scholarly journals SENIOR HOUSING IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Girašek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Senior Housing ◽  
Retirement Facilities

Housing of seniors is very non-unified in the Slovak Republic. As a central government, the state has delegated much of the competence in the area of senior housing to local governments in the form of delegated competences. This is also the case for the third sector, which is involved and uses state support for its activities. There is no advanced form of retirement facilities network. However, it is not only important that seniors only passively use the assistance of the state in case of dependence on care, but the social policy of Slovakia should aim to active form of social secure, lead elderly to their own responsibility and help them to financially cover acceptable housing. This is endangered by low pensions, income and expenditure structure of retirement households. New challenges in the future include the creation of social enterprises and senior parks. The purpose of this article is to map the above aspects and point out possible innovations and examples of good practice.

scholarly journals RENCANA AKSI NASIONAL BELA NEGARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Agus Subagyo
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
State Defense ◽  
Government Level

This article aims to explain the 2018-2019 state defense action plan in Presidential Instruction No. 7 of 2018 which mandates all ministries, non-ministerial government agencies, and local governments to take action to defend the country through three stages, namely the stages of socialization, internalization, and movement action. The dilution of the state defense action plan at the central government level has been very active, however, at the level of the reverent regional government it has not yet been felt, especially with the existence of regional autonomy where the central government is not necessarily able to "control" the regional government, so that all this needs attention parties, to see the perspective of the regional government in implementing the state defense action plan.

scholarly journals Role of Public Entities in Suitable Provision of Public Services: Case Study from Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Viera Papcunová ◽  
Roman Vavrek ◽  
Marek Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Role ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Administration

Local governments in the Slovak Republic are important in public administration and form an important part of the public sector, as they provide various public services. Until 1990, all public services were provided only by the state. The reform of public administration began in 1990 with the decentralization of competencies. Several competencies were transferred to local governments from the state, and thus municipalities began to provide public services that the state previously provided. Registry offices were the first to be acquired by local governments from the state. This study aimed to characterize the transfer of competencies and their financing from state administration to local government using the example of registry offices in the Slovak Republic. In the paper, we evaluated the financing of this competency from 2007 to 2018 at the level of individual regions of the Slovak Republic. The results of the analysis and testing of hypotheses indicated that a higher number of inhabitants in individual regions did not affect the number of actions at these offices, despite the fact that the main role of the registry office is to keep registry books, in which events, such as births, weddings, and deaths, are registered.

scholarly journals Decentralization in self-government bodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Kateryna Malyuk
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Country Formation ◽  
Voluntary Basis

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of decentralization as a foundation for the formation of local governments in Ukraine. The importance of introducing the reform of decentralization of power on the path of development of Ukraine as a democratic, social, legal state is proved. The activity of local self-government in the conditions of decentralization is currently a priority among the reforms in Ukraine, as new trends in state building of our country, formation of civil society institutions, optimization of the system of local self-government determine new conditions for decentralization. Traditionally, a constant view of decentralization as a process in which independent units that form the bearers of local self-government are formed in a centralized state requires the development of new approaches to the analysis of its content and, accordingly, the search for new opportunities to achieve the goal. The role of decentralization in the formation of the institution of local self-government is crucial. After all, decentralization is a kind of management system, in which part of the functions of central government is transferred to local governments. Decentralization is one of the forms of democracy development, which at the same time preserves the unity of the state and its institutions while expanding the possibilities of local self-government. It aims to activate the population to meet their own needs, to narrow the sphere of state influence on society, to reduce expenditures on the maintenance of the state apparatus. This process promotes direct democracy, as it involves the transfer of control of a number of local affairs directly into the hands of stakeholders. Thus, we can say that decentralization helps to build the civil society we so strive for. As a result of local government reform and decentralization of power, the basis of the new system of local self-government should be united territorial communities, which are formed on a voluntary basis in accordance with the statutory procedure with their own self-government bodies, including executive bodies. The reform should help improve the lives of Ukrainian citizens, as well as build a legal, modern, efficient and, most importantly, competitive European state.

scholarly journals Proliferation of Local Governments in Indonesia: Identity Politics within a Troubled Nation State

PCD Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Purwo Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
New Order ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Do So

This article aims to scrutinise the phenomenon of proliferation of local government units in Indonesia in order to understand how identity politics has evolved within and through the process of decentralization. In doing so, there are several points to make. The numbers of districts and municipalities in Indonesia have doubled within six years. Local governments have proliferated in the sense that the numbers of local government units have multiplied rapidly in such a short period. There were 'only' a little bit more than 200 units when Suharto stepped down in 1998, and that had more than doubled to 466 units in 2006. Interestingly, this took place in an absence of a definite plan, as the state showed its enthusiasm for decentralisation and a bottom-up process of decision-making. First, the state can no longer maintain its hegemonic role. Under the regimes of Sukarno and Suharto, the state possessed relatively effective technocratic and bureaucratic apparatus that ensured effective control over its people and agenda. Through technocratically equipped bureaucracies the state mobilised certain kinds of discourse that, in turn, defined what was deemed proper under the banner of ethnic and religious solidarity. Second, local elites play critical roles in the process of proliferation. Moreover, in many cases their roles have reversed since the fall of the New Order. Previously, they were co-opted by the state but now, they are co-opting the state. Why is that so? The state is well aware of and even too sensitive to the potential of ethnic-based, race-motivated conflicts, as well as secession (Wellman 2005). Indeed, conflicts did take place quite extensively in Indonesia for that reason. As a result, the state opts to accomodate the interests of local elites instead of confronting them. In other words, proliferation of local government serves as a strategy for preventing political disintegration. Local autonomy is currently the best available solution to ethnic conflict in Indonesia (Bertrand 2004). Third, the proliferation of local governments confirms the importance of territoriality or territorial attachment (Kahler and Walter 2006). Territory serves as a basis for identity politics. By establishing a new set of local governments, the central government still retains territorial control and, at the same time, local activists also have an opportunity to do so.

scholarly journals Flood Disaster Mitigation Through Citizen Lawsuit

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Mulyani ZULAEHA ◽  
Lies ARIANY ◽  
Akhmad HENDRYAN DWIFAMA ◽  
Rizka Annisa FALMELIA ◽  
Muhammad SHOFWAN RIDHANI
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
State Administrators ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Perspective Analysis

The state is responsible for providing protection and management in accordance with the authority it has so that environmental damage does not occur that causes flooding and is able to anticipate the possibility of flooding again in the future. However, in practice it cannot be denied that state administrators, in this case the central government to local governments, have the possibility of committing a mistake as an act against the law because it does not provide fulfillment of the rights of citizens, so that the community can sue the state for that mistake. Citizen lawsuits do not lead to claims for losses, but demands in the form of issuing general policies by the government. The purpose of this study is to find out about the efforts of citizens to obtain protection from the threat of flooding through the citizen lawsuit mechanism and to find out how the potential citizen lawsuit mechanism in resolving floods so that it does not happen again. This study uses a normative juridical approach by using perspective analysis. The results showed that the problem of flooding resulted in citizens not getting their rights to a good and healthy environment. The citizen lawsuit is carried out so that state officials issue a general regulatory policy as a preventive one (disaster mitigation) so that floods do not occur again in the future.

scholarly journals Georgia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (223) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
The State ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
State Owned Enterprise ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Government

Georgia’s public sector balance sheet (PSBS) is in relatively healthy shape, with assets exceeding liabilities, and is comparatively lean. Looking across all entities that the government controls, including the central government, local governments, the State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) sector and the National Bank of Georgia (NBG), total assets are worth 149 percent of GDP, made up of cash, loans, infrastructure, land and productive SOE assets. Liabilities are worth 81 percent of GDP, primarily comprising loans and debt of the government and SOEs. This leaves positive net worth of 68 percent of GDP, putting it in the top third of countries in the IMF’s database.

scholarly journals Higher education in China: Institutions and mechanisms of the state and party management

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-654
Author(s):  
T. L Guruleva ◽  
Wang Bing
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
University Management ◽  
Central State ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Higher Education In China

The higher education of China has achieved significant results in recent years. Therefore, it is important to study management of this system and basic mechanisms used by the party and state institutions. The article is based on the analysis of open data sources, including official documents on the development of the higher education (laws, national programs, projects and plans), and the results of the Russian and Chinese scientific research. The authors consider state and party institutions as a unified system of the education system management: central and local party institutions, party organizations of the central and local government and primary organizations of the party (CPC), central and local executive authorities of the state. Party institutions of the higher education management include executive bodies of the CPC and the local provincial party committees, party organizations of the central and local governments (Ministry of Education and other State Councils structures, local peoples governments) and primary party committees of universities. State administrative bodies in the higher education include central (State Council of the PRC including Ministry of Education and other institutions) and local administrative bodies (local peoples governments, including education committees of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities under the central government). The main mechanism that determines activities of the party bodies and the state university management system consists of special projects and plans. The authors present five main plans for the development of the higher education system in China and identify their features and goals.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF STATE GOVERNMENT IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Diana Kirika ◽  
Alla Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
State Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
Democratic Transformation

The article discusses the principles of organization, functioning and interaction of the system of central executive bodies and local authorities, models of the distribution of powers and responsibilities between them. Attention is drawn to the essence of such interaction and the connection of these bodies with other facts and processes of public and state life is manifested. The search for ways to improve the legislation of Ukraine, in accordance with the standards of the Council of Europe, in the context of decentralization and local government reform, has been carried out. In particular, attention is drawn to problematic issues related to the fact that the citizens of Ukraine getting their own administrative centers with clearly defined territories can simultaneously destroy the decentralization reform, concentrating all the powers in the hands of the central government. In this regard, the issue of establishing territories of territorial communities cannot be the authority of a centralized executive power, that is, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. It should be determined by the legislative body – the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine jointly with the local self-government bodies. Further re-organization of local state administrations into prefectural bodies, which will oversee the legality of certain community decisions, also needs in-depth analysis. The spheres of activity of the state are directly transformed into the spheres of public administration. Recognizing the leading idea of the self-government`s study, the authors do not negate the concept of “public administration”. The article proves that it is the democratic transformation of public administration that will enable modern local self-government institutions to be formed. In this context, the powers of local governments and executive authorities in their interaction are analyzed in detail. The powers are delegated by the state to local self-government bodies only at the level of the administrative-territorial structure at which it is possible and appropriate to exercise them. And legal acts of local governments, adopted in violation of the Constitution and legislation of Ukraine, must be stopped until the question of their legality is resolved.

scholarly journals Constitutional Challenges of Creating New Local Government Areas in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Jude Okafor
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Grassroots Development ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Secondary Methods

Local government is purposely established by law to provide grassroots development. In federal states, it is usually created by law of the federating units, and in unitary states it is created by central government. However, since the entrenchment of local government as a third-tier level of government in the 1979/1999 federal constitutions of Nigeria, there have been a lot of difficulties in creating new local governments. This paper examines the dynamics of this structure and the challenges posed to the orderly creation of new local government areas in Nigeria. The paper adopts secondary methods of data collection and analysis. It finds that the conflicting constitutional provisions which vest in the state and federal governments powers to create new local government areas have created many controversies in the polity. It recommends that the creation and statutory finance of local government councils in Nigeria should be expunged from the federal constitution.

scholarly journals Personal income tax management in Ukraine on the game theory basis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Olena Tymchenko ◽  
Yuliia Sybirianska ◽  
Yevheniia Polishchuk ◽  
Nataliia Rudyk ◽  
Volodymyr Korotun
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
The State ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Game Theory

One of the main problems of the fiscal decentralization in Ukraine is the substantiation of the optimal proportion of the personal income tax distribution among the state and different types of local budgets in order to insure the sufficient financial resources for the territorial communities. Since period of the Budget Code adoption, the percentage of the personal income tax paid from salaries to the different levels of budgets has changed three times. However, the methodic of such distribution is not clear. The authors suggest approach of analyzing the logic of the personal income tax distribution on the game theory basis. They consider different ways of making decisions and prove that in all of the analyzed cases the winner was the central government of Ukraine. Such behavior of the central government in making decisions does not meet the goals of the fiscal decentralization reform. The main reason of such situation is that the decisions are made by the state government, but not by the local communities or their representatives. Besides, it is difficult to distribute the expenditures among different types of budgets according to the Governments’ competences. The authors suggest some recommendation of the personal income tax distribution in order to ensure benefits for all participants of the game: communities, local governments and central government. But they conclude that the active influence of people on the behavior of the local governments is the basic premise for the scientific research of the PIT optimal distribution.

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