scholarly journals Economic efficiency of using crop residue destructors when growing sunflower with different methods of soil tillage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Maliarchuk ◽  
◽  
E. Fedorchuk ◽  
Е. Lilevman
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Irrigated Lands

The article analyzes the influence of the processes of decomposition of winter wheat straw under the influence of destructors, which are embedded in the soil with implements with different designs of working organs, in the grain-crop rotation of the research field of the South Ukrainian Branch of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT on productive indicators of production activity, such as the yield of sunflower seeds, the production cost of the resulting products and the profitability of production. The goal of the research is forming and determination of the optimal economically effective system of technical and technological support of farms, when using winter wheat straw for fertilization with its preliminary processing with destructors, which helps to reduce the technogenic load, increase the productivity of the crop production industry and preserve soil fertility in crop rotations on the irrigated lands of south of Ukraine. Research methods – field, quantitative-weight, visual, laboratory and mathematical-statistical. In the crop rotation investigated five systems of basic tillage different in methods, techniques and depth of soil loosening on a background of straw treatment with destructors. Results: it has been established that when growing sunflower in the arid conditions of the southern part of the steppe zone of Ukraine on non-irrigated lands, it is advisable to use winter crop residues for fertilizing, treat it with destructors in combination with ammonium nitrate and plant it in the soil using deep plowing, which creates favorable conditions for its decomposition and formation of seed productivity at the level of 2.58 t/ha. Conclusions: it has been established that the economic effect of the use of destructors with plowing on the 30-32 cm and moldless loosening on the 40-42 cm is several times higher than the additional costs of introducing a destructor and ammonium nitrate. Plowless and shallow tillage and sowing in pre-uncultivated soil proved to be ineffective in an arid Southern climate on non-irrigated lands with a low moisture coefficient, even when treatment with destructors, as a result of which additional costs were received from UAH 0.16 for each hryvnia up to UAH 1.63 loss.

scholarly journals The choice of the terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing for winter bread wheat in the southern part of the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
A. A. Sukharev ◽  
G. M. Zelenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Control Variant

The current paper has presented the results of three years’ study (2012–2014) of the application of various terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing for the winter bread wheat variety “Stanichnaya”. There has been studied efficiency of various terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing with various forecrops. There has been identified an effect of these additional fertilizing on winter bread wheat productivity according to the forecrops. In the control variant, the productivity of the variety according to the forecrop depended greatly on the forecrops: 5.52 t/ha (weedfree fallow), 5.26 t/ha (peas), 4.29 t/ha (maize for grains) and 3.57 t/ha (winter wheat). There has been identified large productivity in the autumn ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method (in all variants of the forecrops), the productivity raised on 0.38–0.73 t/ha. The study has shown that the economic effect of the ammonium nitrate fertilizing in the autumn was also at maximum profitability, 76–154%, and the conditional net income was 10 675–22 955 rubles/ha. The efficiency of ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method in the spring on thawed/frozen soil was lower, the productivity increase ranged from 0.21 t/ha sown after peas to 0.65 t/ha sown after maize. Root additional fertilizing with a seeder gave a positive effect only when the variety was sown after for winter wheat and maize, in that case the productivity increase was 0.52 t/ha and 0.46 t/ha, respectively. The conditional net income in these variants exceeded the control variant on 1574–2123 rubles/ha. Carbamide (urea) additional fertilizing was only effective for the variety sown after maize, where the productivity increase was 0.40 t/ha, but profitability (100%) and conditional net income (16 593 rubles/ha) were lower than with ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method in the spring (112% and 18 080 rubles/ha respectively).

Influence of tillage methods on the water-physical conditions of chernozem typical and winter wheat yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
O.O. Diomkin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Protection Efficiency ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

The article presents the results of three-year studies to determine the effectiveness of local chisel, ultra-deep chisel, chisel conventional and disk tillage when growing winter wheat after fallow in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It has been established that changing the plowing of local or disking soil tillage leads to an increase in the density and hardness of the arable layer. Solid chisel tillage ensures the agrophysical state of the soil at the level of plowing. Chisel loosening improves the structure of the arable layer due to an increase in the number of water resistance aggregates by 2.5–3.4 % in comparison with plowing. The methods of soil tillage in fallow have little effect on the change in the moisture content of the arable and meter layers, which is facilitated by the accumulation and retention of moisture during the maintenance of fallow. Chisel tillage contributes to an increase in soil protection efficiency of the surface by 5–7 % in comparison with plowing due to the partial preservation of crop residues in the period after harvesting the predecessor to the beginning of summer, improvement of the structure of the upper layer and differentiated redistribution of the root system. The highest level of soil protection efficiency is provided by local chisel loosening. All non-moldboard tillage in fallow contributed to an increase in the yield of wheat grain in comparison with plowing, especially after solid loosening with a chisel plow at 33-35 cm, where an increase in yield was recorded by 0.36 t/ha (9 %). An increase in the level of profitability by 16–25 % makes it possible to recommend chisel local and solid loosening by 33–35 cm in a fallow when growing winter wheat in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Keywords: winter wheat, chisel loosening, local loosening, efficiency, density, hardness, water resistance, yield.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF PERENNIAL LEGUMES AS PRECURSORS OF WINTER WHEAT GROWN IN THE CONDITIONS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Serhii Razanov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Intensive Farming

The aim of the research was to study the effect of the inclusion of different types of perennial leguminous plants as winter wheat precursors in the crop rotation on the rate of accumulation of heavy metals in the soil compared to traditional winter wheat predecessors. The objectives of the research are to develop measures to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils under conditions of modern crop rotation, limited by the number of crops grown and winter wheat. The accumulations of heavy metals in soils were calculated during the cultivation of the main crops of crop rotation with intensive fertilizer. The concentration of heavy metals in the soil was determined before and after the cultivation of legume precursors. Field studies were carried out during 2013-2017. On gray podzolized medium loamy soils of the Agronomichesky Research Institute of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. We calculated the volumes of heavy metals with optimal rates of mineral fertilizer application for the most common types of crops grown in crop rotation. Four types of perennial grasses were sown: sowing alfalfa, meadow clover, horned lamb, sainfoin and eastern goatskin. After their four years of use, winter wheat was sown. The control was the predecessors in the following sequence: winter wheat - sunflower - winter wheat - corn. Laboratory studies of the content of mobile forms of heavy metals in soil were carried out in the Vinnytsia branch of the State Center for the Protection of Soil Fertility. Analysis of soil contamination with heavy metals during fertilization of major cereals showed that the amount of mineral fertilizers is from 257 kg/ha to 571 kg/ha for ammonium nitrate, from 175 to 225 kg/ha for double superphosphate and from 58 to 75 kg/ha on potassium chloride. According to the volume of mineral fertilizers used in the cultivation of winter wheat, 1944 mg / ha of lead and 339 mg / ha of cadmium enter the soil. Of these, with ammonium nitrate - 51.4% and 7.4%, respectively, with double superphosphate - 39.6% and 41.3% and with potassium chloride - 9.0% and 51.3%. When growing corn per 1 ha with mineral fertilizers, 2357 mg of lead and 434 mg of cadmium are applied, of which with ammonium nitrate - 48.4% and 6.7%, respectively, with double superphosphate - 42% and 41% and with potassium chloride. - 9.6% and 51.8%. Cultivation of spring barley leads to the receipt of mineral fertilizers to soils 1458 mg/ha of lead and 327 mg/ha of cadmium, of which with ammonium nitrate - respectively 35.2% and 4.0%, with double superphosphate - 52.8% and 42.8% and with potassium chloride - 12.0% and 53.2%. Mineral fertilization of winter rape leads to the entry into the soil per 1 ha of 2223 mg of lead and 390 mg of cadmium, of which with ammonium nitrate - respectively 51.4% and 7.4%, with double superphosphate - 39.6% and 41% and with potassium chloride - 9.0% and 51.5%. With mineral fertilizers for growing sunflower in the soil per 1 ha gets 2073 mg of lead and 427 mg of cadmium, of which with ammonium nitrate - respectively 41.4% and 5.2%, double superphosphate - 47.8% and 42.2 % and potassium chloride - 10.8% and 52.6%. The positive effect of growing leguminous perennial herbs on the decrease in the concentration of heavy metals in the soil and grain of winter wheat has been established. Under the conditions of intensive farming by Vinnitskaya, lead and cadmium fall into the soil for the use of mineral fertilizers in accordance with 1944 mg/ha and 339 mg/ha for growing winter wheat, 2357 mg/ha and 434 mg/ha for growing corn, 1458 mg/ha and 327 mg/ha when growing spring barley, 2223 mg/ha and 390 mg/ha when growing sunflower. The four-year cultivation of perennial leguminous grasses under intensive farming reduced the concentration of lead in the soil from 1.33 to 3.2 times and cadmium from 37 to 54 times compared with cereal crops, which contributed to improving the quality of winter wheat grain by reducing the concentration of lead from 1 7 to 2.4 times and cadmium from 1.4 times to 2.1 times. Key words: legumes, precursors, winter wheat, heavy metals, pollution.

scholarly journals The effects of soil tillage and crop rotation on the development of winter wheat leaf diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruta Bankina ◽  
Antons Ruža ◽  
Līga Paura ◽  
Ilze Priekule
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Wheat Leaf

scholarly journals The Effect of Various Tillage Systems on Productivity of Narrow-Leaved Lupin-Winter Wheat-Winter Triticale-Winter Barley Rotation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Panasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Faligowska ◽  
Grażyna Szymańska ◽  
Jerzy Szukała ◽  
Karolina Ratajczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Winter Triticale

Legumes are increasingly important crops in most European Union (EU) countries because of the growing demand for feed protein, and also because they have been shown to improve the characteristics of soil. The main part of the crop rotation is taken up by cereals, but they are connected with undesirable side effects, such as the unilateral utilization of ingredients and the heightened risk of plant diseases, e.g., Fusarium. Simplification of farming methods has become increasingly popular as growers search for cheaper production technologies. However, the effects of long-term simplification in tillage practices on the production and economics of narrow-leafed lupine (NL) cultivation have not been studied. In 2012–2016, we carried out a field experiment in Poland with a one-factorial design with four replications. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the productivity effect of conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT) on NL-winter wheat (WW)-winter triticale (WT)-winter barley (WB), rotation. Our results show that the productivity of this crop rotation was lower under RT and NT systems than under CT. From a practical point of view, the reduction of cultivation in rotation with 75% of cereals caused a decrease in yield in all species, which can result in resign of using the RT and NT in conditions of Albic Luvisols soil, as classified according to the World Reference Base (WRB). The highest incomes were found when the CT system was used with NL. Although income losses exceeded the value of savings in both minimalized soil tillage systems (RT and NT), all tillage systems of NL were profitable.

Winter wheat straw management on subsequent processing tomato yield, quality, economics and nitrogen dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Van Eerd ◽  
Steven A. Loewen ◽  
Richard J. Vyn
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Yield Quality

Van Eerd, L. L., Loewen, S. A. and Vyn, R. J. 2015. Winter wheat straw management on subsequent processing tomato yield, quality, economics and nitrogen dynamics. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 273–283. The removal of crop residues to meet the anticipated demand for the bioeconomy sector may impact subsequent crop productivity. A field experiment was designed to evaluate the response of processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw management practices of: (1) retaining straw, (2) removing straw, or (3) retaining straw with a fall application of calcium ammonium nitrate at 34 kg N ha−1 to enhance straw decomposition. At two locations in 2006–2009, a split-plot design within a randomized complete block experiment, with wheat straw management as main-plot factor and nitrogen fertilizer (0 and 145 or 224 kg N ha−1) to the tomato crop as split-plot factor. At Ridgetown, marketable and total yield and profit margins were significantly higher with straw retained compared with straw removed treatments (total yield of 74.4 vs. 66.3 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively) but the straw retained plus fall N treatment (total yield 72.8 Mg ha−1 yr−1) was not different. However, at Leamington, straw management had no effect on yield or profit margins likely due to the rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop used in the production system. At both locations, tomato quality (color, pH, soluble solids) was not influenced by straw or N management. Nitrogen fertilizer application to tomato had a significant effect on total processing yield, soil mineral N, and plant N, but wheat straw management had no effect on these parameters and there were no N fertilizer by straw management interactions. Winter wheat straw management did not impact soil N fertility for subsequent crop production. Thus, there may be significant undesired effects of removing crop residues on a subsequent crop yield; however, planting a cover crop may mitigate subsequent yield losses associated with biomass removal.

scholarly journals Impact of Crop Rotation and Soil Tillage on the Severity of Winter Wheat Leaf Blotches

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (340) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Biruta Bankina ◽  
Gunita Bimšteine ◽  
Irina Arhipova ◽  
Jānis Kaņeps ◽  
Madara Darguža
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Reduced tillage is considered as one of the main tools to save biological diversity; however, it increases pressure of diseases, including wheat leaf blotches. The aim of present study was to clarify the impact of reduced soil tillage on the development of winter wheat leaf blotches in different schemes of crop rotation. The impact of different growing technologies on the severity of winter wheat disease was evaluated in a two-factorial experiment: A – soil tillage system, and B – different combinations of wheat pre-pre-crop and pre-crop (wheat, oilseed rape, barley and faba beans). Diseases were assessed every 10 days approximately and total impact of diseases was evaluated by calculating AUDPC (Area under Diseases Progress Curve). Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis was dominated disease over the long period, regardless of meteorological conditions. Development of Septoria leaf blotch was not influenced by neither crop rotation nor soil tillage. The level of tan spot was essentially higher after wheat, regardless of the pre-pre-crop. Reduced soil tillage promoted severity of tan spot. Ploughing mitigated effect of previous crops and differences in tan spot level were insignificant. Despite many positive effects of conservation tillage, increasing of fungicide treatment could be necessary, in conditions, when the tan spot is most devastating and widespread wheat disease.

EFFICIENCY OF BIOMODIFIED MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN THE CULTIVATION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS ON THE CHERNOZEM REGIONS OF THE VOLGA FOREST-STEPPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
А. Kh. Kulikova ◽  
◽  
G. V. Saidyasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Pure Steam

Research on the effectiveness biomodified mineral fertilizers were carried out on the basis of Ulyanovsk SRIA – SamSC RAS branch during the rotation grain fallow five fields crop rotation: pure steam – winter wheat – spring wheat – barley – oats in 2013-2018. The field experiment scheme included options (except control): with the introduction of biologics BisolbiFit (introduction with seeds that were treated before sowing), azofoski N15P15K15, in pure form, modified with biopreparation azofoski in the same dose N15P15K15, half a dose of modified azofoski (N7, 5 P7, 5 K7, 5). The effectiveness of fertilizers and biopreparations in crop cultivation was studied on three backgrounds: natural (control), ammonium nitrate at a dose of 40 kg ai/ha (NH4NO3), and modified ammonium nitrate at a dose of 20 kg DW/ha. It was established that modification of azofoski with Bisolbifit biopreparation can significantly increase the coefficients of use of elements from it by plants. The latter allows to reduce the dose of fertilizer, without reducing the productivity of cultivated crops, twice. Long-term cultivation of crops using only mineral fertilizers and biological products led to a relative decrease in the humus content in the soil and its acidification. For 6 years, the content of humus in the arable layer of leached chernozem decreased by 0.12 %, and the acidity of the soil solution increased by 0.5 pHKCI units. In the conditions of the Volga forest-steppe, when cultivated on chernozems, the highest-yielding winter wheat is (up to 4.00 t / ha or more, in our experiments 3.88-4.80 t / ha). The average yield of spring wheat was 2.68-3.31 t / ha, spring barley 2.67-3.21 t / ha, oats 2.15-2.71 t / ha. The highest productivity of crop rotation was observed against a background with modified ammonium nitrate at a dose of 20 kg ai/ha (½NH4NO3) when applying modified azofoski (N15P15K15). Grain harvest for 2013-2018 in this variant was 13.36 t / ha, exceeding the control variant on this background by 1.31 t / ha.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document