Integration of Spatial Point Features with Linear Referencing Methods

2003 ◽  
Vol 1836 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shauna L. Hallmark ◽  
William G. Schuman ◽  
Steven W. Kadolph ◽  
Reginald Souleyrette
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Lateral Offset ◽  
Departments Of Transportation ◽  
Transportation Agencies ◽  
Offset Error

The Global Positioning System (GPS) offers a cost-effective and accurate method for inputting, updating, and analyzing spatial data. However, many data-storage and reporting methods at state departments of transportation and other transportation agencies rely on linear referencing methods (LRMs) for managing transportation data. Consequently, GPS data must be able to coexist with linear referencing systems (LRSs). Unfortunately, the two systems are fundamentally different in the way they collect, integrate, and manipulate data. For spatial data collected with GPS to be integrated into an LRS or shared among LRMs, several issues must be addressed. Various issues are discussed for integrating point features from a typical inventory system with an LRM or between LRMs, including two- or three-dimensional GPS to one-dimensional LRM, linear offset error, lateral offset error, matching to the wrong segment, and locating points between LRMs.

Research on Construction of Visual Platform of Beijing Power Grid Based on Multi-Technology Fusion

2014 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 928-932
Author(s):  
Dong Ya Jin
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Control Measures

The platform uses three-dimensional data modeling, visual simulation and spatial data storage to make the business of regulation center, operation and maintenance center and marketing and management center of Beijing Power grid implement visualized operation, and load the spatial information data, equipment data and operation data of Beijing power grid into the system platform, and the data is displayed with the form of graphic or image, which not only realizes managing space resource data in real three-dimensional scene, but also make the system operator to know the operation state of the system directly, and makes the control measures more effective. And the paper uses virtual reality technology to establish visual scene of ground to realize integrated visual display of power transformation, power transmission and power distribution, which not only makes the producers, managers and decision makers directly master the situation of production line in power station, but also realizes that producers and managers affiliate decision makers to formulate production plan.

Accelerating the Calibration of Multihole Pressure Probes by Applying Advanced Computational Methods

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnoud R. C. Franken ◽  
Paul C. Ivey
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Pressure Probe ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Individual Probe ◽  
Probe Calibration

The miniature multihole pneumatic pressure probe is widely regarded as a cost-effective, easy-to-use, and accurate method for performing two- or three-dimensional flow field measurements in turbomachinery. The major downside to the use of these probes is that the influence of fabrication imperfections on probe characteristics necessitates an extensive and highly time-intensive and, therefore, costly calibration of each individual probe. Unless these probes can be fabricated to such standards that make individual probe calibrations superfluous, the only way to significantly reduce the time and costs associated with probe calibration is to shorten the calibration process. The latter is only possible if all essential information can be obtained from less calibration data. This paper describes an approach to the calibration of a series of multihole pressure probes in which advanced computational methods are used to make this possible. By exploiting the key features of a probe’s characteristic this approach requires only a fraction of the size of a conventional calibration database for the accurate modeling of the relationships between port pressures and flow conditions. As a result, calibration time and costs can be reduced without the sacrifice of quality.

scholarly journals Big LIDAR Data in Digital Earth: Ways Out of Dead End

2020 ◽  
pp. paper46-1-paper46-10
Author(s):  
Ilya Rylskiy
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Spatial Data Sets ◽  
Limited Precision

During past 25 years, laser scanning has evolved from an experimental method into a fully autonomous family of Earth remote sensing methods. Now this group of methods provides the most accurate and detailed spatial data sets, while the cost of data is constantly falling, the number of measuring instruments (laser scanners) is constantly growing. The volumes of data that will be obtained during the surveys in the coming decades will allow the creation of the first sub-global coverage of the planet. However, the flip side of high accuracy and detail is the need to store fantastically large volumes of three-dimensional data without loss of accuracy. At the same time, the ability to work with the specified data in both 2D and 3D mode should be improved. Standard storage methods (file method, geodatabases, archiving, etc) solve the problem only partially. At the same time, there are some other alternative methods that can remove current restrictions and lead to the emergence of more flexible and functional spatial data infrastructures. One of the most flexible and promising ways of laser data storage and processing are quadtree and octree-based approaches. Of course, these approaches are more complicated than typical file data structures, that are commonly used for LIDAR data storage, but they allow users to solve some typical negative features of point datasets (processing speed, non-topological spatial structure, limited precision, etc.).

scholarly journals Tridimensional geotechnical database modeling as a subsidy to the standardization of geospatial geotechnical data

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bruno Oliveira ◽  
Newton Souza ◽  
Rafael Silva ◽  
Eleudo Silva Junior
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Geotechnical Data ◽  
Database Modeling ◽  
Geotechnical Database ◽  
Geotechnical Investigations ◽  
District Government

Geotechnical data is often produced and managed by several producers in isolation, in their own formats and standards, which aim to meet the unique needs of specific users, because there is not a defined geospatial geotechnical data storage standard. This article presents the physical implementation of a three-dimensional geotechnical database, based on a data model generated using the Object Modeling Technique for Geographic Applications, composed of information produced by the academy and various administrative institutions of the Federal District Government. More than four thousand quantitative e qualitative geotechnical investigations are available in this structured database that can be accessed by anyone with some geographic information system knowledge using QGIS. Considering that the compiled information was stored by their producers in distinct formats and most of them in a non-digital and without locational information, this work reinforces the need to adoption a standardization of geospatial geotechnical data storage on a unified basis compatible with the National Spatial Data Bank to disseminate this information.

Comparison of Overnight Truck Parking Counts with GPS-Derived Counts for Truck Parking Facility Utilization Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (8) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Diaz Corro ◽  
Taslima Akter ◽  
Sarah Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Expansion Factor ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Facility Type ◽  
Transportation Agencies ◽  
Parking Facilities

Increased demand for truck parking resulting from hours-of-service regulations and growing truck volumes, coupled with limited supply of parking facilities, is concerning for transportation agencies and industry stakeholders. To monitor truck parking congestion, the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT) conducts an annual observational survey of truck parking facilities. As a result of survey methodology, it cannot capture patterns of diurnal and seasonal use, arrival times, and duration. Truck Global Positioning System (GPS) data provide an apt alternative for monitoring parking facility utilization. The issue is that most truck GPS datasets represent a sample of the truck population and the representativeness of that sample may differ by application. Currently no method exists to accurately expand a GPS sample to reflect population-level truck parking facility utilization. This paper leverages the ARDOT study to estimate GPS “expansion factors” by parking facility type and defines two expansion factors: (1) the ratio of trucks parked derived from the GPS sample to those observed during the Overnight Study, and (2) the ratio of truck volume derived from the GPS sample to total truck volume measured on the nearest roadway. Varied expansion factors are found for public, private commercial (e.g., restaurant, retail store, etc.), and private truck stop facilities. Comparatively, the expansion factor based on roadway truck volumes was at least twice as high as that derived from the Overnight Study. Considering this, the method to determine expansion factors has significant implications on the estimated magnitudes of parking facility congestion, and thus will have consequences for investment prioritization.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Thematic Map Imaging of the Yacht Port on the Example of the Polish National Sailing Centre Marina in Gdańsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7016
Author(s):  
Pawel S. Dabrowski ◽  
Cezary Specht ◽  
Mariusz Specht ◽  
Artur Makar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Convex Surface ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Many

The theory of cartographic projections is a tool which can present the convex surface of the Earth on the plane. Of the many types of maps, thematic maps perform an important function due to the wide possibilities of adapting their content to current needs. The limitation of classic maps is their two-dimensional nature. In the era of rapidly growing methods of mass acquisition of spatial data, the use of flat images is often not enough to reveal the level of complexity of certain objects. In this case, it is necessary to use visualization in three-dimensional space. The motivation to conduct the study was the use of cartographic projections methods, spatial transformations, and the possibilities offered by thematic maps to create thematic three-dimensional map imaging (T3DMI). The authors presented a practical verification of the adopted methodology to create a T3DMI visualization of the marina of the National Sailing Centre of the Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport (Poland). The profiled characteristics of the object were used to emphasize the key elements of its function. The results confirmed the increase in the interpretative capabilities of the T3DMI method, relative to classic two-dimensional maps. Additionally, the study suggested future research directions of the presented solution.

scholarly journals Literature Mapper: A QGIS Plugin for Georeferencing Citations in Zotero

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117862212110092
Author(s):  
Michele M Tobias ◽  
Alex I Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Web Mapping ◽  
Web Map ◽  
Public Sharing ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Soil And Water

Many studies in air, soil, and water research involve observations and sampling of a specific location. Knowing where studies have been previously undertaken can be a valuable addition to future research, including understanding the geographical context of previously published literature and selecting future study sites. Here, we introduce Literature Mapper, a Python QGIS plugin that provides a method for creating a spatial bibliography manager as well as a specification for storing spatial data in a bibliography manager. Literature Mapper uses QGIS’ spatial capabilities to allow users to digitize and add location information to a Zotero library, a free and open-source bibliography manager on basemaps or other geographic data of the user’s choice. Literature Mapper enhances the citations in a user’s online Zotero database with geo-locations by storing spatial coordinates as part of traditional citation entries. Literature Mapper receives data from and sends data to the user’s online database via Zotero’s web API. Using Zotero as the backend data storage, Literature Mapper benefits from all of its features including shared citation Collections, public sharing, and an open web API usable by additional applications, such as web mapping libraries. To evaluate Literature Mapper’s ability to provide insights into the spatial distribution of published literature, we provide a case study using the tool to map the study sites described in academic publications related to the biogeomorphology of California’s coastal strand vegetation, a line of research in which air movement, soil, and water are all driving factors. The results of this exercise are presented in static and web map form. The source code for Literature Mapper is available in the corresponding author’s GitHub repository: https://github.com/MicheleTobias/LiteratureMapper

Turbulent three-dimensional dielectric electrohydrodynamic convection between two plates

2012 ◽  
Vol 696 ◽  
pp. 228-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kourmatzis ◽  
J. S. Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Turbulent Regime ◽  
Scalar Flux ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scalar Variance

AbstractThe fundamental mechanisms responsible for the creation of electrohydrodynamically driven roll structures in free electroconvection between two plates are analysed with reference to traditional Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC). Previously available knowledge limited to two dimensions is extended to three-dimensions, and a wide range of electric Reynolds numbers is analysed, extending into a fully inherently three-dimensional turbulent regime. Results reveal that structures appearing in three-dimensional electrohydrodynamics (EHD) are similar to those observed for RBC, and while two-dimensional EHD results bear some similarities with the three-dimensional results there are distinct differences. Analysis of two-point correlations and integral length scales show that full three-dimensional electroconvection is more chaotic than in two dimensions and this is also noted by qualitatively observing the roll structures that arise for both low (${\mathit{Re}}_{E} = 1$) and high electric Reynolds numbers (up to ${\mathit{Re}}_{E} = 120$). Furthermore, calculations of mean profiles and second-order moments along with energy budgets and spectra have examined the validity of neglecting the fluctuating electric field ${ E}_{i}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $ in the Reynolds-averaged EHD equations and provide insight into the generation and transport mechanisms of turbulent EHD. Spectral and spatial data clearly indicate how fluctuating energy is transferred from electrical to hydrodynamic forms, on moving through the domain away from the charging electrode. It is shown that ${ E}_{i}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $ is not negligible close to the walls and terms acting as sources and sinks in the turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent scalar flux and turbulent scalar variance equations are examined. Profiles of hydrodynamic terms in the budgets resemble those in the literature for RBC; however there are terms specific to EHD that are significant, indicating that the transfer of energy in EHD is also attributed to further electrodynamic terms and a strong coupling exists between the charge flux and variance, due to the ionic drift term.

scholarly journals Applications of Biomaterials in 3D Cell Culture and Contributions of 3D Cell Culture to Drug Development and Basic Biomedical Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Yujin Park ◽  
Kang Moo Huh ◽  
Sun-Woong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Toxicity Of Drugs ◽  
External Stimuli

The process of evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of drugs is important in the production of new drugs to treat diseases. Testing in humans is the most accurate method, but there are technical and ethical limitations. To overcome these limitations, various models have been developed in which responses to various external stimuli can be observed to help guide future trials. In particular, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has a great advantage in simulating the physical and biological functions of tissues in the human body. This article reviews the biomaterials currently used to improve cellular functions in 3D culture and the contributions of 3D culture to cancer research, stem cell culture and drug and toxicity screening.

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