyna ◽  
Роман Голиков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Chronic Intoxication ◽  
Lightweight Structures ◽  
Carcinogenic Substance ◽  
Suspended Substances ◽  
Carcinogenic Substances ◽  
The City

The article presents the results of a risk assessment for the health of the Novokuznetsk residents from air emissions produced by the Kuznetsk plant of lightweight structures. The research has revealed substances that have the largest percentage in the total emissions of the enterprise. Among non-carcinogenic substances, the main pollutants included suspended substances, as well as dimethylbenzene (xylene), iron trioxide, white spirit and kerosene. The main carcinogenic substance contained in the emissions of the enterprise is chromium hexavalent. The highest indices of non-carcinogenic hazard were found in manganese and its compounds, dimethylbenzene and suspended solids. The maximum index of carcinogenic hazard is chromium. Indices of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic hazards of pollutants have been determined. The risk of chronic intoxication and carcinogenic risk from points of exposure to concentrations is calculated. The total risks of chronic intoxication and carcinogenic risk were compared with acceptable levels in selected microdistricts of the city. It was revealed that the atmospheric emissions of the plant of lightweight structures do not have a signifi impact on the morbidity increase among the urban residents.

ADVANCED TREATMENT OF BIOTREATED WATER OF SECONDARY SETTING TANKS FROM SUSPENDED SUBSTANCES BY VOLUME FILTER CARTRIDGES

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Arkady N. KIM ◽  
Alexandra Yu. ROMANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Suspended Substances ◽  
Secondary Settling ◽  
Filter Cartridge

The article considers the problem of removal of suspended substances from secondary setting tanks during wastewater treatment and suggests a technology of wastewater radvanced treatment from suspended solids with volume filter cartridge. The volume filter cartridge is placed inside a secondary settling tank - in front of the collection tray. Volume filter cartridge is a cylinder that is made of a porous polymeric material, the direction of filtration is determined as from outside to inside. The results of prototype installation use in secondary setting tank show that this technology allows to reduce the concentration of suspended solids by 75 %; BOD5 - up to 30 %; COD - up to 10 %.

scholarly journals Application of Tamarindus indica seed extract as bio-coagulant to removal suspended solids and colors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Agustin Dewi ◽  
Iva Rustanti Eri ◽  
Hermiyanti Pratiwi ◽  
Nerawati Diana A.T ◽  
Narwati Narwati
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Tamarind Seed ◽  
Dark Color

The batik traditional industries in East Java, Indonesia generally not have a proper wastewater treatment plant yet, so liquid waste directly discharge into the river. Batik wastewater generally have a dark color, which derived from the coloring of naphthol with number of suspended solids greater than 100 mg/L and color concentration more than 250 Pt.Co. Tamarind seed extract is known to contain natural polyelectrolytes active group, which had function as bio-coagulant. The research objective was to analyze the application of tamarind seed extract as bio-coagulant in wastewater treatment of the Batik traditional industries, by reducing suspended solids levels and color of wastewater. The research design used pretest and posttest control group design with variations of bio-coagulant doses of 10ml/L, 30ml/L, and 50ml/L, and analyzed using the Two Way Anova Test. The results showed that the level of suspended solids in wastewater before treatment averaged 291mg/L, and the average color content was 593 Pt-Co, so it did not meet the quality standards of the Governor of East Java No 72/2013. For the highest reduction in suspended solids levels at a dose of 10ml/L reduced up to 95.1% and the highest decrease in color levels at a dose of 50ml/L, reduced up to 87.8%. Traditional batik wastewater treatment, which used a coagulation-flocculation process with bio-coagulant extract of tamarind seeds could reduce levels of suspended solids and colors, in order to meet the specified quality standards.

scholarly journals Decrease levels of total suspended solid in tofu liquid waste using biocoagulant charcoal

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012080
Author(s):  
Sarti Saenab ◽  
Rahmat Zarkasyi Ramadhani ◽  
Usman ◽  
Makhrajani Majid ◽  
Iradhatullah Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Before And After

Abstract A coagulant is a chemical needed by water to help settle small particles that cannot settle on their own. Meanwhile, total suspended solids (TSS) result from filter dissolved solids by gravity deposition, usually in chloride particles, and indicate the sedimentation rate. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of bio coagulants to reduce levels of total suspended solids (TSS) in liquid tofu waste to find out which one is more effective as a bio coagulant in liquid tofu waste. This research is experimental, consisting of 2 stages: the manufacture of charcoal from bio coagulants and the measurement of total suspended solids (TSS) levels. The data collected were tabulated and then analyzed descriptively. Three types of bio coagulants used were tamarind seeds, coffee husks, and cocoa pods. The results showed that there was a decrease in the TSS value before and after coagulation was given. The highest TSS reduction was obtained from bio coagulant charcoal from cocoa pods which reached 54.28% for a coagulant dose of 2 mg/l, while for a coagulant dose of 5 mg/l it could reduce TSS by 70.71%. It means the cocoa pods waste have a potential to use as coagulant to control sedimentation in the environment.

The Impact of Textile Wet Colouration on the Environment in 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 540-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hurren ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Xun Gai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Textile Processing ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Liquid Heat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Processing Steps

Wet textile colouration has the highest environmental impact of all textile processing steps. It consumes water, chemicals and energy and produces liquid, heat and gas waste streams. Liquid effluent streams are often quite toxic to the environment. There are a number of different dyeing processes, normally fibre type specific, and each has a different impact on the environment. This research investigated the energy, chemical and water requirements for the exhaust colouration of cotton, wool, polyester and nylon. The research investigated the liquid waste biological oxygen demand, total organic carbon dissolved solids, suspended solids, pH and colour along with the energy required for drying after colouration. Polyester fibres had the lowest impact on the environment with low water and energy consumption in dyeing, good dye bath exhaustion, the lowest dissolved solids levels in waste water, relatively neutral pH effluent and low energy in drying. The wool and nylon had similar dyebath requirements and outputs however the nylon could be dyed at far lower liquor ratios and hence provided better energy and water use figures. Cotton performed badly in all of the measured parameters.

scholarly journals Utilization of NaCl Solution of Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract as Natural Coagulant at Liquid Waste at PT. Cheil Jedang Indonesia – Jombang

ALCHEMY ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadziatir Rizqi ◽  
Eny Yulianti ◽  
Akyunul Jannah
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Test Parameters

<p>In this study, the coagulant from Moringa seeds extracted using NaCl solution. Early stages, Moringa seed powder was extracted using 1M NaCl solution. Variations in sample pH (pH 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) and variations in coagulant dose (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 mL / L) was conducted to determine the effectiveness of each coagulant at pH test parameters, Total Suspended Solids and Chemical Oxygen Demand-Permanganate method. Characterization of Moringa seed extract solutions include levels of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and amino acids. Characterization results, the carbohydrate content of Moringa seeds extracted with NaCl solution at 909 ppm, the protein 3348 ppm, fat content 800 ppm and it contains 14 kinds of amino acids. Concentration of most amino acids are lysine, which is 0.196%. Coagulant of Moringa seed extract solution of NaCl with an optimum pH of 10 can decreased levels of TSS by 82.3% at a dose of 80 mL / L. Coagulant solution of NaCl extract of Moringa seeds can not reduce levels of COD-Mn.</p><strong><em>Keywords</em>:</strong> <em>Chemical Oxygen Demand-Permanganate, Coagulant,</em> Moringa oleifera, <em>Total Suspended Solids</em>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document