scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTITUTIONAL BASE OF WORLD CARGO TRANSPORTATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2(64)) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
D.V. Kartyshev
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Bill Of Lading ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
International Transport ◽  
The Status ◽  
International Conventions

The practice of international merchant shipping and the practice of international trade in goods are interrelated at different levels - from historical to the level of a separate treaty. Here, contracts for the purchase and sale of goods, transportation, insurance, financing, transport and warehouse documents of title are intertwined and interact. The necessary degree of awareness in these issues is an indispensable condition for both successful business activity and for solving the problems of unification of maritime and commercial law. The process of the unification of law began primarily in the field of international transport law. Universal international legal unification of material norms of contracts of sale of goods was held in 1980 in the form of the Vienna Convention. The creation of the Brussels Convention and the Hamburg Rules was preceded by the study of the commercial and economic aspects of the bill of lading in the trade turnover. For example, in 53 paragraphs of the report of the UNCTAD secretariat on a bill of lading, the following issues were covered in various ways: 1) the inversion of a bill of lading; 2) the effectiveness of its role in the sale of goods - in terms of transfer of ownership or risk of damage, as well as in operations related to shipping conditions (for example, FOB, CIF); 3) the role of the bill of lading in the sale of documents; 4) the role of the bill of lading in bank letters of credit; 5) the effectiveness of the bill of lading as a receipt for the goods; 6) the status of a bill of lading as a contract of carriage; 7) the status of a bill of lading as a document of title. In 1996, UNCTAD discussed the proposal to include in its work program a review of existing practices and legislation in the field of international maritime transport of goods with a view to identifying areas that require uniform rules, and with a view to achieving greater harmonization of laws . The proposal was accompanied by information that in existing national laws and international conventions there are significant gaps regarding the functioning of bills of lading and sea waybills, the connection of these transport documents with the rights and obligations of the seller and buyer of goods, the legal status of entities providing financing to one of the parties to the contract of carriage Cargo. In some states there is a regulatory framework for these issues, but it is not uniform. And in many states there is no regulatory framework in this sphere at all. This circumstance is an obstacle to the free movement of goods and increases the value of transactions. The widespread use of electronic means of communication in the transport of goods further exacerbates the consequences of the fragmentation and non-unification of various laws and leads to the need to develop uniform provisions on specific issues related to the use of the applied technologies.

scholarly journals The Legal status of international treaties in the Jordanian constitution and judiciary: مكانة المعاهدات الدولية في الدستور والقضاء الأردني

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 117-104
Author(s):  
Saddam Ibrahim Abdulkhaliq Abuazzam Saddam Ibrahim Abdulkhaliq Abuazzam
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
Executive Authority ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
International Conventions

This descriptive analytical legal study aimed to clarify the position of international treaties in the Jordanian constitution and judiciary by shedding light on the theoretical trends that determined the status of international treaties in comparative legislation, in addition to verifying the constitutionality of the Jordanian side's signature on some international treaties that occupied Jordanian public opinion. The study revealed that the difference of international law jurists in determining the legal status of international treaties in constitutions and positive laws resulted in three directions: the trend of the unity of the two laws, the trend of the Dual-law, and the trend of reconciling the two laws. The study also showed that the Jordanian constitution did not adopt an explicit provision for the legal status of treaties. International conventions, leaving room for jurisprudential and judicial jurisprudence that affirmed the supremacy of international treaties over domestic law. The study also found that the Jordanian legislator’s neglect of determining the legal status of treaties, and the double signature of them by the executive authority alone or in combination with the legislative authority in accordance with two conditions under Paragraph B of Article 33 of the Jordanian Constitution, has opened the door wide for controversy over any treaty to be signed by the Jordanian side, To demonstrate this, the study mentioned practical applications from international treaties signed by Jordan, namely: the Israeli Gas Supply Agreement, the Casino Agreement, and the CEDAW Agreement. In light of the results were reached, the study presented a set of recommendations that were such as issuing a law for international treaties to regulate international treaties in all the stages through which they pass, adding a constitutional text confirming the oversight role of the National Assembly over international treaties, provided that this constitutional text includes informing the National Assembly of any treaty or agreement that is concluded by Jordan.

THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Local Government ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
African Union ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Status ◽  
Administrative Units

The place and role of local government within the structure of government in Africa has attracted much public interest. Prior to and after independence, African countries used local government as the administrative units of central governments without their having any legal status, to the extent that local authorities were under the strict control of central governments. The autonomy of local government is pivotal in the democratisation of a country. The United Nations, European Union and African Union have adopted treaties to promote the recognition and protection of local government in the state parties’ constitutions. Accordingly, this article explains the status of local government in Africa and its impact on strengthening democracy in African states.

THE ISSUE OF MINORS’S GUARDIANSHIP SENTENCED TO IMPRISONMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Ирина Викторовна Евстафьева
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
The Given

В статье исследуются вопросы попечительства в отношении несовершеннолетних, отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы. Проблема, поднимаемая автором настоящей статьи, многогранна, касается различных аспектов отбывания наказания несовершеннолетними в воспитательных колониях и требует комплексного исследования, способного ответить на определенно значимый вопрос: является ли колония законным представителем находящихся в ней несовершеннолетних со всеми вытекающими из статуса законных представителей последствиями. При этом необходимо обращать внимание на специфику правового статуса лиц, отбывающих наказание в воспитательных колониях, которые, во-первых, являются несовершеннолетними, то есть не обладают дееспособностью в полном объеме и нуждаются в особой заботе, защите и представительстве, а во-вторых, осуждены за совершение тяжкого или особо тяжкого преступления, влекущего изоляцию от общества и определенные ограничения и лишения. Отечественное законодательство достаточно детально регламентирует особенности режима отбывания наказания в виде лишения свободы несовершеннолетними, не определяя при этом статуса воспитательных колоний, кем они являются: воспитателями, попечителями или исключительно учреждениями исполнения наказаний. Между тем правильное понимание значения и роли воспитательной колонии в жизни находящихся в ней несовершеннолетних преступников, по мнению автора, поможет избежать ряда проблем, объективно складывающихся в учреждениях подобного рода. С этой точки зрения предлагаемая тема представляет интерес не только для ученых-теоретиков, но и для практиков - сотрудников соответствующих учреждений. Особо следует подчеркнуть, что исследований по данной тематике в специальной литературе нет. Отдельные исследования, встречающиеся в современной литературе, касаются исключительно общего гражданско-правового статуса несовершеннолетних осужденных. Однако это обстоятельство может свидетельствовать только о новизне данной темы, но никак не об отсутствии самой проблемы. The article analyzes the issues of the status of educational colonies as guardians of minors serving a sentence of imprisonment. In fact, the problem raised by the author of this article is multifaceted, concerns various aspects of the serving of punishment by minors in educational colonies and requires a comprehensive study that can answer, it seems, a definitely significant question: whether the colony is the legal representative of the minors in it with all the consequences arising from the status of legal representatives in the form of duties and responsibilities. At the same time, it seems, it is necessary to pay attention to the specifics of the legal status of citizens serving sentences in educational colonies, who, firstly, are minors, i.e. do not have full legal capacity and need special care, protection and representation, and, secondly, are convicted of committing a serious or particularly serious crime, entailing isolation from society and certain restrictions and deprivation. Domestic legislation regulates in sufficient detail the peculiarities of the regime of serving sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty by minors, without determining the status of educational colonies. Who are they: educators, Trustees or only institutions of execution of punishments. Meanwhile, the correct understanding of the importance and role of the educational colony in the life of juvenile offenders in it, according to the author, will help to avoid a number of problems that objectively develop in institutions of this kind. From this point of view, the proposed topic is of interest not only for theoretical scientists, but for practitioners-employees of relevant institutions. It should be emphasized that there are no studies on this subject in the special literature. However, this circumstance can testify only about novelty of the given subject, but in any way about absence of the problem. It seems that the relevance and importance of a problem is not always measured by the number of studies devoted to it. Sometimes these its traits are manifest only under particularly careful consideration.

scholarly journals Legal Regulation of the Status of Subjects of Special Competence in Relation to Public Administration in the Sphere of Intellectual Property in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Yevhen Leheza ◽  
Yuriy Deliya ◽  
Eduard Ryzhkov ◽  
Serhii Albul ◽  
Oleksandr Shamara
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Special Competence

Relevant issues of the administrative and legal status of subjects of special competence in relation to public administration in the field of intellectual property are considered. Main  content. A circle of specified subjects in the system of subjects of public administration is determined. The role of subjects of special competence in the fulfilment of tasks of public administration in the sphere of intellectual property is identified. Classification of subjects of special competence regarding public administration in this field is presented. Features of the administrative or legal status of each group of subjects of special competence in relation to public administration in the field of intellectual property are analyzed. Specifics of the influence of these subjects on legal relations arising in the sphere of intellectual property are characterized. Materials and methods research based on the analysis of documentary sources. the  basis  is  the  dialectical  method  of  cognition  of  the  facts  of  social  reality,  on  which  the  formal legal and comparative legal approaches are largely based. Conclusions are drawn about the place of subjects of special competence in relation to public administration in the field of intellectual property among other subjects. Proposals on the necessity to improve current domestic legislation in the sphere of intellectual property are formulated.Keywords: Public administration; Intellectual property; Legal regulation; Relation; Sphere; Subjects of special competence Peraturan hukum status subjek kompetensi khusus dalam kaitannya dengan administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual di Ukraina  Abstrak.Masalah yang relevan dari status administrasi dan hukum mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus dalam kaitannya dengan administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual dipertimbangkan. Isi utama. Lingkaran mata pelajaran tertentu dalam sistem mata pelajaran administrasi publik ditentukan. Peran mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus dalam pemenuhan tugas administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual diidentifikasi. Klasifikasi mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus tentang administrasi publik di bidang ini disajikan. Fitur status administrasi atau hukum dari setiap kelompok mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus dalam kaitannya dengan administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual dianalisis. Spesifik pengaruh subjek ini pada hubungan hukum yang timbul di bidang kekayaan intelektual dicirikan. Bahan dan metode penelitian berdasarkan analisis sumber dokumenter. Basisnya adalah metode kognisi dialektis atas fakta-fakta realitas sosial, yang menjadi dasar sebagian besar pendekatan hukum formal dan hukum komparatif. Kesimpulan diambil tentang tempat mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus dalam kaitannya dengan administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual antara mata pelajaran lainnya. Proposal tentang perlunya meningkatkan undang-undang domestik saat ini di bidang kekayaan intelektual dirumuskan.Kata kunci: Administrasi publik, Kekayaan intelektual, Regulasi hukum, Hubungan, Lingkungan, Mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus Правовое регулирование статуса субъектов особой компетенции в отношении государственного управления в сфере интеллектуальной собственности в УкраинеАннотация Рассмотрены актуальные вопросы административно-правового статуса субъектов особой компетенции применительно к государственному управлению в сфере интеллектуальной собственности. Основное содержание. Определен круг указанных субъектов в системе субъектов государственного управления. Выявлена роль субъектов специальной компетенции в выполнении задач государственного управления в сфере интеллектуальной собственности. Представлена классификация предметов особой компетенции государственного управления в этой области. Анализируются особенности административно-правового статуса каждой группы субъектов особой компетенции применительно к государственному управлению в сфере интеллектуальной собственности. Охарактеризована специфика влияния этих субъектов на правоотношения, возникающие в сфере интеллектуальной собственности. Материалы и методы исследования на основе анализа документальных источников. в основе лежит диалектический метод познания фактов социальной действительности, на котором в значительной степени базируются формально-правовой и сравнительно-правовой подходы. Сделаны выводы о месте субъектов особой компетенции по отношению к государственному управлению в сфере интеллектуальной собственности среди других субъектов. Сформулированы предложения о необходимости совершенствования действующего украинского законодательства в области интеллектуальной собственности.Ключевые слова: Государственное управление, Интеллектуальная собственность, Правовое регулирование, Отношения, Сфера, Субъекты особой компетенции.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL CHARTER AND LINER SHIPPING

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Alla Palchenko ◽  
◽  
Elena Pishchanskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Bill Of Lading ◽  
Maritime Shipping ◽  
International Transport ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Conflict Of Law

Legal regulation of relations arising from the implementation of international transport has its own specifics. The most important conditions are defined in international agreements − conventions, which are the main source of regulation in this area of relations. The agreements contain mainly unified substantive legal norms necessary for the settlement of conflicts that most often arise in the regulation of issues in the field of international transport. It should be noted that international transport conventions also consist of conflict-of-law rules, which are invoked in the absence of unified substantive law. As a rule, conflict-of-law rules refer to national legislation, but sometimes also to the norms of international conventions. The norms of the conventions on international transportation are imperative for contracts of carriage, executed by a transport document − a bill of lading. As a rule, conflict-of-law rules refer to national legislation, but sometimes also to the norms of international conventions. The norms of the conventions on international transportation are imperative for contracts of carriage, executed by a transport document − a bill of lading. Relations in the field of maritime shipping in many cases remain subject to the provisions of domestic maritime law, which must be determined by conflict of laws rules. However, as there are again few generallyaccepted conflict-of-law rules established by international treaties, all relevant issues are resolved at the level of national case law, and it is also different. In connection with the development of the world economy and international economic relations, the question of the ability and degree of influence of maritime transport on them plays an important role. Maritime shipping is central to a single global transport system. Maritime transport is already in its format of activity is an international industry, and concerns the activities of the carrier for the movement of goods or passengers from the port of departure to the port of destination.Keywords: convention, bill of lading, charter, sea transportation, seaport

scholarly journals Some issues of legal regulation (of the legal status) control and accounting bodies of municipalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Oleg Kozhevnikov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation

Almost three decades have passed since the appearance of the Law of the Russian Federation from 06.07.1991 No. 1550-1 «On local self-government in the Russian Federation». Over the past historical stage, the regulatory framework of local self-government and its bodies has significantly transformed: this applies to the concept of local self-government, territorial and organizational foundations, and of course the legal status of individual local self-government bodies. This article provides a comparative legal analysis of certain provisions of Federal law No. 131-FZ of 06.102.2003 «On General principles of local self-government organization in the Russian Federation» and Federal law No. 6-FZ of 07.02.2011 «On General principles of organization and activity of control and accounting bodies of subjects of the Russian Federation and municipalities» in the part concerning control and accounting bodies of municipalities. Based on the results of this analysis, significant contradictions were identified in the basic Federal normative legal acts regulating the legal status of the control and accounting body of a municipality, which need to be corrected by the Federal legislator in order to increase the level of unity and consistency in the legal regulation of the status of one of the most important bodies in the system of local self-government-the control and accounting body of a municipality.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF DECISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION ON MASS MEDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
D. Sh. Pirbudagova ◽  
◽  
A.M. Omarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Media Society ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the legal positions of the constitutional control bodies regarding the legislative regulation of the status of mass media. The authors note that the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation has made decisions on the issues of financing, ownership and legal regulation of mass media, the relationship between the mass media, society and the state, the content of the constitutional prohibition of censorship and its correlation with restrictions on freedom of mass media, etc. Conclusions are drawn about the conceptual nature of the decisions of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation aimed at clarifying the constitutional and legal status of mass media and contributing to filling legal gaps in this area

scholarly journals The The Role of Public Order Regulations as Acts of Local Law in the Performance of Tasks in the Field of Public Security by Local Self-government in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-129
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Kostrubiec
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Local Law ◽  
Visegrad Group

The subject of the article are the issues concerning the enactment by local self-government bodies in Poland of a special category of acts of local law, i.e. public order regulations. Public order regulations belong to the sources of universally binding law in Poland. Not only government administration bodies, but also local self-government may adopt them. By means of public order regulations, such values as: life, health, property of citizens, environment, public order, peace and public security are protected. The status of public order regulations in the Polish legal order, which are bodies of local self-government units to protect the life or health of citizens and to ensure public order, peace and security, is not the subject to clear legislation or consent among scholars in the field and in relevant case-law. Therefore, the aim of the article is to determine the legal status of local law acts in the form of public order regulations in Poland and to define their role in the performance of tasks in the field of public security by local self-government. The author refers also to relevant legal solutions applicable in other member states of the Visegrad Group. The main thesis of the article is a statement that acts of local law in the form of public order regulations are a desirable manifestation of the law-making decentralisation of the state, which is necessary for the effective performance of tasks in the field of public security by local self-government bodies.

The global political economy of the addictive industries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Miller ◽  
Claire Harkins ◽  
Matthias Schlögl ◽  
Brendan Montague
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Opium Trade ◽  
Addictive Substance ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

The chapter examines the varying ways ‘addiction’ has been conceived and the impact of this on both corporate strategy and government policy. It examines the profit-oriented strategies of addiction related industries, the networks they construct to manage policy questions and the varying levels of governance at which corporations operate in the contemporary world. It is argued that the legal status of a particular addictive substance or behaviour has crucial though sometimes unrecognized effects on the ways in which it is traded and consumed. The chapter then includes case studies of the status of alcohol under prohibition and the Opium Wars before going on to examine the role of the US and UK governments in relation to the opium trade in contemporary Afghanistan. The chapter concludes by pointing to similar issues that are faced in policy terms in relation to both legal and illegal addictive substances and behaviours.

scholarly journals Peran Notaris Dalam Hal Perolehan Pengakuan Badan Hukum Perseroan Terbatas Melalui Sistem Administrasi Badan Hukum (SABH)

Acta Comitas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Istri Intan Argyanti Nariswari ◽  
Putu Tuni Cakabawa Landra
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Limited Company ◽  
The Status ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
The Republic

In the era of globalization, many entrepreneurs  developing their businesses by creating companies. But in the case, only Limited Liability companies can obtain a legal status. Limited Liability Company is regulated in UU Nomor 40 Tahun 2007. The issue that will be discussed is how the role of the notary public in obtaining the status of a legal entity PT which was approved by SABH and the problems that have been faced by a notary in terms of obtaining the status of the legal entity. This research used empirical research, by using fact approach and law approach. With that research method, it was found that the role of the notary in obtaining the status of a legal entity PT in SABH access is, the Notary log in or enters into the SABH system through a SABH account owned by a Notary; Access a copy of the limited company deed by entering the company data requested by the system to the SABH table; Entering the business fields that have been included in the current deed, the business fields must be the same and consistent with the 2017 Indonesian Business Field Standard Classification (KBLI), this is related to the next stage in the management of company business licenses; After everything is already inputted will publish  a Decree of the Minister of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia regarding the legalization of the of a Limited Liability Company.

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