scholarly journals UNKNOWN SEAL OF EMPEROR JUSTIN I (518-527) FROM SERDICA

2021 ◽  
pp. 188-196
Author(s):  
Dochka Vladimirova-Aladzhova
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Clockwise Direction ◽  
Bottom Left ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gold Coins ◽  
The City

The paper examines a seal of Emperor Justin I (518-527). It has the following description: Obverse: Beardless bust with a nimbus of Emperor Justin I, opposite, with a helmet and chlamys. Around the image an inscription in clockwise direction: N IVSТI NVSPPAVG = D(ominus) n(oster Justinus p(er)petus Aug(ustus) Reverse: Victoria standing across with a wreath in each hand, in the bottom left field a small So far there is not known bulla of this ruler from Bulgaria and because of that some questions arise when identifying the specimen from Serdica. The inscription on the newly discovered seal showed that the bulla belonged to Justin, but it is not clear if it is Justin I (518-527) or Justin II (565-578). The image on the obverse differs from the known images of Justin I and Justin II. It is smaller and occupies part of the nucleus, while in the published so far the size of the bullotirium is larger than the nucleus itself. The inscription of the copy from Serdica is clearly legible, but the letters and the image are small, which distinguishes this seal from the known so far. The difference is obvious also in the reverse, in which Victoria does not follow the model of the image from the molybdenums of Justinian I and Justin II, but her image is close to that of the seals of Anastasius I, and even could be said that it completely copies it. The characteristics of the seal, its inscription and images are different from the ones of the copies of Justin II, which is a serious reason to attribute it to the time of Emperor Justin I, which makes it currently unique of this type. Other evidence of life in Serdica from the time of Emperor Justin I (518 - 527) are the coins discovered. In Serdica the most numerous are the coins of 40 nummi, followed by those of 20 nummi, which are almost two times less than the large denomination. The number of the specimens of 10 and 5 nummi is equal, but is less than the number of the large denominations. As mints, the coins from Constantinople predominated, followed by coins from Nicomedia, Antioch and Cyzicus. Among the regular coins were found two imitations of folles of Justin I, which imitate the production of the mint of Constantinople from this period. These coins, found together with the official ones used in the Byzantine state, show that they were accepted by the financial authorities as a regular payment tool. Two gold coins of Justin I are discovered in Serdica I - a solidus found at the eastern fortress wall and a tremis from the excavations at the northeastern tower. The new seal of Emperor Justin I presented in the article and the coins discovered by this ruler in Serdica show the significant role of the city during this period.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of the St. Petersburg agglomeration by the beginning of the XX century

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 05009
Author(s):  
Sergey Sementsov ◽  
Svetozar Zavarikhin ◽  
Yuryi Kurbatov ◽  
Yuryi Pukharenko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Communication Analysis ◽  
Garden Cities ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Environmental Transport ◽  
Spatially Extended ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The City

The study of the Russian historical St. Petersburg agglomeration at all stages from its foundation (from 1703) until the final imperial stage (1917) required the use of complex functional, urban-planning and landscape, socio-economic, environmental, transport and communication analysis on the basis of data from archives, historical cartography and iconography. The main results were the conclusions that during the XVIII - early XX centuries, there was a crystallization of a huge agglomeration around the city of St. Petersburg, which included three belts: “external”, “middle”, “nearby”, which spatially extended from Yaroslavl (in Central Russia) to Riga (in the Baltic). The paper discusses the features of the formation of the “nearby belt” of agglomeration in the initial (1703 - January 1725) and in the final (1901-1916) development periods. The study revealed a significant role of special types of objects in these processes - estates of the aristocratic society and “garden cities” that provided a belt (around St. Petersburg and the largest settlements and complexes), linear (along radial and ring highways), and nodal (around individual large settlements) construction, spreading in the latitudinal direction from Narva and Ivangorod to the mouth of the Syas river, and in the meridian direction - from Vyborg to the city of Luga. Within the boundaries of this agglomeration zone, four sub-agglomerations had begun to emerge since the 1710s and have fully formed by the 1910s. The materials of the paper can be useful both for historians of urban planning and for modern urbanists.

scholarly journals The Strategic Dimension of the Straits Area According to the New National Metropolitan Spatial Planning and to the European Space: Strategic Corridor Platform Project

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Moraci
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Strategic Vision ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City

For some time now, following the constitutional reform, the debate on the metropolitan city has been reignited. The topic has been at the centre of attention given that cohesion policies attribute to metropolitan cities a key role in planning and the constitutional reform seems to have given an answer to the spending review which wipes out the provinces and formally identifies the European Strategy under the form of a programmatic suitability of intermediate metropolitan level. This level should counterbalance the municipal egoism which provides a distorted interpretation of subsidiarity which has marked planning since the revising of Title V. Very few are acquainted with the implications and complexities of these entangled mechanisms which will fail if all conditions are not met whether they be effective, nominal or opportunity related. This explains why the term Metropolitan City is preferred to conurbation, agglomeration or metropolitan area. Metropolitan Area and City do not coincide the area is in a portion of territorial recognition which entails attractive and competitive factors, the city is identified as such only if within the territorial organization that explains why the creation of both must be ensured: the city must be promoted in terms of competition, with or without a demographic dimension, by fostering the shared political project and by creating relational and productive conditions to attract and offer services and what else is necessary. What makes the difference is how to build and what to build. The strategy and the role of the future Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria and Messina stem from two different regulations and from the attempt to integrate interregional functions through the project I put forward: the strategic corridor platform of the Straits area. The platform is a non-confined territorial dimension which encompasses the two metropolitan cities and shares relational functions and understandings with the vast territory. It fully exploits the possibilities and available reforms in order to organize and provide the territory with competitive and functional dimensions so as to compete in Europe and in the Mediterranean. The prototype-project, the first part of the study has already been published, fosters an idea of governance and urban system which will devise, through future cohesion policies and multidimensional strategies, a single strategic vision of the territory able to dialogue at a local and Euro-Mediterranean level with the new scale economies and meet the challenges of 2020-2050. Without going into detail, the project proposes and organizes the intangible functions of the Area (new assets and networking) so as to satisfy the demand for services and infrastructures physical and non-physical (functional and international indicator).

scholarly journals The Role of Professional Knowledge and Skills of Preschool Teachers in Building and Developing Partnerships with Parents / Uloga profesionalnih znanja i vještina odgojitelja u izgradnji i razvijanju partnerstva s roditeljima

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Mavračić Miković ◽  
Daria Tot
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Preschool Teacher ◽  
Collaborative Relationship ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City

Partnership is considered one among the most important factors in educationalwork. For its formation and improvements, appropriate competences are expected. Inthis research we seek to highlight the need to strengthen the professional knowledgeand skills of preschool teachers for building and developing partnerships with parentsseen as a higher form of collaboration. Therefore, the aim of this research was toexamine the perceptions and attitudes of parents and preschool teachers abouttheir mutual cooperation and partnership. The sample consists of 203 parentsand preschool teachers working in kindergartens in the City of Zagreb and ZagrebCounty. Hypotheses were set with regards to recognition or knowledge of cooperationand partnership concepts, the assessment of the role of preschool teachers as partnersby parents and preschool teachers in mutual cooperation and partnership, andthe assessment of the importance of cooperation through the participants’ ownresponsibility. Once the data was analysed, the obtained results showed that bothgroups of respondents did not consider the role of preschool teacher as partner asone that was the most important. Also, the results of the research have shown thatparents, but also preschool teachers, do not understand the difference between theconcepts cooperation and partnership. Although both parties have agreed on theimportance of a partnership or the collaborative relationship, there is also a smallnumber of participants who consider such a relationship irrelevant or less important.Keywords: cooperation; lifelong learning; parents; partnership; preschool teachers.-Partnerski odnos smatra se jednim od najvažnijih čimbenika odgojno-obrazovnogarada za čiju se izgradnju i unaprjeđenje očekuju odgovarajuće kompetencije. Uovom istraživanju želi se ukazati na potrebu osnaživanja profesionalnih znanjai vještina odgojitelja za izgradnju i razvijanje partnerstva s roditeljima kao višegoblika suradnje. Stoga je cilj istraživanja bio ispitati percepcije i stavove roditelja iodgojitelja o njihovoj međusobnoj suradnji i partnerskom odnosu. Uzorak čini 203roditelja i odgojitelja koji rade u vrtićima na području grada Zagreba i Zagrebačkežupanije. Postavljene su hipoteze koje se odnose na (pre)poznavanje pojmovasuradnje i partnerstva, procjenu uloge odgojitelja kao partnera od strane roditeljai odgojitelja u međusobnoj suradnji i partnerstvu te procjenu važnosti suradnjekroz vlastitu odgovornost sudionika. Rezultati dobiveni nakon analize podatakapokazuju da obje skupine ispitanika nisu ulogu odgojitelja kao partnera procijenilenajvažnijom. Također, rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da roditelji, ali i odgojitelji,ne shvaćaju razliku između pojmova suradnje i partnerstva. Iako su se obje stranesložile o važnosti partnerskoga/suradničkoga odnosa, postoji i manji broj onih kojismatraju takav odnos nevažnim ili manje važnim.Ključne riječi: odgojitelji; partnerstvo; roditelji; suradnja; trajno učenje.

scholarly journals The Role of Vegetation in Reducing Anthropogenic CO2 in Bogor City

Agromet ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ariesta Kusuma Wardhani ◽  
Bregas Budianto ◽  
Yon Sugiarto
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
One Way Anova

Vegetation has a role in reducing CO<sub>2</sub> from anthropogenic activities through photosynthesis. Fuel combustion is one of the activities that greatly contribute to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. As a city with many destinations, the possibility of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions will increase in Bogor especially on holidays because of motorized vehicle from other cities. This research aims to determine the absorption capability of vegetation in Bogor City in reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emitted from fuel combustion. We analyzed CO<sub>2</sub> data for 2017 by day to obtain traffic levels in the city assuming that people mobility using vehicle was influenced by day. Then we separated CO<sub>2</sub> data into slow and fast photosynthesis rate based on air temperature. We determined the absorption capability of vegetation at daily basis by calculating the difference between the min and the max of CO<sub>2 </sub>concentration divided by the min of CO<sub>2</sub>. Our results showed that the lowest CO<sub>2</sub> level was in Sunday. On that day, the average air temperatur was high indicating the less CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. Our one-way Anova test confirmed this finding. The finding revealed that the absorption capability of vegetation to reduce anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> was still limited. To implement Bogor as green city, more vegetations and gardens are needed to balance an increased CO<sub>2</sub>.

scholarly journals FAKTOR INFRASTRUKTUR DALAM PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI KOTA MATARAM

GANEC SWARA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
SANTIAN SANTIAN ◽  
PUTU KARISMAWAN ◽  
BAIQ SARIPTA W.M
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The City ◽  
Electricity Infrastructure

   This study is entitled "Infrastructure Factors in the Economic Development of the City of Mataram". The purpose of this study is to look at the role of road infrastructure, electricity infrastructure and education infrastructure, both partially and simultaneously in the economic development of the City of Mataram. Infrastructure indicators in this study include roads, electricity and education. Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) on the basis of being used as an economic indicator. Infrastructure data and GRDP analyzed cover the period 2001-2016.   The results of the analysis show that simultaneous road, electricity and education infrastructure play a significant role in the economic development of the city of Mataram. partially road infrastructure and electricity infrastructure play a significant role in the economic development of the City of Mataram. 

Campaign of Giants--The Battle for Petersburg

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wilson Greene ◽  
Gary W. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social History ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Drama ◽  
United States Colored Troops ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Volume History

Grinding, bloody, and ultimately decisive, the Petersburg Campaign was the Civil War's longest and among its most complex. Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee squared off for more than nine months in their struggle for Petersburg, the key to the Confederate capital at Richmond. Featuring some of the war's most notorious battles, the campaign played out against a backdrop of political drama and crucial fighting elsewhere, with massive costs for soldiers and civilians alike. After failing to bull his way into Petersburg, Grant concentrated on isolating the city from its communications with the rest of the surviving Confederacy, stretching Lee's defenses to the breaking point. When Lee's desperate breakout attempt failed in March 1865, Grant launched his final offensives that forced the Confederates to abandon the city on April 2, 1865. A week later, Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House. Here A. Wilson Greene opens his sweeping new three-volume history of the Petersburg Campaign, taking readers from Grant's crossing of the James in mid-June 1864 to the fateful Battle of the Crater on July 30. Full of fresh insights drawn from military, political, and social history, A Campaign of Giants is destined to be the definitive account of the campaign. With new perspectives on operational and tactical choices by commanders, the experiences of common soldiers and civilians, and the significant role of the United States Colored Troops in the fighting, this book offers essential reading for all those interested in the history of the Civil War.

scholarly journals Beyond the post-industrial city: Valuing and planning for industry in London

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (14) ◽  
pp. 3380-3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Ferm ◽  
Edward Jones
Keyword(s):  
Policy Framework ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City

This paper examines the challenges that planners face if industry is to survive and thrive in a growing ‘post-industrial’ city. It examines London, where the difference between the value of land for residential and industrial use, and the pressure to address the housing crisis, is leading to the rapid loss of industrial land and premises. The paper first explores the role of industry in a high-value city such as London, arguing that trends in manufacturing in advanced economies are increasing the benefit for firms of an urban location, whilst at the same time, cities continue to need industry if they are to be economically and socially resilient, sustainable and vibrant. The paper then explores current approaches to planning for industry in London, identifying impacts of a policy framework that anticipates and plans for its decline. Finally, it focuses on the question of how to plan for a productive and inclusive city: we explore the arguments in favour of integrating industry into the urban fabric as well as the benefits of separating land uses and retaining employment land designations, and reveal how urbanists are divided. We argue that if London is to continue to prosper, and meet the needs of all Londoners, then we need to strategically and proactively plan for industry in the city, to experiment with innovative ways of integrating it with other city uses, whilst protecting land for industry, where required. We put forward a critical research agenda to effectively meet this challenge in the future.

THE ROLE OF INTERNAL MARKETING IN ACHIEVING EMPLOYEE`S SATISFACTION - A FIELD STUDY ON A SAMPLE OF ALGERIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMERCIAL AGENCY EMPLOYEES IN THE CITY OF (LAGHOUAT) ALGERIA-

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-353
Author(s):  
Khedıdja GOURINE ◽  
Fatna GOURINE
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Internal Marketing ◽  
Marketing Concept ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Face ◽  
Internal Distribution ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The City

It has become imperative for enterprises that are active in the face of intense competition, to provide all the appropriate conditions in which they keep their employees, as they are a major source of success and superiority, so they must achieve their satisfaction. The most important marketing mechanisms on which the enterprise depends in achieving excellence are: "Internal Marketing", a modern marketing concept that cares about employees and focuses on ensuring their satisfaction, where they feel that they are an effective partner that does not spare him and contributes to the growth of the enterprise and its superiority, because the employee is an internal client and his satisfaction will inevitably achieve the satisfaction of the external client. Therefore, this research aims to identify its theoretical concepts, and the extent to which it is applied in practice through a study: the role of internal marketing in achieving the satisfaction of Algeria telecommunications commercial agency employees in the city of (Laghouat) Algeria. The study found a statistically significant role for the internal marketing of Algeria telecommunications commercial agency in Laghouat city in achieving the satisfaction of employees at the 5% level of significance, and the factor that has the biggest role is "internal distribution

scholarly journals The role of hotel architecture in shaping the city’s image

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Krystyna Strumiłło
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Urban Images ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Personal Feeling ◽  
The City

The elements of the environment are characterized by variability. The structure of the city is also a subject to constant structural, social and material transformations. Objects in the city can play significant role for urban landscape. In recent years, it can be observed that the architecture of hotels in cities is becoming more and more unique. After years of building similar hotel facilities, architects began to create more and more original forms that attract the attention of passers-by and are remembered. The importance of individual places in the hierarchy of these space is also changing. Hotels are elements thatbuild the image of cities, often becoming their visual dominant. This applies to creating a sculpture in a space that catch attention with its form and play of colors. The aim of the article is to show, on the example of selected projects, how hotel buildings can shape urban images. The research method is based on the analysis of selected objects and showing their role in shaping the image of the city. The concept of the hotel influences the building of identity. The form of the hotel, the functionality, the materials, and their combination, create the semantic experience for observer. The hotel becomes a ‘story’ narrative that gives visitors or pedestrians a personal feeling of reading architecture. According to Kevin Lynch (1960:8), the external image we perceive can be analyzed by combining three factors: identity, structure and meaning. Identity is identifying an object, distinguishing it from others, making it exclusive. Thus, fragments of space of greater importance are created in the city, which are shaped in terms of public utility. These areas, having greater value, are also of greater prestige for the city. They add as well the aesthetic energy to the city.

scholarly journals A.A. Shcherbatov's role in the activities of the Moscow city duma on urban development (1863–1869).

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Anastasiia A. Zuieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Central State ◽  
Docu Ments ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Urban Amenities ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City

Introduction. A number of works are devoted to the study of the activities of the Mos-cow City Duma in urban landscaping in 1863–1869, but the reforms are described de-scriptively and the role of the Moscow mayor in this process is not highlighted. In turn, it is precisely his interest in improving the life of the city that is reflected in the quantity and quality of the implemented reforms of the Duma. There is a need to outline the terms of reference of the mayor, which will contribute to the effective implementation of reforms. Hence the interest in this problem. Materials and methods. The study is based on a number of sources, including: a) documents of the Office of the Moscow City General Duma, stored in the Central State Archives of Moscow; b) published documents of participants in the events; c) the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Empire; d) press materials, including journalism on the development of urban amenities and reports on the work of the Duma. The problem under study was already in the field of view of researchers [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6;]. One of the main researchers of the Moscow city Duma (1863–1869) is L.F. Pisarkova. In the field of her interests was the issue of vowel elections, determining the powers of the elected Duma and the role of A.A. Shcherbatov in the process of implementing key reforms of local self-government in Moscow. Also noteworthy are the collective Works of Komissarova S.A., koshkidko V.G., Solovyov K.A., as well as Zhukova L.A. and Romanov A.A., which contain a description of the Duma's reforms to improve the city of Moscow. The research methodology consists of: methods of documentary analysis of docu-ments, which made it possible to compare different documents on a specific issue, compare the available data and establish the essence of the reforms being carried out; the historical and genetic method, on the basis of which it was possible to identify the cause-and-effect relationships of the phenomenon under study and to determine the role of the Moscow mayor in the ongoing reforms; historical-comparative method, which made it possible to determine the difference in the state of development of the city before and after the reforms. Research results. An analysis of sources and historiography on the issue under study allowed us to determine the role of the Moscow mayor in enhancing the reform activi-ties of the Moscow City Duma, as well as to highlight the features of the leader's political behavior that contributes to the successful implementation of reforms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document