scholarly journals Evaluation of New High Oleic Virginia-Type Peanut Cultivars for Disease Tolerance, Yield, and Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.L. Mehl
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Disease Tolerance ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Disease Pressure

ABSTRACT As new cultivars are developed and released by peanut breeding programs, their levels of tolerance to common diseases and the overall profitability of production needs to be determined. Virginia-type peanut cultivars were evaluated for disease resistance/tolerance, yield, and quality when grown under different fungicide programs and in locations varying in disease pressure. Cultivars included a disease susceptible (CHAMPS) and tolerant (Bailey) cultivar and two new high-oleic cultivars, Sullivan and Wynne. Fungicide programs consisted of a leaf spot program, a leaf spot plus Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) program, a leaf spot plus Sclerotinia blight program, or an untreated check. Cultivars and fungicide programs were arranged in a randomized split-plot design with fungicide treatments in 16-row main plots and cultivars in 4-row subplots. Disease incidence and severity varied among growing seasons and the five fields where experiments were conducted. Overall, Sullivan had good leaf spot tolerance and both Sullivan and Bailey had Sclerotinia and CBR tolerance. All cultivars yielded well in the absence of disease pressure, but Sullivan was consistently the highest yielding cultivar. Grade characteristics varied among cultivars, but while fungicide treatments impacted yield, they had little effect on grade. Net value and profitability of different fungicide programs varied by experiment, but overall Sullivan had the highest net value regardless of fungicide program. Due to slightly higher disease tolerance compared to Bailey, good agronomic characteristics, high yield and quality under a variety of growing environments, and the presence of the high-oleic trait, Sullivan is an excellent cultivar for Virginia-type peanut production in the Virginia-Carolina region.

scholarly journals Identification of the Optimum Environments for the High Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated in Multi-Location Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8247
Author(s):  
Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽  
Christos Noulas ◽  
Anastasia Kargiotidou ◽  
Dimitrios Baxevanos ◽  
Evangelia Tigka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consisting of ten diverse sites for two consecutive growing seasons, for seed yield (SY), other agronomic traits, crude protein (CP), cooking time (CT) and crude protein yield (CPY). A significant diversification and specialization of the locations was identified with regards to SY, CP, CT and CPY. Different locations showed optimal values for each trait. Locations E4 and E3, followed by E10, were “ideal” for SY; locations E1, E3 and E7 were ideal for high CP; and the “ideal” locations for CT were E3 and E5, followed by E2. Therefore, the scope of the cultivation determined the optimum locations for lentil cultivation. The GGE-biplot analysis revealed different discriminating abilities and representativeness among the locations for the identification of the most productive and stable genotypes. Location E3 (Orestiada, Region of Thrace) was recognized as being optimal for lentil breeding, as it was the “ideal” or close to “ideal” for the selection of superior genotypes for SY, CP, CT and CPY. Adaptable genotypes (cv. Dimitra, Samos) showed a high SY along with excellent values for CP, CT and CPY, and are suggested either for cultivation in many regions or to be exploited in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Developing new lines of Japonica rice for higher quality and yield under arid conditions

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11592
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A.A. El Sayed ◽  
Ahmed M.S. Kheir ◽  
Fatma A. Hussein ◽  
Esmat F. Ali ◽  
Mahmoud E. Selim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition

Rice is the world’s largest food crop, and its production needs to be doubled by 2050 to cope with population growth and associated demand. In addition to the value of improving yields, quality is also important for breeders and consumers, but it pays less attention in arid regions. During two successive summer growing seasons, the experimental material focused on 34 genotypes developed from different crosses on Fn generation after fixation as well as six of the most recent commercial cultivars used for comparisons. The results showed that a high yield of grain followed by high milling and grain quality characteristics were observed among the 34 genotypes used in this analysis. Highly important and positive correlations between the percentage of hulling and the percentage of milling (0.424) and the yield ability could be accomplished by choosing the number of panicles per plant and the weight of the panicles. Selection criteria for good quality should be met by the percentage of head rice and many mineral elements, particularly zinc and iron. As a consequence, the genotypes M.J 5460S/SK105-1, M.J 5460S/GZ7768-1, M.J 5460S/G177-1, M.J 5460S/SK105-3 and M.J 5460S/SK106-4 had desirable high yield and quality characteristics and could be used as promising accessions to the rice breeding program in arid regions. In addition to commercial genotypes, improved Japonica rice genotypes could be produced in arid conditions for higher yield and quality, leading to an increase in total production, supporting food security and nutrition.

scholarly journals Characterization, Virulence, Epidemiology, and Management of Anthracnose in Celery

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1832-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina M. Rodriguez-Salamanca ◽  
Lina M. Quesada-Ocampo ◽  
Rachel P. Naegele ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum Species Complex ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Disease Pressure

Leaf curling and petiole twisting of celery (Apium graveolens) were observed in several commercial fields in five Michigan counties in 2010 through 2012, causing significant crop damage and loss. Prior to this time, the pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum species complex had not been previously associated with celery in Michigan. In this study, the pathogen’s genotype and phenotype were characterized, the influence of environmental conditions determined, and fungicides tested. Pathogen identification was based on conidial morphology and molecular identification using species-specific primers. Intersimple-sequence repeat (ISSR) banding patterns were similar between C. acutatum isolates from celery (n = 51) and blueberry (n = 1) but different from C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides. Four ISSR primers resulted in 4% polymorphism when tested on isolates from celery. Pathogenicity and virulence of C. acutatum sensu lato isolated from celery (n = 81), tomato (n = 2), and blueberry (n = 1) were evaluated in greenhouse experiments, which revealed differences in virulence among isolates but no significant differences specific to collection year, county, or field. In dew chambers and growth chambers, high temperatures (≥25°C) or long leaf wetness duration (>24 h) increased disease incidence. Twelve fungicides were tested in field studies over two growing seasons to determine their efficacy against celery anthracnose. The fungicides azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, mancozeb, and chlorothalonil reduced disease by 27 to 50% compared with the untreated control when disease pressure was moderate.

scholarly journals 451 Evaluating Skin-set of the Sweetpotato

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 522C-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis W. Jett
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Testing Device ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Shear Tester

Skinning of sweetpotatoes [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] can reduce marketable yield and quality. The `Beauregard' sweetpotato, despite its consistent high yield and quality, is very susceptible to skinning injury during harvest. A research project was initiated to investigate chemical and mechanical methods to improve skinset of `Beauregard' sweetpotato. Approximately 14 days before harvest, Desicate II and Enquik (dihydrogen tetraxosulfate) were applied to the sweetpotato vines as a broadcast spray. Mechanical methods evaluated included mowing with a flail-type mower or pulling (vine detachment) 7 days before harvest. Skin-set was measured using a Halderson periderm shear tester fitted to a torquometer. The Enquik + Desicate II treatment significantly desiccated the vines relative to application of Desicate II alone. The skin set testing device was sensitive enough to detect differences between treatments. The highest skin-set reading was obtained from the pulled vine treatment. Marketable yield was not affected by application of any chemical or mechanical treatment. Curing of skinned sweetpotatoes(4 days; 30 °C; 90% relative humidity) significantly reduced postharvest moisture loss and disease incidence.

Seeding Rate and Planting Date Impacts Stand Density, Diseases, and Yield of Irrigated Peanuts

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
H. L. Campbell ◽  
K. L. Bowen ◽  
L. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Spot Intensity ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Release of peanut cultivars with enhanced tomato spotted wilt (TSW) resistance along with the decline in the incidence of this disease gives Alabama producers the option of earlier planting of irrigated peanuts to optimize farm operations and lower seeding rates to reduce input costs. Mid-April and mid-May plantings of the cvs. Florida-07, Georgia-06G, and Georgia Green at 6.6, 9.8, 13.1, and 19.7 seed/m were monitored over three years for TSW, stem rot, and leaf spot diseases as well as yield. Despite low TSW pressure and lack of a seeding rate response, disease incidence was higher in Georgia Green than Florida-07 and Georgia-06G with higher TSW indices noted for the April than May plantings of the former but not latter two cultivars. While not impacted by planting date, stem rot incidence, which was higher at 13.1 and 19.7 than 6.6 seed/m, was lower on Florida-07 than Georgia-06G and Georgia Green with the latter proving most susceptible. Although leaf spot intensity was not impacted by seeding rate, disease ratings were higher for May than April plantings, with Florida-07 and Georgia-06G having lower leaf spot ratings than Georgia Green in two of three study years. While planting date did not impact yield in two of three years, higher yields were recorded at 13.1 and 19.7 than 6.6 seed/m, with Florida-07 and Georgia-06G having higher yields than Georgia Green. Accepted for publication 16 February 2015. Published 20 April 2015.

Comparison of Three High-Oleic Peanut Cultivars under Varying Field Conditions in the Southwestern United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Woodward ◽  
T.A. Baughman ◽  
M.R. Baring ◽  
C.E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Production Areas

ABSTRACT Cultivar selection is one of the most economically important decisions made by peanut producers. The development of genotypes capable of maintaining yield and quality under a wide range of conditions is important so that profitability can be maximized. Issues such as declining irrigation capacity and diseases limit production in parts of Texas. Efforts of the Texas AgriLife Peanut Breeding Program are to develop breeding lines with improved yield potential, total sound mature kernels (TSMK), and disease resistance. Cultivar trials were conducted in 2009, 2010, and 2011 to evaluate the performance of the cultivar Tamrun OL11. Trials were established in several different production areas under various field conditions and included the commercial standards Flavor Runner 458 and Tamrun OL07. Yields were similar for Flavor Runner 458 and Tamrun OL07 at 4538 and 4534 kg/ha, respectively; whereas, Tamrun OL11 averaged 4845 kg/ha (P  = 0.02). TSMK plus sound splits (SS) for Tamrun OL11 were 1.3% higher than Flavor Runner 458 and 2.4% higher Tamrun OL07. When comparing cultivars in fields with a history of severe Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor) yield increases of 1240 and 2229 kg/ha were observed for Tamrun OL11 over Tamrun OL07 and Flavor Runner 458, respectively. Results from these studies illustrate the high yield potential and superior TSMK of Tamrun OL11.

scholarly journals Effects of Application of Fungicide During the Dormant Period on Phomopsis Cane and Leaf Spot of Grape Disease Intensity and Inoculum Production

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1195-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nita ◽  
M. A. Ellis ◽  
L. L. Wilson ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Dormant Period ◽  
Phomopsis Viticola ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Calcium Polysulfide

Efficacy of application of the fungicides calcium polysulfide or fixed copper during the dormant period on control of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot of grape (Vitis spp.), caused by Phomopsis viticola, was examined under field conditions during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons in Ohio. Dormant-period fungicide applications were made either in the fall (after leaf drop and periderm tissue formation on the first-year canes, mid-November), or spring (at bud-swell, mid-April), or both. Disease incidence and severity on leaves and internodes were examined. In addition, effects of dormant-period application on sporulation of P. viticola were determined by examining the number of conidia in rain-splashed water in the spring and formation of mature pycnidia on cane sections in the winter. Fall-and-spring and spring applications of calcium poly-sulfide provided 12 to 88% reduction in disease intensity (incidence or severity), whereas calendar-based protectant mancozeb applications reduced overall disease intensity by 47 to 100%. Fixed-copper applications did not provide a consistent reduction of the disease. Fall applications of dormant-period fungicide provided little or no effect by itself. There was a significantly lower number of conidia observed in collected splashed rain water from vines treated with fall-and-spring applications of calcium polysulfide than in rain water from nonsprayed vines. Fall-and-spring and spring applications of calcium polysulfide provided a significant reduction in the number of mature pycnidia formed on incubated cane sections compared with the nonsprayed control (5 versus 10 pycnidia/cm2), whereas fixed copper did not provide a significant reduction.

scholarly journals Combination of Disease Resistance, Drought Tolerance, and Dollar Value among Runner and Virginia-Type Peanut Cultivars in Georgia.

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
S. M. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

ABSTRACT With increasing production cost, southeast U.S. peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growers are continually seeking to lower inputs to enhance economical return and sustainability of their farming operation. Utilization of peanut cultivars with the best combination of disease resistance, drought tolerance, and greatest dollar value return would be beneficial. Fifteen peanut cultivars were evaluated for 5-years (2011–15) and seventeen cultivars were evaluated for 4-years (2012–15) with minimum inputs and without irrigation at two locations in Georgia. Each year, minimum inputs for disease control included only three fungicide sprays at recommended rates on a 28 d schedule beginning 37 d after planting. No insecticide, nematocides, miticides, or irrigation were applied during the growing seasons each year. ‘Georgia-06G', ‘Georgia-12Y', ‘Georgia-13M', ‘Georgia-14N', and Florida-EP ‘113’ had the lowest TSWV and total disease incidence (disease resistance) among the ten runner-type cultivars for both Georgia locations; whereas, ‘Bailey', ‘Georgia-08V', and ‘Georgia-11J' had the least disease incidence among the five virginia-type cultivars. Similarly, Georgia-13M, Georgia-06G, and Georgia-12Y had the greatest gross dollar value return per hectare (drought tolerance) among the runner-types; whereas, Georgia-08V and Georgia-11J had the greatest dollar values per hectare among the virginia-type cultivars at both Georgia locations in this four and five-year study, respectively.

Disease and Yield Responses to Fungicides Among Peanut Cultivars Differing in Reaction to Sclerotinia Blight1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Damicone ◽  
K. E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Yield Responses

Abstract Peanut cultivars with different disease reactions to Sclerotinia blight received a variable number of applications of iprodione at 1.12 kg/ha or fluazinam at 0.56 kg/ha to determine the most efficient management program. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) cultivar x treatment interactions occurred for each fungicide. In two trials with iprodione, two applications reduced disease incidence for the susceptible cultivar Okrun from 62 to 27% as compared to the control, and increased yield from 2034 to 2581 kg/ha. Three applications did not improve disease control or increase yield as compared to two applications. Iprodione did not affect disease incidence or yields of the moderately resistant cultivar Spanco (9%, 2475 kg/ha) or the resistant cultivar Tamspan 90 (3%, 2903 kg/ha). In three other trials, fluazinam reduced disease incidence in one or more trials and increased yields across trials for all cultivars. Two applications provided the best disease control for Okrun as disease incidence was reduced from 77 to 22%. However, the increase in yield for one (1034 kg/ha) and two (1415 kg/ha) applications did not differ. Reductions in disease incidence with fluazinam varied for Spanco and Tamspan 90, and the yield increase was less than for Okrun. Two applications for Spanco reduced disease incidence from 17 to 7% and increased yield from 2900 to 3484 kg/ha. One application to Tamspan 90 reduced disease incidence from 10 to 5% and increased yield from 3348 to 3891 kg/ha. Tamspan 90 had the highest yield in all trials regardless of fungicide treatment.

Response of Peanut Cultivars to Full and Reduced Spray Programs of Tebuconazole for Control of Southern Stem Rot1

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Besler ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
O. D. Smith ◽  
A. J. Jaks
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract Eleven commercially grown peanut cultivars were evaluated for disease and yield response to two and four applications of tebuconazole under moderate disease pressure (< 12 hits/12.2 m) by southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii). The incidence of southern stem rot was reduced in all cultivars when treated with two and four sprays of tebuconazole. Tamrun 96 and Southwest Runner had the lowest disease incidence. Cultivars responded with higher yields when sprayed with two and four applications of tebuconazole compared to the unsprayed plots. Peanut grade (SMK + SS) was not affected by tebuconazole. Georgia Runner and Tamrun 96 produced the highest grade while Southwest Runner was the lowest.

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