Somaclonal variability in vitro – source for creating new varieties of plants

The article reflects the issues of the current state of scientific research at the FSBSI FSVC, shows the directions and prospects for the development of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. The main mission of the selection and seed-growing work of the FSVC is the creation and reproduction of varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops of a new generation, characterized by resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors, high productivity and product quality. One of the main ways to increase the efficiency of the breeding process is the use of modern methods of biotechnology and molecular genetics, which make it possible to obtain new genotypes and reduce the time of breeding. Success has been achieved in the creation of homozygous lines of cabbage, squash, cucumber, carrots. For the first time, it was possible to complete a full cycle of obtaining doubled radish haploids in microspore culture in vitro. The institution pays special attention to immunological research on the resistance of crops and new varieties to diseases, as well as protecting plants from pests and diseases. Phytosanitary monitoring, assessment and selection of resistant genotypes are carried every years. One of the important theoretical and practical problems solved at the institution is the development of environmentally friendly products based on preparations obtained from plants with a high content of biologically active compounds with adaptogenic properties. In the center, a new direction of research in traditional breeding has received significant development - the creation of varieties of vegetable plants with an increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants, on the basis of which functional products are created. The persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of table carrots, depending on the biochemical composition, has been studied. Methods for enriching vegetable plants with micronutrients are being developed. A large amount of scientific research is being carried out on the development of technologies for the cultivation of new varieties and hybrids, as well as technologies for their seed production. At the branches located in different soil and climatic conditions, hospitals were established to study the interaction of factors controlling soil fertility and the productivity of vegetable crops in agrocenoses (crop rotation, soil treatment systems, fertilizers and plant protection). In general, at the FSBSI FSVC, all research is aimed at developing and improving methods in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, creating new breeding achievements and developing varietal technologies for their cultivation.

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Efficient method for rapid multiplication of clean and healthy willow clones via in vitro propagation with broad genotype applicability

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2015-0055 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (11) ◽

pp. 1662-1667 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elena Palomo-Ríos ◽

William Macalpine ◽

Ian Shield ◽

Joanna Amey ◽

Cuma Karaoğlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rapid Multiplication ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

Wide Range ◽

International Transport ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

New Varieties ◽

Tissue Culture Propagation ◽

Willow Breeding ◽

Free Status

Willow is a versatile crop with considerable potential as a source of renewable biomass for bioenergy. Although breeding new varieties takes less time compared with some other tree species, producing new willow varieties is still a slow, labour-intensive process, partly because clonally propagating the results of each cross is a bottleneck early in the breeding scheme. In this paper, we describe a facile, rapid method for the in vitro culture of a wide range of willow genotypes. We have developed a combination of media and methods for efficient tissue-culture propagation to rapidly multiply individual plants and simultaneously produce clean, stock germplasm applicable to a wide range of willow genotypes that can be phytosanitary tested to demonstrate their disease-free status. The micropropagation method described could generate in the order of 5000 viable, transplantable clones from a single plant in just 24 weeks and was used to produce phytosanitary tested breeding material for export to overcome restriction on the international transport of woody cuttings. This method could represent a valuable biotechnology adjunct to willow breeding programmes and could accommodate early selection via molecular or biochemical markers.

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SOMACLONAL VARIABILITY AND IN VITRO REGENERATION OF STRAWBERRY

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.1997.447.8 ◽

1997 ◽

pp. 87-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C. Damiano ◽

S. Monticelli ◽

A. Frattarelli ◽

S. Nicolini ◽

L. Corazza

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Regeneration ◽

Somaclonal Variability

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A Review on Haploid and Double Haploids in Ornamental Plants

Current Research in Agriculture and Farming ◽

10.18782/2582-7146.138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Rakesh Kumar Meena ◽

Keyword(s):

Production System ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Dh Population ◽

New Varieties ◽

Haploid Species ◽

Short Time ◽

Ornamental Species

Sporophyte plants with many gametophytic chromosomes are called haploid plants. These plants can be produced naturally or through in vitro or in vivo induction techniques. Double haploid (DH) can be obtained by doubling the number of haploid chromosomes spontaneously or artificially. They are homozygous, and this homozygosity will be realized in the life cycle of a generation using the DH production system. This production system is used to correct heterosis. Easy to interact with the DH population. DH can be used as parental inbreds of new varieties or self-pollinated plants or cross-pollinated plants. Haploids can be used to isolate mutants, especially if the mutant allele is not diploid. If the haploid is transformed immediately after the chromosome is copied, the plant can be obtained step by step. By combining biotechnological means with conventional methods, the important goal of improving cultivated plants can be achieved in a short time. This article analyzes the various developments in the field of haploid species related to economically important ornamental species.

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Exploitation of somaclonal variability for the search of saline-tolerant potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.)

International Multidisciplinary Research Journal ◽

10.25081/imrj.2017.v7.3363 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 08-12

Author(s):

BENDIF Hamdi ◽

LAZALI Mohammed ◽

MESSAOUDI Noura, GHADBANE Mouloud ◽

KHENIFI Mohamed-Amine, KADRI Farida, BOUDJENIBA messaoud

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Sensitivity Coefficient ◽

Callus Growth ◽

Average Growth ◽

Somaclonal Variability ◽

Potato Callus

The present investigation was conducted with an aim to study the effect of salt stress (NaCl) on in vitro potato callus growth and the potential for exploiting this technique in improving salinity tolerance in potato. The results in the four varieties in the culture medium showed a decrease in all studied parameters like callus growth, relative average growth, water content and salinity sensitivity coefficient upon increasing the salinity of the medium in calluses. It has also been observed that the type of callus has a large effect on the above-mentioned parameters in which better callus growth adapted to 150 mmol NaCl is obtained than unsuitable calli in the same culture medium.

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In vitro multiplication and hardening of grapevine plants in aeriated media

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/13/4/766 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

Author(s):

A. Zok ◽

A. Zielinska ◽

R. Oláh ◽

E. Szegedi

Keyword(s):

Complete Removal ◽

In Vitro Cultures ◽

Single Node ◽

Rapid Multiplication ◽

Vitis Riparia ◽

Cabernet Franc ◽

Vitis Rupestris ◽

Transgenic Lines ◽

New Varieties

In vitro cultures have widely been used in horticulture for rapid multiplication of new varieties and clones as well as to produce pathogen-free stock material. To improve efficient hardening and transfer in vitro grown grapevine plants were multiplied by cutting them into single-node internodes with the whole leaf. Microcuttings including the shoot tips were rooted in granulated perlite moisted with tapwater under sterile conditions. After 2-3 weeks the rooted microcuttings were supplied by nutrients and hardened by gradual opening and finally by complete removal of the lids of jars or plastic boxes used for growth. Using this method microcuttings of Vitis vinifera cvs. „Chardonnay", „Cabernet franc", „Riesling" and „Sauvignon blanc" and the rootstock varieties Vitis riparia x Vitis cinerea cv. „Barrier" and Vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris cv. „Richter 110" formed new roots and shoots and 100% of the tested plants survived the acclimatization procedure. Similar results were obtained when perlite was replaced with rockwool-, or pit-pot blocks. This method may highly increase the efficiency of producing pathogen-free propagating material and new transgenic lines.

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Percepatan Penyediaan Benih Sumber Kedelai Unggul Secara In Vitro

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v28i3.15744 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Erni Suminar ◽

Sumadi Sumadi ◽

Syariful Mubarok ◽

Toto Sunarto ◽

Nita Suswati Endah Rini

Keyword(s):

Growth Failure ◽

Culture Method ◽

Coconut Water ◽

High Quality ◽

Seed Technology ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Vitamin B5 ◽

New Varieties

ABSTRACTIn vitro method to fasten availability high quality soybean seedsSoybean is an important crop as a source of food and its demand has increased every year. Several new varieties of soybean have been generated, but the number is still limited. Furthermore, the infestation of pests and infection of diseases have also limited the new soybean varieties production as it increase the risk of growth failure. Therefore, methods to fasten the availability of high quality of soybean seeds need to be developed. One of which can be done through in vitro culture method. The objective of this study was to obtain the best type and the best concentration of cytokinin for the growth of soybean explants in vitro. The experiment was conducted in Seed Technology and Tissue Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design with 13 treatments and four replications. The basic media used were Murashige and Skoog (MS) + Vitamin B5 with addition of BAP (1.0 mg/l, 1.5 mg/l, and 2.0 mg/l), Kinetin (0.5 mg/l, 1.0 mg/l, and 1.5 mg/l), TDZ (0.01 mg/l, 0.1 mg/l, and 1.0 mg/l), and coconut water (10%, 15%, and 20%). The result showed that cytokinin types and concentrations gave different effect to soybean explant growth. The best treatment was demonstrated by BAP at the concentration of 1.5 mg/l as shown by the highest percentage of leaves and the number of shoots. However, it did not affect the percentage of buds produced by explant and the percentage of callus produced by explant.Keyword : BAP, Kinetin, TDZ, Coconut water, Soybean.AbstrakKedelai merupakan komoditas yang memegang peranan penting. Permintaan akan kedelai meningkat setiap tahunnya. Varietas kedelai baru yang bersifat unggul sudah banyak dihasilkan, namun jumlahnya masih terbatas. Tingginya serangan hama dan penyakit saat perbanyakkan benih di lapangan menyebabkan tingginya resiko kegagalan dalam pertumbuhan varietas baru tersebut. Sehingga perlu dilakukan percepatan penyediaan benih sumber varietas unggul di laboratorium secara in vitro. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan eksplan kedelai in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga belas perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Media dasar yang digunakan adalah Murashige dan Skoog (MS) + Vitamin B5 dengan penambahan BAP (1,0 mg/l; 1,5 mg/l; 2,0 mg/l), Kinetin (0,5 mg/l; 1,0 mg/l; 1,5 mg/l), TDZ (0,01 mg/l; 0,1 mg/l; 1,0 mg/l), dan air kelapa (10%; 15%; 20%). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan eksplan. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada BAP dengankonsentrasi 1,5 mg/l yang ditunjukkan dengan tingginya persentase jumlah daun dan tunas yang terbentuk. Akan tetapi, penambahan sitokinin tersebut tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap persentase eksplan dalam membentuk tunas dan persentase eksplan dalam membentuk kalus.Kata Kunci : BAP, Kinetin, TDZ, Air Kelapa, Kedelai

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The Pawpaw Research Program at the Horticulture Department of the University of Florence

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.13.3.0455 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 455-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elvio Bellini ◽

Stefania Nin ◽

Maurizio Cocchi

Keyword(s):

Fruit Size ◽

New Variety ◽

Asimina Triloba ◽

Postharvest Handling ◽

Fruit Growing ◽

New Varieties ◽

High Yields ◽

University Of Florence ◽

The University

The Horticulture Department of the University of Florence has been studying the pawpaw (Asimina triloba) since 1990 through collaboration with Italian fruit grower Domenico Montanari, who currently hosts the largest pawpaw orchard and variety collection in Italy. Research efforts are focused mainly on the development of new varieties and selections with desirable ornamental characteristics. New variety selection is based on high tree productivity, large fruit size, good organoleptic quality and improved fruit postharvest handling. The breeding program has resulted in 3,000 seedlings that are currently being evaluated in Tuscany, Italy. In addition to breeding efforts, 15 commercially available varieties were evaluated in replicated trials in 2000 and 2001, with selections characterized for vegetative, reproductive and pomological traits. In 2000 and 2001, the varieties `Prima 1216' and `Prolific' had high yields and should be suitable for production in Italian fruit-growing areas. Experiments to establish explants of pawpaw in culture were also performed testing a range of genotypes, disinfestation procedures, and methods to induce callus culture. Protocols for the propagation of pawpaw in vitro would offer many advantages for mass multiplication of desirable plants; however, the propagation of pawpaw in vitro has so far been met with limited success.

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Resistance and Phenotypic Character of Chili M2 Mutant Lines Against Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus

Jurnal AgroBiogen ◽

10.21082/jbio.v11n2.2015.p73-80 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Ifa Manzila ◽

Neni Gunaeni ◽

Yenni Kusandriani ◽

Tri P. Priyatno

Keyword(s):

Mottle Virus ◽

Mutation Induction ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Agronomic Characters ◽

Methane Sulfonate ◽

Phenotypic Character ◽

New Varieties ◽

Mutant Lines ◽

Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus

Chilli veinal mottle virus infection (ChiVMV) could reduce the quality and 60–100% of yield losses of chili. Among the chili varieties released, no one has been resistant to ChiVMV, mainly due to a high variation of ChiVMV strains and not well mapped. Therefore, finding a new source of ChiVMV resistant genes is pivotal role in order to assembly new varieties. Approach through in vitro mutation induction using mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) is one of the efforts to increase genetic diversity. Previous studies has successfully acquired 800 M2 lines through callus induction of Gelora variety with EMS. This study aimed to obtain M2 lines resistant to ChiVMV and having a good agronomical characters. A total of 800 chili M2 lines that derived from chili M2 mutations using mutagen EMS has been tested in greenhouse to ChiVMV resistance and studied character phenotype. The results showed that of the 800 lines, there were 28 strains obtained showed a response tolerant and resistant to ChiVMV. Eight mutant lines of which have good agronomic characters. The mutant lines are M2.100, M2.108, M2.200, M2. 122, M2.238, M2.353, M2.420, and M2.517. Eight lines will be selected and further observed to obtain chili promising lines that are resistant to ChiVMV and high yielding.

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Nematicidal Activity of the Essential Oil of Three Varieties of Tagetes minuta from Argentina

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701200515 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701200

Author(s):

Yamile Massuh ◽

Angel Cruz-Estrada ◽

Azucena González-Coloma ◽

Marta S. Ojeda ◽

Julio A. Zygadlo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lethal Dose ◽

Nematicidal Activity ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Tagetes Minuta ◽

In Vivo Tests ◽

New Varieties

Essential oils composition of three Tagetes minuta varieties and a wild population (WP) from Argentina and their in vitro and in vivo nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, are described. All T. minuta EOs tested were very active against nematode juveniles (J2), but the strongest nematicidal effects were exhibited by the TmV3 variety oil, characterized by a high content of ( E)-ocimenone. High nematode egg hatching suppression (> 90%) was induced by TmV3 EO after five days of incubation. In vivo tests on tomato seedlings showed a significant reduction of infection rate of M. javanica J2 treated with TmV3 and WP oils at sub lethal dose. Therefore, EOs from chemically stable new varieties of T. minuta could be environmentally friendly nematicidal agents.

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