L’incidence d’un enseignement centré sur la forme sur la performance orale

2021 ◽  
pp. e20200128
Author(s):  
Gabriel Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Task Instruction ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Timing Effect ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Ranking Task ◽  
University Level ◽  
Lexical Complexity

The present study examines the timing effect of form-focused instruction within a task on language performance. One hundred and ten university-level, French as a second language students of B1 and B2 proficiency performed a ranking task. Two groups received instruction on the subjunctive prior to completing the task, two groups received instruction during the task, and two groups received instruction after the task. Performance was analyzed along the lines of structural complexity, accuracy, fluidity, and lexical complexity. The group receiving instruction prior to task completion displayed the most structural complexity, overall accuracy, and fluidity. Instruction during the task resulted in the greatest degree of lexical complexity and accuracy with respect to the use of the subjunctive. The post-task instruction group did not stand out in any respect. The results of the study demonstrate that form-focus instruction given prior to task completion does not necessarily yield negative effects on performance, contrary to some theoretical predictions or pedagogical recommendations regarding Task-Based Language Teaching.

Mitigating the Effects of Task Switching in Baggage Screeners

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-371
Author(s):  
Kevin Zish ◽  
Jesse Eisert ◽  
Jennifer Blanchard ◽  
Daniel Endres ◽  
David Band ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Switching ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Task Instruction ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Memory Decay ◽  
Baggage Screening ◽  
Frequent Switching ◽  
Memory Support

Using a simulated baggage screening task, we investigated two literature-supported mitigation strategies for reducing the negative effects of task switching, namely less frequent switching and memory support. The study replicates widely reported switching effects on a complex task. The results also show that people can improve performance when provided memory support. When task switching, people can struggle to retrieve the correct task instruction due to the automatic process behind functional memory decay. Memory support reduces the negative effects of functional decay by providing people a reminder.

TASK COMPLEXITY, LANGUAGE-RELATED EPISODES, AND PRODUCTION OF L2 SPANISH VOWELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Solon ◽  
Avizia Y. Long ◽  
Laura Gurzynski-Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Complex Tasks ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
L2 Spanish ◽  
L2 Pronunciation

This study tests the theoretical predictions regarding effects of increasing task complexity (Robinson, 2001a, 2001b, 2007, 2010; Robinson & Gilabert, 2007) for second language (L2) pronunciation. Specifically, we examine whether more complex tasks (a) lead to greater incidence of pronunciation-focused language-related episodes (LREs) and (b) positively impact accuracy of phonetic form during task completion. Seventeen dyads of intermediate L2 Spanish learners completed simple (+few elements) and complex (-few elements) information-gap map tasks in which the pronunciation of Spanish vowels was made task essential through the inclusion of minimal pair street names (e.g.,Calle Copa“Copa Street” andCalle Capa“Capa Street”). Results revealed no statistical difference in learner-produced pronunciation-related LREs in the simple and complex tasks. Vowel production, however, moved in a targetlike direction for one of five segments (/e/) during the complex task. Results therefore point to some benefits of task complexity manipulations for L2 pronunciation.

Improving Robotic Operator Performance Using Augmented Reality

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (27) ◽  
pp. 1635-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Maida ◽  
Charles K. Bowen ◽  
John Pace
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Robotic Device ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Operator Performance ◽  
Positioning Errors ◽  
Augmented Reality Technology

Robotic operations performed in earth orbit face unique challenges. In the case of the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM), a two-armed robotic device, operations can last multiple orbital days, with dynamic sunlit days and very dark nights. Direct and indirect visibility can be difficult. This project developed and tested the use of augmented reality technology with a ground based trainer to reduce the negative effects of these conditions. Results of the project showed that twelve skilled operators can significantly reduce positioning errors and time to task completion when using augmented reality techniques.

scholarly journals Assessing the Hydrodynamic Response of the Mar Menor Lagoon to Dredging Inlets Interventions through Numerical Modelling

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam García-Oliva ◽  
Ángel Pérez-Ruzafa ◽  
Georg Umgiesser ◽  
William McKiver ◽  
Michol Ghezzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Water Renewal ◽  
Mar Menor ◽  
Mar Menor Lagoon

The Mar Menor lagoon has been subjected to high anthropogenic pressures. Among them, in the early 1970s, dredging and enlargement of one of the inlets to make a navigable channel has had strong consequences on the hydrology, ecology, and fisheries of the lagoon. In recent years, changes in agricultural practices have induced an eutrophication process, leading to loss of water quality. As a solution, some management proposals have included dredging of the inlets in order to increase the water renewal. However, these proposals did not take into account the negative effects of previous experiences nor the consequences on environmental conditions of the lagoon and therefore on biological processes. The purpose of this work is to assess the effect that proposed mitigation measures, could have on the hydrodynamic conditions and discuss its possible ecological consequences. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model has been used to simulate the lagoon under different dredging scenarios, covering different dredging depths and extensions. The simulated current fields and fluxes through the inlets, as well as water renewal times have been compared for the different scenarios. It is found that some of the considered scenarios take the system beyond the threshold of sustainability, where the modified current dynamics could affect sediment transport, beach dynamics and fishing capacities in a significant way. Water exchange with the Mediterranean is also strongly affected, with consequences for species connectivity, and a homogenization of the water renewal times that could lead to loss of ecosystem heterogeneity and structural complexity. The study demonstrates the utility of numerical models as effective tools for the management of coastal areas.

Is Beauty Beastly?

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Braun ◽  
Claudia Peus ◽  
Dieter Frey
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Transactional Leadership Style ◽  
Transformational Leadership Style

While attractiveness has many positive effects in everyday life, it has been shown to negatively affect selection of female leaders, the so-called “beauty is beastly” effect. Yet, an impact on more profound variables, such as followers’ trust in and loyalty toward female leaders, remains unclear, as does its interaction with different leadership styles: transformational (characterized by charismatic behavior aimed at inspiring and motivating followers) versus transactional (characterized by a strong focus on task completion and respective rewards or punishments). We have therefore made the first empirical attempt to test the interaction effects of leader gender, leader attractiveness, and leadership style on followers’ trust and loyalty. Results from a laboratory experiment provide clear empirical support for the negative effects of attractiveness for female (but not male) leaders with a transformational leadership style. Attractiveness did not influence trust and loyalty toward male and female leaders with a transactional leadership style. The negative influence of leader attractiveness on trust and loyalty toward female transformational leaders was mediated by ascribed leader communion.

scholarly journals Temperate Mountain Forest Biodiversity under Climate Change: Compensating Negative Effects by Increasing Structural Complexity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e97718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Braunisch ◽  
Joy Coppes ◽  
Raphaël Arlettaz ◽  
Rudi Suchant ◽  
Florian Zellweger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Biodiversity ◽  
Negative Effects

scholarly journals Perceptions about the Future of Integrating Emerging Technologies into Higher Education—The Case of Robotics with Artificial Intelligence

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Janika Leoste ◽  
Larissa Jõgi ◽  
Tiia Õun ◽  
Luis Pastor ◽  
José San Martín López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
University Level

Emerging technologies (ETs) will most likely have a strong impact on education (starting with higher education), just like they have already had in so many economic and social areas. This paper is based on the results obtained in the project “My Future Colleague Robot”, an initiative that aimed to improve the competence of university teaching staff regarding the introduction of ETs in teaching practices at university level. In this paper, we identified the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that are related to the adoption in higher education of the combination of two ETs: robotics together with artificial intelligence (AI). Additionally, we analyzed the perceptions of university-level teaching staff about the potential of introducing ETs in education. The empirical data presented here were collected using written essays from 18 university teachers and students. Deductive and inductive approaches with thematic analysis were used for the data analysis. The findings support the idea that previous ET-related experience can support positive attitudes and the implementations of ETs in university teaching; in this study, university teachers had optimistic expectations towards ETs, accepting them as part of teaching practice development, while discussion about the negative effects of ETs was negligible.

scholarly journals Who wins the tug of war? A comparative study of the influence of board power and CEO power on CEO-TMT pay gap

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1, special issue) ◽  
pp. 241-256
Author(s):  
Zhonghui Wang ◽  
Zonghui Li
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Ceo Power ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Tournament Theory ◽  
Managerial Power ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

Extant studies theoretically debate and empirically present inconsistent findings of the factors that influence the CEO-TMT pay gap. In this study, we extend the research of the antecedents of the CEO-TMT pay gap by directly comparing different theoretical predictions regarding the impacts of board power and CEO power on the CEO-TMT pay gap. Conducting dynamic panel analyses with GMM estimator on a sample of 2,117 firm-year observations in the S&P 500 between 2006 and 2013, we empirically test the contrasting predictions regarding the relationships among board power, CEO power, board-CEO power imbalance, and the CEO-TMT pay gap. In turn, we find that board power is negatively associated with the CEO-TMT pay gap and CEO power has the opposite effect. Moreover, the stronger board power against CEO power, the smaller the CEO-TMT pay gap becomes. Our theoretical analyses and empirical investigations contribute to the existing theoretical debate among agency theory, tournament theory, and managerial power theory regarding the determinants of the CEO-TMT pay gap. Consistent with agency theory predictions rather than tournament theory ones, our empirical results suggest that boards are conscientious about the potential negative effects of a larger CEO-TMT pay gap and therefore stronger boards usually do not rely on larger CEO-TMT pay gap to incentivize CEOs. This study also contributes to corporate governance literature by offering new aggregated proxies for board power and CEO power which reflect the multidimensional features of board-CEO relationships

scholarly journals Impacts of heat stress and storm events on the benthic communities of Kenting National Park (Taiwan)

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11744
Author(s):  
Lauriane Ribas-Deulofeu ◽  
Vianney Denis ◽  
Pierre-Alexandre Château ◽  
Chaolun Allen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
National Park ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Kenting National Park

Over the past few decades, extreme events—such as ocean warming, typhoons, and coral bleaching—have been increasing in intensity and frequency, threatening coral reefs from the physiological to ecosystem level. In the present study, the impacts of rising seawater temperatures, typhoons, and coral bleaching events on benthic communities were seasonally assessed over a 21 month-period, using photo-transects at 11 sites in Kenting National Park (KNP), Taiwan. Between August 2015 and April 2017, seven typhoon events were recorded and in situ seawater temperatures in KNP reached a maximum of 31.2 °C, as opposed to an average maximum SST of 28.8 °C (2007–2016). The state and response of benthic communities to these events were interpreted based on the environmental conditions of KNP. The repeated storms lowered the levels of thermal stress during the 2015–2016 El Niño event and may have mitigated its impact on the Taiwanese coral reefs. However, storm-induced local shifts from coral to macro-algae dominance were observed. Storms may mitigate the negative effects of heatwaves, but the mechanical damage induced by the storms may also decrease the structural complexity of reefs and their associated diversity. Eventually, despite reef persistence, the composition and function of remnant communities may profoundly diverge from those in regions with less active storms.

scholarly journals Effects of Social Media on Students at University Level During Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Bibi ◽  
Muhammad Hameed Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Media Study ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
University Level ◽  
Use Of Social Media

This study has shown to investigate the problem “effects of social media on students at university level during COVID-19”. Social media has influenced our life. The main objective of this study was to find out the influence of social networking sites on students during COVID-19 pandemic. The study was beneficial for youngster to use social media positively, informative and educational purpose and aware the youngster about the negative side of social media while they have much opportunity to stay at home and thy opportunity to get education by using social media. Study was consisted of four universities of Lahore i.e., public and two private and two department of each university. A sample of 10 female and 10 male students of each department were selected randomly.  This research was descriptive in nature and information was collected by using the designed with an online technique. The questionnaire was prepared for measuring the different option of males and female about positive use of social media. The questionnaire covered both positive and negative effects of social media in pandemic period. The questionnaire based on five-pointlikert scale. Data was analyzed through independent t-test at SPSS. The result demonstrated that the social media has both negative and positive effects on students during COVID-19 pandemic.Effects of social media on students at university level during COVID-19. Students mostly use social media for connected with friends and family and they exchanged helpful data and online classes via social media networking sites. Social media enhances social skill and developed technical skill while using it during class assignment and group discussions. Social media cause health problems and affect our cultures badly because students spend more time on social media during pandemic. Youngster spends their precious time on playing games and talking on social communication sites.

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