scholarly journals A Review on the Relationship between Matrix Metalloproteinases (Mmps) and their Natural Inhibitors (Tissue Inhibitors Of Matrix Metalloproteinases [Timps]) and the Success of an Autologous Arteriovenous Fistula (Avf)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Norhisham Azmi Abdul Rahman ◽  
Ahmad Faidzal Othman
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Intimal Hyperplasia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Natural Inhibitors

Since its introduction by Brescia and Cimino in 1966, arteriovenous fistula has been regarded as the best vascular access for haemodialysis purpose. However, it’s not without any drawbacks which has cost over USD1 billion in the United States alone to rectify them. Intimal hyperplasia has been shown to be a major contributory factor to this development. Intimal hyperplasia is a complex molecular process resulting in unwarranted accumulation of contractile smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, and macrophages. There is an increasing amount of evidence suggesting that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and its natural inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases ([TIMPs]) play a pivotal role in the development of intimal hyperplasia. Our purpose of writing this review article is to examine these evidences and to suggest of what future research questions need to be answered to further strengthen and clarify this relationship.

Support for the Americans With Disabilities Act Among Nondisabled People

2021 ◽  
pp. 104420732110231
Author(s):  
Carli Friedman ◽  
Laura VanPuymbrouck
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Americans With Disabilities Act ◽  
A Priori ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Participation ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) opened the doors to access and enhanced the civil rights of people with disabilities. However, a lack of accessibility to all segments of society continues throughout the United States and is frequently described by people with disabilities as a leading cause for limited participation. Beliefs and attitudes regarding disability can affect critical decisions regarding inclusion and people with disabilities’ civil rights. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore support and opposition to the ADA among nondisabled people. We had the following research questions: (a) What is the relationship between disability prejudice and support for the ADA? and (b) When controlling for disability prejudice, what other factors lead people to support the ADA? To do so, we examined secondary data from approximately 13,000 participants from all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Findings from this study revealed that people who oppose the ADA are significantly more prejudiced toward people with disabilities than people who support the ADA. Understanding and becoming aware of attitudes and prejudice toward persons with disabilities can be a first step toward dispelling such beliefs and possibly a priori step to achieving the intent and spirit of the ADA.

scholarly journals Age Differences in the Relationship Between Daily Social Media Usage and Affect

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 410-410
Author(s):  
Xin Yao Lin ◽  
Margie Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Time

Abstract Social media platforms allow people to connect and share content online (e.g., Facebook, Twitter). Although older adults are becoming more frequent users of social media, there continue to be mixed views on whether social media positively or negatively impacts well-being. Past studies have mainly focused on cross-sectional analyses for individual differences. However, both the time spent on social media and one’s affect can fluctuate on a daily basis. Thus, it is important to understand how the relationship between daily social media usage and affect varies within individuals from day to day. The current study adds to the literature by examining whether daily variations in time spent with social media are related to daily positive and negative affect and whether there are age differences in these relationships. The current study used an eight-day daily diary from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher dataset for 782 participants (ages 25-75). Multilevel modeling results revealed that age moderated the relationship between daily time spent on social media and negative affect: for younger adults, on days when they spent more time on social media, they had more negative affect. For older adults, on days when they spent more time on social media, they had less negative affect. Surprisingly, daily time spent on social media was not related to daily positive affect, nor did this relationship differ by age. Implications for future research are discussed with a focus on how social media usage can contribute to daily well-being for adults of different ages.

14. Political Democracy and State Repression

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Davenport
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
State Repression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This chapter explores the relationship between political democracy and state repression. Afer providing an overview of the democracy–repression link, it considers what research has been conducted on the topic and also what has been ignored. It uses the United States and its treatment of African Americans as an example of how existing research in this field should change, as well as to emphasize the importance of disaggregation (regarding institutions, actors, and actions). The chapter concludes by suggesting directions for future research. It argues that researchers need to improve the way in which they think about the relationship between democracy and repression, and that they need to modify how they gather information about democracy and repression.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Influence of Internal Marketing on Service Innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Soheila Raeisi ◽  
Nur Suhaili Ramli ◽  
Meng Lingjie
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Service Innovation ◽  
Internal Marketing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

This paper aims aimed to present the trends of the literature review in internal marketing and service innovation between 1990 and 2016. The significant reason to conduct this research is that significant variables of internal marketing to link with service innovation are not clearly defined. This research yielded 22 systematic reviews of articles in the Scopus library and adopted a thematic analysis to analyze the data collected. This study provides provided answers to research questions by elaborating on overall trends, objectives, theoretical framework, methodologies, and potential variables that strongly connect between internal marketing and service innovation. While sample sizes are limited to this paper, it suggests suggested fruitful recommendations for future research to overcome this limitation. This research has had two practical implications for managers to redefine their roles and the relationship between members of the organization and to help managers and the firms to consider internal marketing efforts towards motivation, organizational culture, and organizational learning.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Hispanic Paradox: The Mortality Experience of Mexican Immigrants in Traditional Gateways and New Destinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fenelon
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
New Destinations ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research suggests that favorable health outcomes among Mexican immigrants reflect high levels of social support in enclave communities with high co-ethnic density. This study examines the mortality outcomes of Mexican immigrants in the United States in traditional gateways versus new and minor destinations. Mexican immigrants in new and minor destinations have a significant survival advantage over those in traditional gateways, reflecting less established communities in new destinations. This finding casts doubt on the protective effects of enclaves, since non-traditional destinations have less established immigrant communities. Future research should reevaluate the relationship between community ethnic composition, social support, and immigrant health.

Citizens and Mobile Government Adoption

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Reddick
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phone ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Tremendous Impact

In electronic government or e-government research there is an increased importance being placed on the investigation of new and emerging technologies. Mobile government is one area that has received very little research, but can have a tremendous impact on the way that citizens engage with their government. This paper asks two research questions. First, what are the important factors that predict mobile government adoption by citizens? Second, are there any important distinctions between mobile government compared to other common cell phone activities? The data used to answer these questions is taken from a survey of cell phone users across the United States. The results indicated that mobile government adoption was best predicted by mobile phone use and social factors. Demographic factors, associated with the digital divide, were not found to be highly correlated with mobile government adoption. In addition, mobile government adoption is different from other online cell phone activities, such as going to a social networking site or getting a weather forecast online. The results of this paper imply that future research should study more closely the adoption of mobile government activities.

A kind of Religious Coping: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Consolation in the Lutheran Tradition

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard M. Hummel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Religious Coping ◽  
Community Psychology ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Event Reporting ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Relationship

Building on the theoretical research of community psychology and cultural psychology, I focus in this paper on these two questions: What kind of religious coping is practiced by some members of the Lutheran tradition? What does an understanding of the relationship between the tradition and religious coping of these members indicate that may be distinctive or unexpected about their religious coping? I do this by: reviewing the background of my research in community psychology, cultural psychology, and tradition-specific research on religious coping – particularly in the United States; outlining a method for a qualitative study of nine Lutheran co-researchers in the United States who had experienced a significant negative event; reporting some of the results of that study; using the results of the study to discuss the two questions above; concluding with some suggestions for future research of the specific religious traditions in which religious coping phenomena may occur, and of the phenomena of religious coping in specific religious traditions.

Posttraumatic Growth as a Mediator of Self-Blame and Happiness in the Context of Interpersonal Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Moschella ◽  
Sidney Turner ◽  
Victoria L. Banyard
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Sexual assault (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) occur at alarming rates in the United States. Prior research indicates that victims of traumatic events frequently experience both positive and negative changes as part of their recovery process. The present study aimed to further existing research by examining the relationship between self-blame, posttraumatic growth (PTG), and happiness when controlling for posttraumatic stress and time since victimization. The current study analyzed 357 women who had experienced at least one incident of SA or IPV. We found that PTG partially mediated the relationship between self-blame and happiness, suggesting that PTG only somewhat explains the impact of self-blame on victim happiness. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The Synthesis and Future Directions of Empirical Research on International Students in the United States: The Insights from One Decade

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masha Krsmanovic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Students ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
International Student ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the trends in empirical research on international students in the United States produced between 2010 and 2019. After reviewing and synthesizing the characteristics of 334 research articles published over the past decade, the author identified the areas that have been overly researched and the domains that have not yet been adequately explored. The overall findings of this review indicated that recent scholarly efforts were not always aligned with the international student representation on U.S. campuses. Consequently, the author generated nine critical recommendations for future research in the field. The recommendations were produced and presented in the context of overly- and under-researched institutional sites (i.e. institutional type and control), international student populations (i.e. academic level, field of study, and country of origin), research methods employed, and research questions examined.

Educational System Building

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-811
Author(s):  
David K. Cohen ◽  
James P. Spillane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Systems ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
System Building ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Improve Instruction ◽  
The Relationship

Recognizing that there are many different sorts of school systems in the United States and noting the absence of comparative research on these systems, we sampled six such systems—two public, one not, and three at various places on the border between public and private—for a comparative study of educational system in the United States. In this introduction, we motivate the research and discuss our research questions in order to situated the four papers in this special issue. The first three papers capture how different systems inhabit their environments similarly and differently, exploring the relationship between environments on one hand and the system–instruction connection on the other. The fourth paper sketches a comparative research agenda that would include more school systems, in and outside the United States, as they try to improve instruction.

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