The Root of All “IVA”—A Quantitative Analysis of LSIM Bias/Detection Systems

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Laser Signal ◽  
Bias Detection ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Detection Schemes

Abstract The transfer functions of the bias/detection circuits used in various laser signal injection microscopy (LSIM) techniques, especially for those using constant current bias/detection schemes, are largely unknown. This article provides both qualitative and quantitative measures of various LSIM bias/detection schemes to develop a more complete understanding of the varying measurement systems. The authors have measured the characteristics of a variety of bias/detection circuits in ways that are similar to the characterization of a linear integrated circuit. They have concentrated on examining the frequency response, pulse response, and noise levels. It was found that the LSIM bias/detection systems have widely varying characteristics which, in turn will affect how they can be optimized. Furthermore, the relationship between the frequency and noise characteristics of the bias/detection systems and the input signal that is to be detected point to differing ways in which the systems can be modified for improved performance.

scholarly journals Optimizing noise characteristics of mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser using gain-induced RIN-transfer dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangshuoxue Han ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Zejiang Deng ◽  
Gehui Xie ◽  
Daping Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Phase Noise ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Dopant Concentration ◽  
Corner Frequency ◽  
Dispersion Management ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Laser Design ◽  
Parameter Dependent ◽  
Low Phase Noise

Abstract Gain-parameter-dependent transfer functions and phase-noise performances in a mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser are measured in this study. It is discovered that the corner frequency in the amplitude and phase domains is determined by the absorption coefficient of the gain fiber, when the total absorption and other cavity parameters are fixed. This shows that an oscillator using gain fiber with higher dopant concentration accumulates more phase noise. Furthermore, we present net cavity dispersion-dependent transfer functions to verify the effect of dispersion management on the frequency response. We derive a guideline for optimizing mode-locked fiber laser design to achieve low phase noise and timing jitter.

scholarly journals Improved Performance of Trash Detection and Human Target Detection Systems using Robot Operating System (ROS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kisron Kisron ◽  
Bima Sena Bayu Dewantara ◽  
Hary Oktavianto
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Target Detection ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Cascade Algorithm ◽  
Histogram Of Oriented Gradient ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Improved Accuracy

In a visual-based real detection system using computer vision, the most important thing that must be considered is the computation time. In general, a detection system has a heavy algorithm that puts a strain on the performance of a computer system, especially if the computer has to handle two or more different detection processes. This paper presents an effort to improve the performance of the trash detection system and the target partner detection system of a trash bin robot with social interaction capabilities. The trash detection system uses a combination of the Haar Cascade algorithm, Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) and Gray-Level Coocurrence Matrix (GLCM). Meanwhile, the target partner detection system uses a combination of Depth and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) algorithms. Robotic Operating System (ROS) is used to make each system in separate modules which aim to utilize all available computer system resources while reducing computation time. As a result, the performance obtained by using the ROS platform is a trash detection system capable of running at a speed of 7.003 fps. Meanwhile, the human target detection system is capable of running at a speed of 8,515 fps. In line with the increase in fps, the accuracy also increases to 77%, precision increases to 87,80%, recall increases to 82,75%, and F1-score increases to 85,20% in trash detection, and the human target detection system has also improved accuracy to 81%, %, precision increases to 91,46%, recall increases to 86,20%, and F1-score increases to 88,42%.

Detecting Intrusions in Cyber-Physical Systems of Smart Cities

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Butun ◽  
Patrik Österberg
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Privacy Violation ◽  
Detection Schemes

Interfacing the smart cities with cyber-physical systems (CPSs) improves cyber infrastructures while introducing security vulnerabilities that may lead to severe problems such as system failure, privacy violation, and/or issues related to data integrity if security and privacy are not addressed properly. In order for the CPSs of smart cities to be designed with proactive intelligence against such vulnerabilities, anomaly detection approaches need to be employed. This chapter will provide a brief overview of the security vulnerabilities in CPSs of smart cities. Following a thorough discussion on the applicability of conventional anomaly detection schemes in CPSs of smart cities, possible adoption of distributed anomaly detection systems by CPSs of smart cities will be discussed along with a comprehensive survey of the state of the art. The chapter will discuss challenges in tailoring appropriate anomaly detection schemes for CPSs of smart cities and provide insights into future directions for the researchers working in this field.

scholarly journals New Current-Mode Integrated Ternary Min/Max Circuits without Constant Independent Current Sources

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Moradi ◽  
Reza Faghih Mirzaee ◽  
Keivan Navi
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Constant Current Source ◽  
Static Power ◽  
Current Flows

Novel designs of current-mode Ternary minimum (AND) and maximum (OR) are proposed in this paper based on Carbon NanoTube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFET). First, these Ternary operators are designed separately. Then, they are combined together in order to generate both outputs concurrently in an integrated design. This integration results in the elimination of common parts when both functions are required at the same time. The third proposed current-mode integrated circuit generates both ternary operators with the usage of only 30 transistors. The new designs are composed of three main parts: (1) the part which converts current to voltage; (2) threshold detectors; and (3) the parallel paths through which the output current flows. Unlike the previously presented structure, there is no need for any constant current source within the new designs. This elimination leads to less static power dissipation. The second proposed current-mode segregated Ternary minimum operates 43% faster and consumes 40% less power in comparison with a previously presented structure.

scholarly journals Ionic liquid based EDLCs: influence of carbon porosity on electrochemical performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asa Noofeli ◽  
Peter J. Hall ◽  
Anthony J. R. Rennie
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Electrochemical Stabilities ◽  
Electrochemical Double Layer ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Operating Potential

Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are a category of supercapacitors; devices that store charge at the interface between electrodes and an electrolyte. Currently available commercial devices have a limited operating potential that restricts their energy and power densities. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a promising alternative electrolyte as they generally exhibit greater electrochemical stabilities and lower volatility. This work investigates the electrochemical performance of EDLCs using ILs that combine the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion with sulfonium and ammonium based cations. Different activated carbon materials were employed to also investigate the influence of varying pore size on electrochemical performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and constant current cycling at different rates were used to assess resistance and specific capacitance. In general, greater specific capacitances and lower resistances were found with the sulfonium based ILs studied, and this was attributed to their smaller cation volume. Comparing electrochemical stabilities indicated that significantly higher operating potentials are possible with the ammonium based ILs. The marginally smaller sulfonium cation performed better with the carbon exhibiting the largest pore width, whereas peak performance of the larger sulfonium cation was associated with a narrower pore size. Considerable differences between the performance of the ammonium based ILs were observed and attributed to differences not only in cation size but also due to the inclusion of a methoxyethyl group. The improved performance of the ether bond containing IL was ascribed to electron donation from the oxygen atom influencing the charge density of the cation and facilitating cation–cation interactions.

A Security UV Curing Device Based on LED Array

2014 ◽  
Vol 1037 ◽  
pp. 152-155
Author(s):  
Chuan Mei Bao ◽  
Chang Liang Liu ◽  
Chun Jun Li ◽  
Gu Chang Wang ◽  
Fei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Uv Curing ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Constant Voltage ◽  
Pyroelectric Sensor ◽  
Uv Led ◽  
Led Array ◽  
Processing Signal

The study mentioned a curing equipment with UV LED array based on pyroelectric sensor and AP3706, which is based on the primary side control circuit so that it can complete the LED array constant voltage constant current output.the light source drive can output the constant voltage and constant current. The sensing signal processing signal integrated circuit BISS0001 as the pyroelectric sensor amplifier circuit as core, with relay making up the protection module of curing device. The experimental results show that, the curing equipment can realize the stable and homogeneous UV output, and when a human body in front of LED, the array will disabled to keep the human body away from damage UV induced.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF IMPROVING ASYNCHRONOUS ENGINES IN THE CONTEXT OF TRAINING FUTURE TEACHERS OF TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Mykola Kurach ◽  
Oleksandr Yemets
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Stator Winding ◽  
Case Method ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Current Frequency ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Research Activities

The article covers issues related to the ways of improvement an asynchronous engine. The features of modernization of asynchronous motors aimed at increasing their energy efficiency are considered. The reasons for the low average load of this engine in the electric drive, especially the traditional and the newest approaches to the calculation of such engines, are analyzed. A new method of executing a stator winding (combined windings) of an electric motor, which has a significant economic effect, is characterized. It is noted that this method of performing the stator winding provides: the ability to adjust the speed at a constant current frequency by gradually changing the voltage throughout the speed range; soft and stable mechanical characteristics; consumption of smaller starting currents and increase of a twisting moment; improvement of vibration and noise characteristics. The importance and peculiarities of studying the methods of increasing the energy efficiency of asynchronous engines by future teachers is substantiated. In this context, the study of improving the efficiency of electrical installations, in particular induction motors, is important in the formation of professional competencies of teachers related to the ability to analyze and evaluate objects of the technological environment and the ability to organize research activities of students in the process of working on educational projects. . The main methods of forming these competencies are the method of specific situations (case method), as well as the method of algorithm for solving inventive problems. Key words: asynchronous engine, energy efficiency, technological processes, electric drive, combined windings, future teachers of technology, the method of specific situations (case method), the method of algorithm for solving inventive problems (the Innovation Algorithm).

scholarly journals Improved Performance of Li-ion Polymer Batteries Through Improved Pulse Charging Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy M. Amanor-Boadu ◽  
Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Battery Charge ◽  
Charge Current ◽  
Pulse Charging ◽  
Pulse Charge ◽  
Improved Performance

Pulse charging of lithium-ion polymer batteries (LiPo), when properly implemented, offers increased battery charge and energy efficiencies and improved safety for electronic device consumers. Investigations of the combined impact of pulse charge duty cycle and frequency of the pulse charge current on the performance of lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) batteries used the Taguchi orthogonal arrays (OA) to identify optimal and robust pulse charging parameters that maximize battery charge and energy efficiencies while decreasing charge time. These were confirmed by direct comparison with the commonly applied benchmark constant current-constant voltage (CC–CV) charging method. The operation of a pulse charger using identified optimal parameters resulted in charge time reduction by 49% and increased charge and energy efficiencies of 2% and 12% respectively. Furthermore, when pulse charge current factors, such as frequency and duty cycle were considered, it was found that the duty cycle of the pulse charge current had the most impact on the cycle life of the LiPo battery and that the cycle life could be increased by as much as 100 cycles. Finally, the charging temperature was found to have the most statistically significant impact on the temporarily evolving LiPo battery impedance, a measure of its degradation.

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