scholarly journals Inhalation of Sodium Pyruvate to Reduce the Symptoms and Severity of Respiratory Diseases Including COVID-19, Long COVID, and Pulmonary Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Sodium Pyruvate

Dietary melatonin attenuates chromium-induced lung injury via activating the Sirt1/Pgc-1α/Nrf2 pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 5555-5565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Han ◽  
Siyu Li ◽  
Yueying Lv ◽  
Daqian Yang ◽  
Jiayi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Nrf2 Pathway

Exposure to chromium (Cr) causes a number of respiratory diseases, including lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis.

scholarly journals Differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
E. I. Shmelev ◽  
A. E. Ergeshov ◽  
V. Ya. Gergert
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Antifibrotic Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Diffuse Lung

The review is devoted to the urgent problem of modern pulmonology: the differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ILF). ILF occupies a special place among many interstitial lung diseases for a number of reasons: 1) it is a deadly disease; 2) early diagnosis and adequate antifibrotic therapy significantly extend the life expectancy of patients; 3) anti-inflammatory drugs (corticosteroids) and cytostatics with ILF that are widely used in other forms of interstitial lung diseases are ineffective and accelerate the progression of the process; 4) the commonality of the main clinical signs (increasing respiratory failure) of various interstitial lung diseases. The list of respiratory diseases with which ILF should be differentiated is huge, and if with diffuse lung lesions of a known nature (disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, etc.) with a certain experience/qualification, the diagnosis is relatively simple, then the isolation of ILF from the group of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias always represents certain difficulties. The main methods used in the diagnosis of ILF are summarized taking into account current international and national recommendations.

scholarly journals Platelets: a potential role in chronic respiratory diseases?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (161) ◽  
pp. 210062
Author(s):  
Mohamad Chebbo ◽  
Catherine Duez ◽  
Marie C. Alessi ◽  
Pascal Chanez ◽  
Delphine Gras
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases

Platelets are small anucleate cells known for their role in haemostasis and thrombosis. In recent years, an increasing number of observations have suggested that platelets are also immune cells and key modulators of immunity. They express different receptors and molecules that allow them to respond to pathogens, and to interact with other immune cells. Platelets were linked to the pathogenesis of some inflammatory disorders including respiratory diseases such as asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we discuss the involvement of platelets in different immune responses, and we focus on their potential role in various chronic lung diseases.

scholarly journals LRRK2 plays essential roles in maintaining lung homeostasis and preventing the development of pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (35) ◽  
pp. e2106685118
Author(s):  
Yujie Tian ◽  
Jiaoyan Lv ◽  
Ziyan Su ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Xiaoguang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Deficient Mice

Perturbation of lung homeostasis is frequently associated with progressive and fatal respiratory diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is highly expressed in healthy lungs, but its functions in lung homeostasis and diseases remain elusive. Herein, we showed that LRRK2 expression was clearly reduced in mammalian fibrotic lungs, and LRRK2-deficient mice exhibited aggravated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that in bleomycin-treated mice, LRRK2 expression was dramatically decreased in alveolar type II epithelial (AT2) cells, and its deficiency resulted in profound dysfunction of AT2 cells, characterized by impaired autophagy and accelerated cellular senescence. Additionally, LRRK2-deficient AT2 cells showed a higher capacity of recruiting profibrotic macrophages via the CCL2/CCR2 signaling, leading to extensive macrophage-associated profibrotic responses and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that LRRK2 plays a crucial role in preventing AT2 cell dysfunction and orchestrating the innate immune responses to protect against pulmonary fibrosis.

scholarly journals An informative value of impulse oscillonetry for detecting restrictive abnormalities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
O. I. Savushkina ◽  
A. V. Chernyak ◽  
M. Yu. Kameneva ◽  
Е. V. Kryukov ◽  
A. A. Zaytsev
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Frequency Dependence ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Body Plethysmography ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Lung Diffusion ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to investigate a role of impulse oscillometry (IO) for diagnosis of restrictive abnormalities in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods. Seventy two patients with restrictive ventilatory disorders diagnosed with spirometry and body plethysmography were involved in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: the group 1 (n = 34) comprised IPF patients, the group 2 (n = 38) comprised patients with respiratory diseases without extended pulmonary fibrosis. Data of spirometry, body plethysmography, lung diffusion test, and IO were analyzed. Results. IO was the most informative method for diagnosis of restrictive abnormalities in IPF patients: abnormal values, predominantly deltaXrs5, were found in 68% of the patients. IO was less useful in patients with non-fibrotic respiratory diseases where abnormal basic IO values were found in 39% of the patients. Decreased Xrs5, increased fres, unchanged Rrs5 and Rrs20, and abnormal absolute frequency dependence of Rrs were found in IPF patients with restrictive abnormalities; these changes could be seen in any respiratory disease with TLC ≤ 69%pred. Moreover, abnormal relative frequency dependence of Rrs (D(Rrs5–Rrs20)/Rrs20%) was detected. Conclusion. IO could be used as additional method for detecting restrictive abnormalities in patients with significant fibrotic lesions of the lungs.

scholarly journals Macrophage Heterogeneity in Respiratory Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carian E. Boorsma ◽  
Christina Draijer ◽  
Barbro N. Melgert
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Tissue Responses ◽  
Macrophage Phenotypes

Macrophages are among the most abundant cells in the respiratory tract, and they can have strikingly different phenotypes within this environment. Our knowledge of the different phenotypes and their functions in the lung is sketchy at best, but they appear to be linked to the protection of gas exchange against microbial threats and excessive tissue responses. Phenotypical changes of macrophages within the lung are found in many respiratory diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis. This paper will give an overview of what macrophage phenotypes have been described, what their known functions are, what is known about their presence in the different obstructive and restrictive respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis), and how they are thought to contribute to the etiology and resolution of these diseases.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the occupational respiratory diseases in Bulgaria in the period 2009-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Tzacheva ◽  
M Tabanska-Petkova ◽  
K Lyubomirova
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Relative Share

Abstract Background The number of occupational respiratory diseases has declined in recent years in Bulgaria. This is the result of technological advance, mechanization and automation of the processes generating high levels of dust in the work environment; adequate ventilation; personal protective equipment and, last but not least, the training of workers on preventive approaches. Methods The aim of the study is to find out the trends of registered occupational respiratory diseases in Bulgaria in 2009-2016, according to official statistics. Analytical and statistical methods were used. Results In 2016, the number of occupational diseases (n = 33), registered in Bulgaria decreased by 71.55% compared to 2009 (n = 116). In 2009, the relative share of silicosis from respiratory occupational diseases was 47.54% (n = 29), while in 2016 it grew to 64.29% (n = 9). Its share is also increasing as part of all occupational diseases in Bulgaria from 25% in 2009 to 27,27% in 2016. The registered cases of chronic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis and pharyngitis for the whole period are only 2, of professional asthma - 3; of chronic bronchitis - 5, less than cases of asbestosis - 9. In 2009, there were five reported cases of talcosis and the total number of cases of siderosis was 23 for the period of eight years. There are 4 cases of other pneumoconiosis and 2 of pneumoconiosis associated with tuberculosis, as well as 10 cases of toxic pulmonary fibrosis during the whole period. Conclusions It is worth noting the small number of occupational respiratory diseases that could be caused by other factors not necessarily related to the work environment, such as chronic bronchitis and asthma, although they are significantly more frequent than those mandatory caused by occupational hazards such as silicosis, asbestosis and toxic pulmonary fibrosis. This means that a significant proportion of these cases are counted as common chronic non-communicable diseases with significant negative social consequences. Key messages The registered occupational respiratory diseases decrease, but the relative share of those with strictly professional etiology, such as silicosis, is growing. A significant proportion of occupational respiratory diseases are reported as chronic non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Roles of phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) in respiratory diseases

Cell Stress ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Valentina Sala ◽  
Angela Della Sala ◽  
Alessandra Ghigo ◽  
Emilio Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Low Levels

Phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) is expressed in all the cell types that are involved in airway inflammation and disease, including not only leukocytes, but also structural cells, where it is expressed at very low levels under physiological conditions, while is significantly upregulated after stress. In the airways, PI3Kγ behaves as a trigger or a controller, depending on the pathological context. In this review, the contribution of PI3Kγ in a plethora of respiratory diseases, spanning from acute lung injury, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, cystic fibrosis and response to both bacterial and viral pathogens, will be commented.

scholarly journals Clinical variability of respiratory pulmonary hypertension: implications for diagnosis and management

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Casali ◽  
Pierluigi Carratù ◽  
Matteo Sofia
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Clinical Classification ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) associated to chronic respiratory diseases is currently classified in the 3rd group, as a mild to moderate form of pre-capillary PH that progressively complicates the prognosis of associated pulmonary disease. In clinical practice, however, some unresolved issues in the respiratory PH should be considered: 1) the PH heterogeneity in some respiratory diseases, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), where the prevalence of unrecognized left heart disease, or chronic pulmonary thromboembolism may change the clinical classification; 2) the combining form of severe PH which often is not correlated to chronic ventilator impairment, while outcome is strictly related to pulmonary haemodynamics. The recognition of out of proportion respiratory PH in several chronic respiratory diseases which include COPD, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema, Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) may be important for a comprehensive clinical classification of severe respiratory PH, as well as, for the inclusion of these patients in randomized clinical trials on PH targeted therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document