Histiaia is mentioned twice in the period of epic poetry as an independent political body with ideological criteria and institutions rooted in a rich religious mythology that drew deeply on its Ionian inheritance and foundation. The present study offers a thorough investigation of Histiaia‘s historical course during the period from the eighth century BC until the later Roman period. The significance for Hellenism of the naval battle of Artemisium was decisive despite the violent destruction of Histaia‘s demes. Subsequently, Histaia acquired a metropolitan character with many cultural institutions and a clear mode of self-government, taking as its primary objective the enforcement of the institutional conditions agreed by its six phyles, of which the Aeinaftes and Mekistis are known to us today. After the city had the status of an Athenian cleruchy for approximately forty years, it returned embittered to the political formation of the Greek city-states. The effort to detect archaeological and topographic data of the forty-three cities, which together delimit their geographical range, and identify the location of Classical Histiaia in the pre-cleruchy period is one of the objectives of this study. Among other topics discussed are the excavation sites of three large demes, first in order to identify urban elements that reveal the formation of the metropolis and its mode of activity, and second to investigate the historical topography from the Geometric era until the Roman imperial period across the entire territory under Histiaia‘s control. Also demonstrated in this study is that in addition to information about the geomorphological relief extractable from both coastal and mountainous areas, as well as the historical outline drawn from ancient sources, we can also glean detailed knowledge of architectural influences and the origins of the funerary monuments that reveal the history of the urban fabric, as do also the sculptural works associated with it. Furthermore, this study deals with the epigraphical evidence relating to the institutions of the city and particularly those of the territory of Histiaia that were instrumental in the promotion of political-economic conditions which would in turn nurture peace in the region of Euboea. Histiaia‘s governing system, epigraphical evidence and monetary policy is presented in such a way as to accommodate new evidence the will emerge that in the future to strengthen the research axis established here for the study of the political system that prevailed in northern Euboea for at least three centuries.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POLITICAL AND MILITARY SPACE BETWEEN LUOYANG CITY IN HAN AND WEI DYNASTIES AND ROME IN IMPERIAL PERIOD
