STRUGGLE FOR UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AS A WAY OF SAVING NATIONAL IDENTITY IN 1919–1939 (ON THE EXAMPLE OF STANISLAVIV DISTRICT)

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
R. B. Puyda
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The State ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Cultural Life

Features of Ukrainian national-cultural life as a part of the Second Polish Republic (1919–1939) on the example of Stanislaviv district are considered in this article. The basic aspects of the state policy of the Polish authorities concerning national minorities, particularly, in education, are described. The main goal of this policy was assimilation of the local population through displacement of Ukrainian language from the most important sectors of public life.

scholarly journals The Role of Education in Socio-cultural Development of the Yakut Region in the Second Half of XIX – Early XX Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Agrafena Innokentyevna Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Long Time ◽  
State Educational

Based on archival documents and previously pub-lished materials, an attempt is made to show the role of the pre-revolutionary education system in the socio-cultural development of the Yakut region. Si-beria was a place of exile for a long time and the state was in no hurry to develop education here. But the liberal reforms of 1860–1870 created the prereq-uisites for the development of the education system. The paper shows the formation and development of educational institutions in the region, provides in-formation on the number of schools and the number of students. The role of political exiles in raising the general cultural level of the local population is also revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that in the Yakut region, thanks to the state educational policy on education of foreign suburbs and public initiative, primary and then secondary educational institutions begin to open, which have had a signifi-cant impact on the socio-cultural life of the region.

scholarly journals Christianization and Execution of Orthodox Rites on the Eastern Outskirts of the Empire (the Second Half of the XVIII Century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Yurganova Inna I. ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Administrative Development ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
The Government ◽  
Administrative Units

The article deals with the process of Christianization and the issues of performing Orthodox rites on the Eastern outskirts of the Empire in the second half of the XVIII century, reconstructed on the basis of historical sources that were first introduced into scientific circulation. The working hypothesis of the research includes the thesis about the Christianization of Eastern Siberia as one of the means of state policy for the purpose of economic and administrative development of the region and ethno-cultural transfer, when the government created conditions for attracting non-believers to the state religion and offered an administrative and exacting regulatory framework in case of non-fulfillment of their Christian duties. The study suggests that in the second half of the XVIII century there was an increase in the Christianization of the peoples of Eastern Siberia and the establishment of separate administrative and ecclesiastical administrative units on the Eastern borders of the Empire indicate the continued integration of these territories into the state. The Christianization of local ethnic groups took place in accordance with the decrees and orders of the civil authorities, which explains its slow pace in the national suburbs. The non-violent method of attracting people to Orthodoxy, which is linked to the fiscal interests of the Russian administration and ensures the loyalty of the local population, has become an element of state policy. In addition, a system of benefits and gifts for the non-Russian population was used, creating favorable conditions for joining Orthodoxy, when the formality of baptism suited both the secular and Church authorities. The introduction of historical sources into scientific circulation provided opportunities to identify new facts about the history of Eastern Siberia’s Orthodoxy, namely, to establish the number of churches and the number of clergy of the Yakut order, the location of the customer, and to confirm the thesis of multiple baptisms in order to obtain tax benefits. Keyword: Christianization, Eastern Siberia, Irkutsk diocese, Orthodox rites in Siberia, benefits for neophytes, yasak, Ilimsky uyezd, Yakut prikaznaya izba

scholarly journals Interaction of institutions of power and education in North Ossetia in 1920-1930 s у.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Э.М. Рубаева
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
North Ossetia

В статье рассматриваются проблемы становления педагогического обра- зования в Северной Осетии в первые десятилетия советской власти. Государственная политика в сфере образования проводилась, исходя из экономических и идеологических задач нового политического режима. Политизация общественной жизни, борьба с инако- мыслием, всеобъемлющая идеологическая цензура, абсолютный контроль государства – эти и другие явления данного периода были характерны и для сферы высшего образо- вания. В статье впервые, на основе партийных документов, рассматриваются вопросы взаимодействия органов власти и образования. The article examines the problems of the formation of pedagogical education in North Ossetia in the fi rst decades of Soviet power. The state policy in the fi eld of education was carried out proceeding from the economic and ideological tasks of the new political regime. The politicization of public life, the fi ght against dissent, comprehensive ideological censorship, absolute control of the state: these and other phenomena of this period were characteristic of the sphere of higher education as well. The article, for the fi rst time, on the basis of party documents, examines the issues of interaction between the authorities and education.

scholarly journals NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE STATE POLICY: EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIA AND ESTONIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Alexey I. Mineev ◽  
Alexander Aidarov
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
State Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Language And Identity ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Cultural Autonomy ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Russian Language

Basing on the analysis of diverse sources and scientific literature the article examines the state policy of Estonia (former Republic of the USSR) in the field of preserving the culture of national minorities – Russia descents, as well as it determines the legislative norms for the support of national minorities in Russia and Estonia. Regulatory legal acts regulating the rights and activities of national minorities both in Russia and in other countries were studied for this purpose. Attempts to create a national cultural autonomy (NCA) in Estonia are described. The authors come to conclusions that the state policy of the former Republic of the USSR is aimed at preserving and developing languages, material and spiritual culture of the country’s multinational population. Schools, electives are opened, the Russian-language media and TV channels operate, and non-profit organizations function. If in 1989 there were 22 national culture associations registered in Estonia, in 2014 they numbered already more than 300. All this explains the fact that 86% of Russian speakers in Estonia do not see a threat to their language and identity.

National Minorities Under Communism: The Case of Czechoslovakia

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Kalvoda
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
The State ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
National State ◽  
National Minorities

After its establishment in 1918–1919, Czechoslovakia was a multinational state and some of its minorities protested against their being included into it. The nationality problem was related to the collapse of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1938 and the loss of some of its territories to Germany, Poland, and Hungary. It may be pointed out that the 1920 Constitution did not recognize a separate Slovak national identity and that the Czechs and Slovaks were termed “Czechoslovaks.” The post-Munich Second Republic recognized a separate Slovak nationality; however, the state came to its end in March 1939. In 1945, after its reestablishment as a national state of the Czechs and Slovaks, the country's government attempted to liquidate the national minorities' problem in a drastic manner by transfer (expulsion) of Germans and Hungarians.

The State Policy and The Identity of the National Minorities in Slovakia in 20th Century

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Martin Pekár
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Media ◽  
Language And Education

The State Policy and The Identity of the National Minorities in Slovakia in 20th Century Significant role in forming the identity of national and ethnic minorities is played by the living conditions provided by the country in which these minorities live. The following contribution outlines the possible ways of developing the ethnic national consciousness and identity on the territory of Slovakia during the 20th century from the perspective of the selected elements of the state policy. It focuses on national minorities in relation to such aspects of the state policy as the governmental structure of the country, legislative regulation of the minority rights, institutional protection of minorities, language and education policy and the status of minorities in the media. We can hardly speak about the continuity or the basic pattern of the state minority policy for the years 1918 - 1989. Throughout this period, basically incompatible political systems altered in Slovakia. Each of those systems tried to solve the minority issue taking its own interests, needs, ideological concepts and respective circumstances of the period into consideration. However, no political system settled the minority issue in a way and under such conditions, so that it could become the basis for the minority policy of the present Slovak Republic.

scholarly journals Karakalpak bazaars in the XIX – early XX centuries: the peculiarities of functioning and its role in people’s life

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
Gul'naz Abdinaiimovna Akimniyazova
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trade Deals ◽  
The City ◽  
Everyday Communication

The object of this research is the Karakalpak bazaar, which as any oriental bazaar, was the center of public life of the city and its vicinity. The entire economic, social and cultural life of the local population developed around the bazaar. It was a place of attraction for all trade deals, latest news, and everyday communication. The Karakalpak bazaar was located in the central part of the city, which played a major role for the establishment and development of the city throughout history. Most bazaars of the Karakalpaks of that time were located along the streets, resembling the poles stretching from one wall to another and with reed roofing or covered with cloth to protect from the heat and rain. The bazaar consisted of the rows of street-stands depending on what they were selling. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this article is first within the Russian historiography to analyze history of the Karakalpak bazaars of the XIX – early XX centuries based on examination of archival sources and field materials acquired by the author. The city bazaars played an important role in domestic trade, in addition to selling goods, also included barter of agricultural commodities for industrial products. The bazaars of the period under revview were held twice a week, on specific days. Most profitable were considered Khodjeyli, Chimbay, Kungrad, and Turtkul bazaars, which served the population of the adjacent localities.

scholarly journals МЕСТО КОРЕННЫХ НАРОДОВ АРГЕНТИНЫ В ПРОЦЕССАХ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО И НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-195
Author(s):  
Anna D. Scherbakova
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
State Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Peripheral Position ◽  
Argentine Republic

The article analyses the stages of consolidating the peripheral position of indigenous peoples among the State priorities of the Argentine Republic, aimed at consolidating the state and creating a national identity. It was shown that during the colonial period their integration and assimilation into socio-economic and political processes were limited both by the communities themselves and by the colonial authorities. Since Argentina’s independence, the territories of the traditional residence of autochthonous groups became the object of state policy and are consistently excluded from the national political agenda. A wide arsenal of means is used – from equipping military expeditions to launching ideological and propaganda campaigns in the country and beyond.

scholarly journals Normative and Institutional Foundations of Modern State Policy Regarding Complainers Abroad

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Nikitina ◽  
Irina Tarbeeva ◽  
Elena Vasileva ◽  
Tatiana Zerchaninova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Institutional Foundations

Currently, about 30 million [8] compatriots live in the world who finds themselves outside of Russia. The collapse of the USSR and the formation new independent states saw millions of Russian people separated from Russia by borders, and faced discrimination on the basis of language, which caused an increase in the migration activity of the Russian population in the post-Soviet space. This situation requires a review of the principles and directions state authorities’ activity in the migration sphere and determination of the necessary regulatory legal framework for regulating the processes of the influx of migrants from the former Soviet republics to Russia. The purposes of the research are 1) to study the regulatory and institutional foundations of modern public policy in relation to compatriots abroad and 2) to identify its main directions. The main research method is the analysis of official documents, regulatory legal acts, reporting and analytical documents of authorities implementing the state policy regarding compatriots living abroad. The state policy of the Russian Federation regarding expatriate citizens is a system of legal, diplomatic, social, economic, and organizational measures aimed at supporting and protecting Russian compatriots, ensuring the exercise of their rights and legitimate interests, as well as creating conditions under which they could would live as equal citizens in foreign countries or return to the Russian Federation. The state policy of the Russian Federation regarding compatriots abroad is implemented in two opposite directions, which significantly reduces its effectiveness. The mechanisms for implementing this policy are various forms of horizontal and vertical cooperation and interaction in various fields such as humanitarian, social, educational, cultural, and economic. A significant number of policy implementation entities required the creation and use of modern mechanisms for coordinating their activities. The resources spent on the return of compatriots to their homeland are not able to compensate for the emigration outflow from Russia, however, mechanisms aimed at solving the latter problem are not provided. In fact, the local population is excluded from the scope of this policy, which entails a number of problems associated not only with the attitude of the host society towards the migrants, but also with the desire of a significant part of the youth to leave Russia. Keywords: state policy, compatriots, institutions

PRESERVATION OF THE BULGARIAN SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS THROUGH PATRIOTIC MESSAGES IN THE FIRST LITERATURE TEXTBOOK

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Penka Valcheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
State Policy ◽  
First Grade ◽  
The State ◽  
Spiritual Identity ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The World ◽  
Literature Textbooks ◽  
Ethnocultural Identity

The state policy towards the Bulgarians abroad is related to the preservation of the Bulgarian ethnocultural space abroad and the national, cultural and spiritual identity of all Bulgarian citizens around the world, by preserving the ethnocultural identity of the Bulgarians and the Bulgarian communities abroad. To achieve this goal, it is necessary, children that living abroad systematically get acquainted with literary works that help preserve the national identity, way of life and culture. This report examines the reception of literary works with patriotic messages in the first grade on the example of „Svetulka“ – a literature textbooks for descendants of Bessarabian Bulgarians living in Moldova.

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