scholarly journals Reflexiones sobre el patrimonio cultural del Perú, contextos y perspectivas

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Sandra Negro

ResumenLa contribución reflexiona en torno a la compleja problemática del patrimonio cultural nacional y la urgentenecesidad de que el Estado desarrolle un gran proyecto nacional, que comprenda la investigación, difusión,conservación y tutela del mismo con el apoyo de la sociedad civil y las instituciones de educación superior, para que sea uno de los importantes ejes que consoliden la sociedad peruana de cara a las siguientes generaciones.Palabras clave: patrimonio, cultura, conservación, gestión, identidad. AbstractThe contribution reflects on the complex problems of national cultural heritage and the urgent need for the State to develop a major national project, including research, the publication of the results, conservation and guardianship with the support of the civil society and higher education institutions, to be one of theimportant axes that consolidate Peruvian society for the next generations.Keywords: heritage sites, culture, conservation, management, identity.

Nova Scientia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gabriel Borbón Morales ◽  
Marisol Arvizu Armenta

De acuerdo a los modelos teóricos de la transferencia de tecnología las empresas aprenden de otras empresas; en otras ocasiones las tecnologías se transfieren a partir de una política dirigida por el gobierno donde las empresas, los centros de investigación y las instituciones de educación superior confluyen trasladando el conocimiento de un actor a otro; otro modelo más, advierte de la participación activa de la sociedad civil, que derivado de sus necesidades se transforma en el eje que articula el tránsito del conocimiento hacia su aplicación en la empresa.En este trabajo se plantea realizar un análisis de éstos modelos, utilizando tres casos de empresas productoras de hortalizas en invernadero en México, con la finalidad de realizar un contraste entre los actores y las formas en las cuales estas empresas de horticultura protegida han vivido sus procesos de contacto, adaptación y modificación de la tecnología.Abstract. According to theoretical models of technology transfer, firm learn from other firm. At other times the technologies are transferred starting a government-led policy to firms, the research centers and higher education institutions are conductors of the transferring knowledge from one actor to another. Another model include the participation of civil society leading technology transfer. In this paper it is proposed an analysis of patterns of technology transfer, using three cases of mexican companies producing greenhouse vegetables, in order to make a contrast between the actors and the ways in which these firms have lived her processes of contact, adaptation and modification with the technology.


Author(s):  
Alma E. Isunza Bizuet ◽  
Apolinar Oliva Velas

El presente ensayo busca explicar cómo la construcción de la relación entre las elites que forman parte del Estado y los grupos sociales que son dirigidos y dominados por el propio Estado —en términos de Gramsci la relación Estado y sociedad civil— generan un tipo de proyecto nacional que impacta al conjunto de territorios, que desde nuestra perspectiva operan como un sistema territorial que compone a un Estado nación. Las condiciones de desarrollo de cada territorio y del conjunto del sistema están afectadas por cómo se estructuran las relaciones entre los grupos de poder local y los grupos de poder central del Estado. Con estas herramientas analíticas se construye una explicación de la relación histórica que se va erigiendo en el México posrevolucionario entre ambos poderes que afecta al desarrollo territorial.   ABSTRACT Based upon a gramscian perspective, this paper seeks to explain how the relationship between the State and civil society generates a type of national project that impacts all its territories. Refering to mexican postrevolutionary experience, it is pointed out that development conditions in each territory and in the entire system are affected by the structure of interactions between the local power groups and the State's central power groups.


2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Lucio Oliver Costilla

Resumo Este artigo aborda as atuais mudanças em curso na América do Sul, desde uma sociologia política crítica a partir de uma análise das interconexões entre sociedade política e sociedade civil, em especial gramsciana. Ela propõe ser a chave para construir um campo de problemas teóricos e metodológicos vinculados à teoria crítica e a questão do Estado em sentido integral, que permitam entender o que acontece na sociedade política (a disputa de projetos políticos) e, sobre tudo, na sociedade civil (o universo de ideologias, valores, visões de mundo em jogo). A questão não se trata aceitar a ótica dos autores políticos que dirigem as mudanças em marcha, se não configurar teoricamente a problemática das mudanças. Sugiro que este enfoque de estudo permita valorizar a capacidade de intervenção institucional e político-social das forças progressistas e perguntar se estão apostando, ou não, a elevar os níveis de organização e consciência das massas populares, questão chave na construção hegemônica. Conclui-se que a questão central a elucidar na última década e meia de governos progressistas na América do Sul é saber qual o Estado que se precisa para uma sociedade em expansão e empoderamento, e qual a sociedade civil necessária para sustentar, aprofundar ou consolidar as novas políticas em um sentido emancipador. Palavras-Chave: Crises e reconfiguração da América Latina. Ruptura epistemológica. Construção de problemáticas sociológicas. Crítica e política nas mudanças da América Latina.---ResumenEste articulo aborda las actuales mudanzas en curso en América del Sur desde una sociología política critica a partir de una análisis de las interconexiones entre sociedad política y sociedad civil en clave gramsciana. Propone que clave construir un campo de problemas teóricos y metodológicos vinculados a la teoría crítica y a la cuestión del Estado en el sentido integral, que permitan entender lo que acontece en la sociedad política (la disputa de proyectos políticos) y sobre todo en la sociedad civil (el universo de ideologías, valores, visiones del mundo en juego). La cuestión no pasa por aceptar la óptica de los actores políticos que dirigen los cambios en marcha, sino configurar teóricamente la problemática de los cambios. Sugiero que este enfoque de estudio permite valorar la capacidad de intervención institucional y político-social de las fuerzas progresistas y preguntarse si están apostando , o no, a elevar los niveles de organización y conciencia de las masas populares, cuestión clave en la construcción hegemónica. Se concluye que la cuestión central a dilucidar en la última década y media de gobiernos progresistas en América del Sur es saber cuál es el Estado que se precisa para una sociedad en expansión y empoderamiento, y cuál la sociedad civil necesaria para sustentar, profundizar o consolidar las nuevas políticas en un sentido emancipador.Palabras Clave: Crisis y reconfiguración de América Latina. Ruptura epistemológica. Construcción de problemáticas sociológicas. Crítica y política en las mudanzas de América Latina.---AbstractThis article covers the current changes taking place in South America, from a critical political sociology to an analysis of the interconnections between political society and civil society, especially Gramscian. This may be the key to building a field of theoretical and methodological problems linked to the critical theory and the issue of the State, which enables an understanding of the political society (the dispute of political projects) and, above all, of the civil society (the universe of ideologies, values, worldviews at stake). It is not a question of accepting the perspective of political figures that drive the ongoing changes, but to establish, theoretically, the issue of change. I suggest that this study approach will allow develop the ability of institutional and political-social intervention of the progressive forces and question if they are trying, or not, to raise levels of organization and consciousness of the masses, the key issue is in the hegemonic construction. I conclude that the key issue, from the last decade and a half of progressive governments in South America, is to know which is the state that is required for a society in expansion and empowerment and, in an emancipatory sense, which is the civil society needed to sustain, strengthen or consolidate the new policies. Keywords: Crisis and reconfiguration of Latin America. Epistemological rupture. Construction of sociological issues. Critical and political changes in Latin America.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Stupniker ◽  
◽  
Valentina Babenko ◽  

Under the influence of globalization and integration of economic processes in the domestic economy, the importance of intellectual resources is growing. Based on its use in economic activities, enterprises and organizations are able to realize their intellectual capital. The main condition for the formation of this special type of capital is the presence of intellectual potential that arises in the process of manifestation of intellectual abilities and professional competencies of the company's staff. The intellectual component is the fundamental basis of the system of relations between science, industry and society. Therefore, educational institutions play an important role in raising the intellectual level of the national economy. The theoretical approaches to determining the economic essence of the intellectual capital of higher education institutions have beem summarized in this article and the main aspects of realizing the intellectual potential of educational and research institutions in Ukraine have been explored. The availability of intellectual capital allows scientific organizations to formalize and implement in the market various forms and types of knowledge: research, skills, experience, competencies, professional skills. The purchase of knowledge allows commercial organizations to significantly increase the level of their technical and technological solutions, develop know-how, to acquire ownership of the right to use knowledge in the form of patents, licenses, franchises. On this basis, the production of new products can be carried out; use of new technologies, new management methods; creation of a trademark; development of new activities; entering new markets. The implementation of the socio-economic policy of the state should be based on the intensification of intellectual activity of higher education institutions, because in market conditions it is the state that should stimulate educational institutions to form intellectual capital. The important role of intellectual capital of higher education institutions is manifested in the fact that it allows them to become intellectual enterprises and significantly affect the national economy by increasing its competitiveness.


Author(s):  
Vera Boneva

The article systematizes information about the current cultural heritage programs in the Bulgarian higher education area. The data shows that in eleven Bulgarian universities a diploma of cultural heritage can be obtained. 17 master's and 3 bachelor's programs prepare over 500 students a year. Two doctoral programs are also accredited. The rich variety of curricula is an objective result of the complex structure of cultural heritage in itself. However, it is also an indicator for the fragmentation of the higher education system in Bulgaria. The conclusion proposes approaches to overcoming the mentioned fragmentation, as the interdisciplinarity of the scientific field requires pooling of competencies and efforts for better results.


Author(s):  
Aivars Mednis

Civil protection is an essential part of the national security system. One of the main conditions for successful functioning of any system is a properly organized regulatory framework - laws, Cabinet of Minister’s regulations that clearly define the civil protection structure and the responsibilities and rights of legal and natural persons involved in the processes. This study identifies the current situation and concludes that the norms of the Civil Defence and Disaster Management Law adopted by the Saeima in 2016 eliminate the discrepancies of the Civil Protection Law of 2006 and administrative-territorial reform of 2009, and specifically determine the areas of responsibility and activities of the state and municipal institutions, but the changes in the regulations governing the training of students and employees ensure compulsory civil protection courses for higher education institutions.


Author(s):  
Ana Estima ◽  
Paulo Duarte

The debate on what should be offered by universities concerning their marketing education curricula in order to serve the market needs, specifically the employers' has been widely present in the literature. Its relevance derives from the fact that employers are one of the most important stakeholders of higher education institutions, given their responsibility in the career of graduate students. In this chapter we intend to contribute to the understanding of the state of undergraduate marketing education offered by Portuguese universities and assess whether there is a mismatch between marketing education and market needs. A better understanding of the mismatch and its implications can lead to better marketing education programs, increasing not only the acceptance and employability of students but also the transfer of innovative marketing knowledge to companies. The findings show that there is indeed a gap between what is being offered by the academia and what is requested by the job market, in terms of marketing, that could be higher than 50% of the requirements expected by employers.


Author(s):  
Ana Estima ◽  
Paulo Duarte

The debate on what should be offered by universities concerning their marketing education curricula in order to serve the market needs, specifically the employers' has been widely present in the literature. Its relevance derives from the fact that employers are one of the most important stakeholders of higher education institutions, given their responsibility in the career of graduate students. In this chapter we intend to contribute to the understanding of the state of undergraduate marketing education offered by Portuguese universities and assess whether there is a mismatch between marketing education and market needs. A better understanding of the mismatch and its implications can lead to better marketing education programs, increasing not only the acceptance and employability of students but also the transfer of innovative marketing knowledge to companies. The findings show that there is indeed a gap between what is being offered by the academia and what is requested by the job market, in terms of marketing, that could be higher than 50% of the requirements expected by employers.


Author(s):  
Elvira Voronko

Ways of interaction between the state and business in the training of specialists with higher education are discussed in the article. A reduction in the budgetary financing of the activities of universities is observed in the Republic of Belarus. The need to find alternative sources of funding arises. In particular, the mechanism of public-private partnership is proposed to be used for financing. Tasks of higher education institutions and business in the field of higher education are presented. Forms of public-private partnership for the educational sphere are considered: partnership, non-profit organization (partnership, foundation), use of contracts as administrative contracts.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (27) ◽  
pp. 67-91
Author(s):  
PEDRO HENRIQUE PEDREIRA CAMPOS

O presente artigo dedica-se a analisar a diná¢mica da sociedade civil brasileira ao longo da ditadura civil-militar (1964-1988), atentando para a trajetória das formas organizativas do empresariado e dos trabalhadores. Enfatizamos especificamente as formas de associação dos empresários da indústria da construção, percebendo como o Estado ditatorial agiu em relação a esses agentes, em contraste com a polá­tica direcionada aos operários do mesmo setor. Verificamos uma intensa repressão á s formas de organização popular durante o regime e livre funcionamento das associações empresariais, que se multiplicaram, fortaleceram-se e ampliaram seus canais de ação junto ao aparelho de Estado, com poder de pautar em certa medida as polá­ticas estatais implementadas no perá­odo. Concluá­mos que esse fenômeno levou á  redefinição da arena da luta de classes na sociedade brasileira e afetou a forma como se deu o processo de transição polá­tica e a correlação de forças com o advento da Nova República.Palavras-chave: Ditadura civil-militar. Estado ampliado. Sociedade civil.  DICTATORSHIP AND SOCIAL CLASSES IN BRAZIL: the business and labor organizations of the construction industry during the civil-military regime (1964-1988)Abstract: This article analyzes the dynamics of the Brazilian civil society during the civil-military dictatorship (1964-1988), considering the trajectory of the organizational forms of the businessmen and the workers. We specifically emphasize the forms of association of entrepreneurs in the construction industry, perceiving how the dictatorial State acted in relation to these agents, in contrast to the policy directed to the workers of the same sector. We verified an intense repression of the forms of popular organization during the regime and free operation of the business associations, which multiplied, strengthened and expanded their channels of action with the aid of the State apparatus, holding the power to govern, to some extent, the State policies implemented in the period. We conclude that this phenomenon led to the redefinition of the arena of class struggle in the Brazilian society and affected the way in which the process of political transition took place and the correlation of forces with the advent of the New Republic.Keywords: Civil-military dictatorship. Expanded state. Civil society.  DICTADURA Y CLASES SOCIALES EN BRASIL: las organizaciones empresariales y laborales de la industria de la construcción durante el régimen civil-militar (1964-1988)Resumen: El presente artá­culo se dedica a analizar la dinámica de la sociedad civil brasileña a lo largo de la dictadura civil-militar (1964-1988), atentando para la trayectoria de las formas organizativas del empresariado y de los trabajadores. Enfatizamos especá­ficamente las formas de asociación de los empresarios de la industria de la construcción, percibiendo cómo el Estado dictatorial actuó en relación a esos agentes, en contraste con la polá­tica dirigida a los obreros del mismo sector. Verificamos una intensa represión a las formas de organización popular durante el régimen y libre funcionamiento de las asociaciones empresariales, que se multiplicaron, se fortalecieron y ampliaron sus canales de acción junto al aparato de Estado, con poder de pautar en cierta medida las polá­ticas estatales implementadas en el perá­odo. Concluimos que ese fenómeno llevó a la redefinición de la arena de la lucha de clases en la sociedad brasileña y afectó la forma como se dio el proceso de transición polá­tica y la correlación de fuerzas con el advenimiento de la Nueva RepúblicaPalabras clave: Dictadura civil-militar. Estado ampliado. Sociedad civil.


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