scholarly journals A comparative anatomical and morphological study of vegetative organs of Iris sogdiana Bunge from natural populations of southeastern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Madina Ramazanova ◽  
◽  
Natalja Kurbatova ◽  
Nadezhda Gemejiyeva ◽  
Chinargul Aldassugyrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Growing Conditions

A comparative anatomical and morphological analysis of the vegetative organs of Iris sogdiana from various growing conditions has interest that allow to identify features and adaptive capabilities of the species. Microscopic studies of I. sogdiana vegetative organs from natural populations of southeastern Kazakhstan were carried out for the first time. A positive correlation between the growth habitat and morphometric parameters of the species has been shown. The structural features of vegetative organs were revealed and it's established that development of the tissues that covers the plant, ground and vascular in I. sogdiana is associated with a moisturizing gradient. Numerous stomata are characteristic for the leaf blade slightly submerged deep into the leaf; numerous intercellular spaces; airways in the leaf mesophyll; vascular bundles surrounded by sclerenchyma cells. The stem has a certain degree of ribbing a thickened surface of the outer cells of epidermis, a pronounced layer of pericycle sclerenchyma. The root has a one-two-layer ectoderm developed thickening of the radial membranes of the endoderm cells and a different number of vessels that depending on the growth location. The study results indicates that plants of 1 and 2 populations are characterized by more xerophytic features of the organization and for 3 population plants mesophytic features are inherent. The studied species is distinguished by averaged morphometric indicators of the structure and includes the mesoxerophytic organization of the anatomical structure. The morphological structure of I. sogdiana allows to conclude that a sufficient amount of moisture is necessary for a short period of vegetation and for development of the plant.

scholarly journals Anatomical and morphological study of vegetative organs of Fritillaria karelinii (Fisch. ex D. Don) Baker from natural populations of southeastern Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
A. Tursynbay ◽  
N. G. Gemejiyeva ◽  
N. V. Kurbatova ◽  
C. Z. Aldassugurova
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

The article shows results of anatomical and morphological studies of the vegetative organs of Fritillariakarelinii from various populations of southeastern Kazakhstan, in which differences were found in the rate of developmentof aerenchyma, a number of vascular bundles in leaves and stems. It has been established that moisture conditions of thehabitats of the species affect a number of layers and the ordering of parenchymal cells in the structure of the root and stem,as well as development of the cuticle on the leaf surface. The revealed anatomical and morphological features of the speciescan serve as diagnostic signs of plant materials.

On the diagnostics of Adonis L. species (Ranunculaceae) of the Russian flora

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Luferov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Alternative Sources

The article provides brief information about cardiotonic, sedative, cytostatic, diuretic, and antibacterial effects of biologically active compounds of Adonis L. (Ranunculaceae) species. Chemical studies allowed to identify the cardiac glycosides, or cardenolides: or cardenolides: adontoxin, adonitol, adonitoxigenin, acetyldigitoxin and others. In scientific medicine, it is currently allowed to use Adonis vernalis L. Other types of Adonis have a similar chemical composition and are offered as substitutes for this official species, for example, Adonis apennina L. Many Adonis species have limited natural resources, and in some regions are rare, requiring conservation of their natural populations. The search for alternative sources of medicinal plant raw materials, based on this, is relevant. The experimental part of our research was carried out using the morphological and geographical method with the involvement of information on ecology and phenology. For the first time summarizes the diagnostic features of Adonis flora of Russian flora. Previously unknown structural features (shape and size of anthers) were identified that characterize the subgenera Adonanthe and Adonis. Taxonomic study of the genus Adonis of the Russian flora allowed us to determine its species composition, clarify its systematic affiliation, and nomenclature synonyms. 9 species were identified. Of these, 6 are perennials belonging to the subgenus Adonanthe, section Consiligo, which includes 2 subsections: Amurenses (2 species) and Vernales, which is differentiated into 2 rows: Apenninae (2 species) and Vernales (2 species). Subgenus Adonis is represented by 2 sections: Adonis (1 species) and Lophocarpa with sections Aestivales (1 species) and Dentatae (1 species). For all the considered species and varieties, the main distribution areas are given. A key has been compiled to determine the wild Adonis species distributed in Russia.

scholarly journals Efficiency of using different types induction culture medium for hexaploid triticale anther cultivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
E. V. Lagunovskaya ◽  
O. I. Zaitseva ◽  
V. A. Lemesh
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Androgenesis In Vitro ◽  
The Republic

Aim. Triticale is one of the main grain crops of the Republic of Belarus. Further progress in the selection of this culture involves the accelerated creation of highly productive early ripening varieties resistant to abiotic and biotic factors. The method of induced androgenesis in vitro makes it possible to obtain stable homozygous lines in a short period of time and to eliminate the lengthy process of inbreeding used in classical breeding to fix the desired traits. Methods. The tissue and cell culture methods for plants was used in the study. Results. The influence of the induction medium composition on the efficiency of in vitro induced androgenesis in varieties and lines of hexaploid triticale is assessed. The influence of three types of induction culture medium, the type of phytohormones and the presence or absence of cefotaxime in the medium are analyzed. Results. It has been shown that using the C-17 culture medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l kinetin without adding cefotaxime is most effective for the anther triticale cultivation. Keywords: triticale, anther culture, induction nutrient medium, embryoids, calli, regenerant plants, cefotaxime.

scholarly journals Alive and kicking, or, living on borrowed time? – Microsatellite diversity in natural populations of the endangered Ulmus minor Mill. sensu latissimo from Croatia

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Zebec ◽  
Marilena Idžojtić ◽  
Zlatko Šatović ◽  
Igor Poljak ◽  
Zlatko Liber
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Bottleneck ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Ulmus Minor ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Microsatellite Diversity

AbstractThe main objective of this research was to assess the genetic diversity of 5 natural field elm populations in Croatia. The study results suggest that the observed populations are characterized by a satisfactory amount of heterozygosity, and that the impact of the Dutch elm disease on the amount of genetic diversity in the sampled populations is currently negligible. However, one population displayed a significant excess of heterozygosity, implying a genetic bottleneck. The existence of a very clear genetic differentiation between the continental and the Mediterranean populations of Ulmus minor in Croatia was noticed.

Electron microscopic studies on the structure of motile primordial germ cells of Xenopus laevis in vitro

Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
Janet Heasman ◽  
C. C. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Microscopic Studies

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) of Xenopus laevis have been isolated from early embryos and kept alive in vitro, in order to study the structural basis of their motility, using the transmission and scanning electron microscope. The culture conditions used mimicked as closely as possible the in vivo environment of migrating PGCs, in that isolated PGCs were seeded onto monolayers of amphibian mesentery cells. In these conditions we have demonstrated that: (a) No significant differences were found between the morphology of PGCs in vitro and in vivo. (b) Structural features involved in PGC movement in vitro include (i) the presence of a filamentous substructure, (ii) filopodial and blunt cell processes, (iii) cell surface specializations. These features are also characteristic of migratory PGCs studied in vivo. (c) PGCs in vitro have powers of invasion similar to those of migrating PGCs in vivo. They occasionally become completely surrounded by cells of the monolayer and, in this situation, bear striking resemblance to PGCs moving between mesentery cells to the site of the developing gonad in stage-44 tadpoles. We conclude that as far as it is possible to assess, the behaviour of isolated PGCs in these in vitro conditions mimics their activities in vivo. This allows us to study the ultrastructural basis of their migration.

scholarly journals Anatomical, morphological and phytochemical properties of Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb.: a case study of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1473-1482
Author(s):  
Elzira A. KYRBASSOVA ◽  
Akmaral A. SARTAYEVA ◽  
Elmira M. IMANOVA ◽  
Nurdana N. SALYBEKOVA ◽  
Gulraikhan E. ZHANTEYEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cultivation Practice ◽  
Active Substances

This article deals with the phytochemical, morphological and anatomical investigation of ethanol-based extracts derived from the leaves and stems of the Aegopodium alpestre. The vegetative organs of A. alpestre were conserved according to Strasburger-Fleµming method using a 1:1:1 mixture of alcohol-glycerin-water. A total of 1200 ethanol-based extracts (2 from leaves and 2 from stem tissues per plant) were prepared using the Soxhlet extractor. All extracts were used to identify organic and inorganic compounds in the leaves and stems of the studied plant. Contents of biologically active substances, microelements, vitamins and amino acids were determined. This article is the first paper to display very high concentration and diversity of vitamins (6 types), micronutrients (5 types), and aminoacids (13 types) in the leaves and steams of A. alpestre. Findings conclude that identification of biologically active substances in the above the ground vegetative organs of A. alpestre may be a common practice in the future. Considering the study results, A. alpestre may be used as a medicinal plant on a large scale. For this, the cultivation practice needs to be scaled up.

Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Sphmgamne and Sphingosine: Use of the Free Sphinganine-to-Sphingosine Ratio as a Biomarker for Consumption of Fumonisins

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald T Riley ◽  
Elaine Wang ◽  
Alfred H Merrill
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Serum Marker ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Sphingoid Bases ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Because the chemical structure of fumonisin B1 (FB1) has several structural features in common with the sphingoid bases, sphingosine and dihydro-sphingosine (sphinganine), we tested the hypothesis that the fumonisins might alter the normal cellular activity or the metabolism of endogenous free sphingoid bases. FB1 was found to be a potent inhibitor of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis in vitro, its primary target being sphinganine N-acyl-transferase. This inhibition resulted in a decrease in the biosynthesis of sphingosine and an accumulation of free sphinganine, an intermediate in the de novo biosynthetic pathway for complex sphin-golipids. These findings led to the hypothesis that consumption of feed containing fumo|nisins should cause an increase in the ratio of free sphinganine to free sphingosine in tissues and serum. Data consistent with this hypothesis have been obtained from horses and pigs that consumed feed containing fumonisin-contaminated corn screenings and from rats fed feed supplemented with fumonisin-containing fungal culture materials or pure FBi. Thus, the ratio of free sphinganine to free sphingosine shows promise as a tissue, urine, or serum marker for animals consuming feed containing fumonisins. The present paper provides a detailed description of the extraction of free sphingoid bases and the liquid chromatographic method we used for determining the relative amounts of free sphingosine and free sphinganine in serum, urine, and various tissues of animals. Study results are summarized, and the ratio of free sphinganine to free sphingosine is discussed as a presumptive test for identifying animals consuming fumonisin-contami-nated feed.

The Ecology of Northern Australian Dacinae (Diptera:Tephritidae) I. Host Phenology and Utilization of Opilia amentacea Roxb. (Opiliaceae) by Dacus (Bactrocera) opiliae Drew & Hardy, with notes on some other species.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
GP Fitt
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Oriental Fruit Fly ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Host Phenology ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Host Relations

A newly discovered species of tephritid, Dacus (Bactrocera) opiliae Drew & Hardy, is almost indistinguishable morphologically from the Oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis. and was originally believed to represent an invading population of that species. Breeding by D. opiliae is virtually restricted to the fruit of the native vine Opilia amentacea throughout coastal areas of the Northern Territory and the Kimberleys region of Western Australia. The phenology of the host and aspects of its utilization by D. opiliae are described. Fruit suitable for oviposition is available only for a short period each year from late November to early January. It is shown that D, opiliae is effectively univoltine. Although it was able to infest various cultivated fruits in the laboratory, no evidence of such infestations by natural populations of D. opiliae was recorded during this study and the species seem to present no threat to Australia's fruit-growing industries. Information on host relations of D. jarvisi (Tryon), D. aquilonis (May) and D. tenuifascia (May) is also presented.

scholarly journals Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr. in the Black Sea Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Sanem Bulam ◽  
Nebahat Şule Üstün ◽  
Aysun Pekşen
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Polyporus Squamosus

Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr., also named as Aladana, Peri Semeri, Pullu Mantar in varying by localities of Turkey, is an edible wild mushroom species widely existed in the mycobiota of the Black Sea Region. It has not been sold in the local markets. The public recognition of this mushroom may change locally in the Black Sea Region. It is widely consumed by the people in some parts of the region. It is usually appeared in the nature during May-September on the logs, dead and living trunks of the deciduous trees. Following the rainy period, it grows so fast and can produce a few kilograms fruit body within a short period. It is delicious and precious as much as meat for the nutritional value, especially during early growth stage. In this review, general knowledge on the morphological and ecological characteristics, nutritional value and medicinal properties of P. squamosus mushroom and some study results on the domestication of this mushroom have been presented in order to improve the public awareness and its consumption.

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