scholarly journals Craniotopographic characteristics of the distances between the foramina of the middle cranial fossa taking into account the human craniotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-570
Author(s):  
I. V. Chekanova ◽  
O. Yu. Vovk ◽  
V. B. Ikramov ◽  
S. O. Dubina
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Average Size

Annotation. It is known that within the middle cranial fossa there are rotundum, ovale and spinosum foramina through which important vessels and nerves pass. That is why it is important for surgeons not to damage them during surgery. The aim of the work was to establish the craniotopographic characteristics of the distances between the foramens of the middle cranial fossa of a mature person depending on the extreme types of skull structure. The morphometric study was performed on 50 CT scans of the adult human head using the anatomical imaging system Anatomage table, with the installed program Launching Table 6.0 Application and 50 bone preparations of the skull of adults in standard craniological methods using a common set of measuring instruments. In our study, craniometry was performed between the rotundum, ovale and spinosum foramina of the middle cranial fossa. Statistical processing of the obtained digital material was performed by the variation-statistical method with the determination of the Mann-Whitney criterion (p<0.05). The performed morphometry showed there is a slight asymmetry of the distances between the foramens of the left and right parts of the middle cranial fossa. The study also showed that there is no significant difference in the average size between the foramens in the left and right halves of the middle cranial fossa depending on the extreme types of skull. The length between the foramina of the same name (rotundum, ovale and spinosum) is characterized by a gradual increase in parameters from dolichocranes to brachycranes, combined with an increase in latitudinal size in brachycranes, average values in mesocranes and a decrease in transverse parameters in dolichocranes. The obtained results complement the existing information on craniotopographic and craniometric features of the middle cranial fossa and can be the basis for further research.

scholarly journals Variations of sphenoid pneumatization: a CBCT study

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Catalina Craiu ◽  
Mihai Sandulescu ◽  
Mugurel Constantin Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Anatomic Variation ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Maxillary Nerve ◽  
Onodi Cell ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Air Cells ◽  
Case Basis

AbstractBACKGROUND. The pneumatization pattern of the sphenoid sinus seems rather unpredictable, as resulted from previous studies. It is however extremely important for endoscopic approaches to target structures of the middle cranial fossa, such as the pituitary gland.MATERIAL AND METHODS. We aimed at documenting by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) the possibilities of anatomic variation of the sphenoid sinus. 25 randomly selected patients were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS. In 56%, the left and right sphenoidal sinuses were bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the sagittal pneumatization type: four patients had sellar types, one had presellar type and in nine cases the sphenoidal sinuses were reaching posteriorly to the sella turcica. Only in 8% of cases were found conchal types of pneumatization, but they were part of anatomical pictures including Onodi air cells. Such an Onodi cell presented a posterior (sphenoidal) recess reaching posteriorly and superiorly to the pterygopalatine fossa. The recesses of the sphenoid sinus were also documented: anterior or septal, ethmoidal, maxillary, clinoidal and lateral. In 32% was found a lateral recess only engaged between the vidian and maxillary nerve canals.CONCLUSION. It appears that CBCT is a reliable tool for accurate anatomic identification of the sphenoid sinus pneumatization pattern, on a case-by-case basis.

Facial Nerve Outcomes in Middle Cranial Fossa vs Translabyrinthine Approaches

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 906-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Isaacson ◽  
Steven A. Telian ◽  
Hussam K. El-Kashlan
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Vestibular Schwannomas ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cranial Fossa

OBJECTIVE: To compare the final facial nerve outcomes between middle cranial fossa (MCF) vs translabyrinthine (TL) resection of size-matched vestibular schwannomas. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective case review at a tertiary care hospital. All patients who underwent resection utilizing either MCF or TL approaches with tumors 18 mm or smaller and complete data were included in the analysis. One hundred twenty-four patients were identified meeting the above criteria, with sixty-three in the translabyrinthine group and sixty-one in the middle fossa group. One-week-postoperative and final facial nerve examinations were compared in the two surgical groups. Patients were separately analyzed in subgroups: tumors smaller than 10 mm and those that were between 10 and 18 mm. RESULTS: The tumor size range for the MCF group was 3-18 mm while it was 4-18 mm for the TL group. No statistically significant difference was found in facial nerve outcomes between the two surgical groups, at the first postoperative visit week and at last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Facial nerve outcomes are similar using TL and MCF approaches for resection of vestibular schwannomas up to 18 mm in size. SIGNIFICANCE: Patients undergoing the MCF approach for hearing preservation can be counseled that there is no increased risk of permanent facial nerve weakness, compared to the TL approach. EBM RATING: B-3

scholarly journals Numerical variations and localization of foramen spinosum in 3D-CT images

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Yadigar Kastamoni ◽  
Ahmet Dursun ◽  
Veysel Atilla Ayyıldız ◽  
Kenan Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Section ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Neurovascular Structures

Objectives: The structures passing through the foramen spinosum and its neurovascular relationships are of great importance for surgical approches directed to middle cranial fossa. The aim of the present study was to examine the number and location of the foramen spinosum (FS) in 3D-CT images. Methods: The study was retrospectively conducted on 3D-CT images of 177 adults. Firstly, the transverse section passing through the upper edge of the orbit, extending parallel to the Frankfurt plane was chosen. Then, the x and y-axes were determined on that transverse section. The coordinates, number, and location of the FS with respect to the foramen ovale (FO) were identified accordingly on x and y-axes. Results: While 1 FS was present in 90.96% of a total of 354 sides of 177 heads, there were 2 FS and 3 FS in 8.76% and 0.28% of the sides, respectively. The FS was located posterolaterally in 97.68%, posteriorly in 2.06%, and laterally in 0.26% with respect to the FO. In terms of FS coordinates, there was no statistically significant difference between gender and sides in the distance of the FS to the x-axis, but there was a statistically significant difference between gender and sides in the distance of the FS to the y-axis. Conclusion: Evaluation of the number of the FS and its location would help identifying and preserving neighbouring neurovascular structures during surgical interventions directed to the middle cranial fossa.

scholarly journals Middle Cranial Fossa Encephalocele and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage: Etiology, Approach, Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (03) ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
Beth McNulty ◽  
Christopher A. Schutt ◽  
Dennis Bojrab ◽  
Seilesh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Transmastoid Approach

Objective To compare outcome data for surgical approaches in the management of a middle cranial fossa encephalocele or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and, secondarily, to evaluate the role of obesity and the etiology of the defect. Design Retrospective Setting Quaternary referral center Participants The study included 73 patients who underwent surgical repair of middle cranial fossa tegmen defects, two of which underwent bilateral repair. Outcome Measures Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, etiology, imaging, audiometry, surgical findings, method and material for repair, and postoperative course. Results Fifty cases were spontaneous in origin, 2 were iatrogenic, and 23 were because of chronic otitis media. Of the 50, 18 underwent middle fossa craniotomy, 29 underwent a transmastoid approach, and 28 underwent a combined approach for repair. A postoperative CSF leak was seen in five patients: one who had undergone a transmastoid approach and four after a combined approach. There was no significant difference between the three approaches and risk of postoperative CSF fistulae. Two of the CSF fistulae resolved after a lumbar drain, and the remaining three patients required revision surgery. Conclusions Middle cranial fossa tegmen defects are most commonly seen in obese females and are spontaneous in origin. The most common location was the tegmen mastoideum, and these defects were most commonly repaired through the transmastoid approach, with no greater risk of recurrence.

scholarly journals Shapes and Sizes of Sella Turcica Using Computerized Tomography (CT) from Tertiary Hospital in Sokoto, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Z. Usman ◽  
A. D. Zagga ◽  
G. H. Yunusa ◽  
U. Abubakar ◽  
A. Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cranial Fossa

Cephalometry deals with measurement of body parts or radiological specimen. Sella turcica is an important anatomical structure located in the middle cranial fossa, housing the pituitary gland. Various shapes and sizes of the sellae turcica were reported. In this study, using computerized tomographic (CT) scans from a tertiary hospital, one hundred and seventy five (175) scans were analyzed using Radiant version 4.2 (Medixant 2017) for determination of sizes and shapes of the sella. Average dimensions from the study include: Length (12.4 mm), A-P diameter (14.1 mm), depth (9.6 mm) and transverse diameter (13.8 mm). Shapes were classified as being round (56.6%), oval (32%) and flat (11.4%). In another classification of shape variation, the findings are: Normal (68.6%), anterior oblique (9.1%), pyramidal (6.9%), double contour floor (5.7%), notching on the posterior wall (5.1%) and sella bridge (4.6%). Males tend to have higher sella sizes than females and there is statistical significant difference between them especially in respect to A-P diameter and length parameters. However, there is no sex predilection to shapes.

Morphological and Morphometric study of Jugular Foramen in human dry skull of Eastern Indian origin: An Anatomical Investigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 3829-3832
Author(s):  
Pratima Baisakh ◽  
Lopamudra Nayak ◽  
Sujita Pradhan ◽  
Saurjya Ranjan Das ◽  
Sitansu Kumar Panda
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Jugular Fossa ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background: Jugular foramen (JF) is one of the complex foramen present in base of skull. It varies in shape and size from side to side in same cranium, in different cranium and in different races. It is associated with many diseases of posterior cranial fossa and many skull base surgeries are being carried out by drilling the skull bone around JF for better exposure. Aim and objectives: The present study aims to carry out the morphological and morphometric analysis of jugular foramen of skulls of eastern Indian origin. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 100 JF of 50 dried human skulls. Anteroposterior(width), medio-lateral diameter(length) of JF, width and depth of the jugular fossa were measured. Mean and standard deviation of different measurements of left and right side were statistically analysed by student’s t-test. Presence of dome and septum were also studied. Results: The mean of all the measurements are more on right side than left side but it is statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Bony septum was found in 76% cases on left side and 60% on right side. Complete septation wasn’t found in our study. Domed roof was present in 66% cases on right side as compared to 52% on left side. Conclusion: Shape and size of JF may vary due to different size of internal jugular vein and it’s superior bulb. These variations can be due to constitutional, racial or genetic. This anatomical knowledge of JF may help the neurosurgeons, ENT surgeons and radiologists during their clinical exploration.

Gross Morphometric Study on Postnatal Development of Adrenal Gland in Gohilwadi Goat (Capra Hircus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnudeo Kumar ◽  
Anil Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Left And Right

A study was conducted on the adrenal gland of 20 Gohilwadi goats (Capra hircus), age ranging from day old to adult. Animals were divided in three age groups, viz., group-I (day old to 1 month), group-II (1 to 6 months) and group-III (above 6 months). The different gross and biometric parameters, viz., weight, length, width and thickness of both left and right adrenal gland were recorded. The left adrenal gland was roughly oval elongated and right was roughly triangular in shape in all the age groups. Different biometric parameters of adrenal gland increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from group I to group III. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in various gross and biometric observations between left and right adrenal gland within the same group.

scholarly journals The Middle Cranial Fossa: Morphometric Study and Surgical Considerations

Skull Base ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Maina ◽  
Alessandro Ducati ◽  
Giuseppe Lanzino
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Cranial Fossa

scholarly journals Kontrol Robot Menggunakan Gerakan Mata Berbasis Sinyal Electrooculography (EOG)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Kemahyanto Exaudi ◽  
Rendyansyah Rendyansyah ◽  
Aditya Putra Perdana Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
The Face ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Left And Right

Biomedical technology has now been widely adopted as a means of monitoring the human body in real-time. For example, to detect eye movement. In the medical world, eye movement can be used to determine the type of disease. With the application of human-machine interface (HMI) technology, eyeball movement can be developed in the robotics industry as robot navigation. For example, by moving the eyeball left and right, the robot can interpret the eye signal to move left and right. The interaction between the eyeball movement and the robot is of particular concern in this study. This study aimed to design a measuring instrument for eye movement detection using Electrooculography (EOG) techniques to move a wheeled robot. The EOG measuring instrument consisting of an instrument differential amplifier, a low pass filter, and a high pass filter has been applied in this research. The signal generator technique on EOG is carried out by placing electrodes on three sides of the face, namely forehead (G), left horizontal (H-), right horizontal (H +). The experimental results showed a significant difference between the left and right eye movement amplitude signals. This amplitude is used to classify the movement of the robot wheel towards the left and right. The process of sending robot signals and EOG measuring instruments uses Bluetooth HC-05 serial communication. Based on the research results, it is proven that the robot manages to move left and right according to the eyeball movement.

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