scholarly journals Economic and energy evaluation of sainfoin growing technology elements for green feed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Demydas ◽  
◽  
E. S. Lyhosherst ◽  
I. V. Svystunova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
The Cost

One of the main directions of fodder production intensification is the cultivation of fodder crops and fodder harvesting from them at the lowest cost of energy and labor resources, the maximum yield of fodder products per unit area, and 1 UAH of production costs. To successfully perform this task, it is necessary, first of all, to increase the productivity of forage crops, the use of cost-effective and energy-saving technologies and increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. One of the most valuable perennial legumes is sainfoin, which is characterized by high fodder value, unpretentiousness to growing conditions and has great agronomic value. At the same time, the existing technologies for growing sainfoin for fodder purposes remain energy- and resource intensive. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of mineral fertilizers and seed inoculation on the economic and energy efficiency of the sainfoin growing technology on green fodder. Experimental studies were conducted during 2016-2018 on the research field of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology, located in the NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" on typical low-humus chernozem. Experimental research was conducted during 2016-2018 on the research field of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology, located in the NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". The scheme of the experiment included the following factors: factor A - varieties of sainfoin: Amethyst Donetskyi, Adam, Smaragd; factor B - fertilizer, inoculation: 1) without fertilizers, 2) N45R60K90 + seeds inoculation, 3) P60K90 + seeds inoculation. As nitrogen fertilizer was used ammonium nitrate 34%, phosphorus - simple superphosphate 19%, potassium - potassium salt 56%. Method of sowing - row, spring, coverless. Inoculation was performed by Rhizotorphin. Economic evaluation of the results of field experiments was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods developed by the Institute of Cereals NAAS, the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of Podillya NAAS, NSC "Institute of Agrarian Economics" and other research institutions. Calculations of energy efficiency of growing sainfoin for green fodder were calculated according to the "Methodology of bioenergy assessment of technologies for the production of livestock products and feed." According to the economic assessment, the calculations of monetary and material costs are performed taking into account the full mechanization of works. The costs for them are calculated according to the technological maps developed in the process of research. The cost of seeds, fertilizers and fuel was taken at wholesale prices as of January 1. 2019, 1 ton of fodder units of sainfoin was equated to the cost of 1 ton of feed grain. According to the results of research, it was found that when setting up an experiment with different varieties of sainfoin, both with the introduction of mineral fertilizers and without them, the costs were the same. Economic indicators differed significantly at the end of the growing season, as the productivity of different varieties of sainfoin differed significantly not only due to the biological characteristics of varieties, but also as a result of their different reactions to mineral fertilizers. According to the obtained results of the calculation, among the studied varieties of sainfoin the highest conditionally net profit (13354-16504 UAH/ha) and the level of profitability (129-176%), as well as the lowest cost of 1 ton of feed units (1431-1627 UAH per 1 ton) and crude protein (UAH 8393–7291 per 1 ton) were observed on crops of sainfoin Amethyst Donetskyi. In general, the most economically feasible in terms of profitability (176%) was the cultivation of this variety in the absence of fertilizer. The highest indicators of EEC (energy efficiency coefficient) (4.6-6.3) were observed for the cultivation of sainfoin variety Amethyst Donetskyi in the absence of mineral fertilizer or application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers only.

scholarly journals Influence of technological measures of growing on the root system development and symbiotic productivity of sainfoin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Demydas ◽  
◽  
I. Svystunova ◽  
E. Lyhosherst ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
System Development ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Root System Development

An important factor in the feed industry intensification is the cultivation of perennial legumes, including sainfoin. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of mineral fertilizers and seed inoculation on the formation of the root system and the symbiotic productivity of different varieties of sainfoin grown on green fodder. Experimental studies were conducted during 2016-2018 on the research field of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology Department, located at the NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" on typical low-humus chernozem. According to the results of the research, it was established that on average in three years the biggest root mass - at the level of 52.7 t/ha was formed by sainfoin variety Amethyst Donetskyi with providing complete mineral fertilizer in the dose N45P60K90 and presowing seeds inoculation by Rhizotorphin. In plants of the same variant, the most developed symbiotic apparatus was also noted - in the flowering phase, the total number of tubers was 126 units/plant, and their weight was 3.444 g/plant. As a result of a strong root system of plants formation and a well-developed symbiotic apparatus, the amount of biologically fixed nitrogen under crops of sainfoin of variety Amethyst Donetskyi reached 143 kg/ha.

Energy efficiency of multivariate cultivation techniques in pasture forage production

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
К.Н. Привалова ◽  
Р.Р. Каримов
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Machinery Construction ◽  
Natural Factors

Исследования по определению энергетической эффективности пастбищных систем со злаковыми и бобово-злаковыми травостоями проведены в Федеральном научном центре кормопроизводства и агроэкологии им. В. Р. Вильямса. В статье приведены результаты агроэнергетической оценки многовариантных пастбищных систем со злаковыми травостоями, созданными в 1946 году. Даны количественные показатели по сбору обменной энергии, совокупным затратам на её производство, окупаемости затрат в зависимости от системы ведения пастбищ. Изучена эффективность совокупных затрат в виде овеществлённого труда (на семена, удобрения, сельскохозяйственные машины, средства огораживания загонов и прочее) и живого труда (работы трактористов, пастухов и строителей и др.). Обоснована высокая агроэнергетическая эффективность изучаемых пастбищных систем благодаря мобилизации в продукционный процесс природных факторов, долевое участие которых в структуре производства обменной энергии составило 69–84%. Природные факторы, участвующие в продукционном процессе луговых агроэкосистем, характеризуются большим разнообразием. Это не только использование солнечной энергии и азотфиксация бобовыми травами, но и долголетие травостоев, самовозобновление фитоценозов, дерновообразовательный процесс (повышение плодородия почвы), получение дешёвого корма и улучшение здоровья животных при летнем выпасе. Роль возобновляемых природных факторов выявлена на основе балансового метода, принятого в экономике (по разнице сбора обменной энергии и антропогенных затрат). Благодаря ведущей роли природных факторов в структуре произведённой продукции агроэнергетический коэффициент окупаемости совокупных затрат антропогенной энергии (АК) за счёт сбора обменной энергии достигал 3–6 раз в среднем за 45 лет. Разработанные в результате долголетних исследований многовариантные энергосберегающие пастбищные системы обосновывают возможность рекомендовать их производству с учётом применения различного уровня энергозатрат. Ключевые слова: культурные пастбища, системы ведения, долголетние травостои, сбор обменной энергии, совокупные антропогенные затраты, окупаемость затрат. The investigation was conducted at the Federal Williams Research Center of Fodder Production and Agroecology and was aimed at testing energy efficiency of gramineous and legume-gramineous swards. This article presents the results obtained on pasture ecosystems with gramineous planted in 1946. Exchange energy yield, total production costs and economic effectiveness were analyzed. Total production costs comprised costs for seeds, fertilizers, machinery, construction materials, labor, etc. Introduction of natural factors into the production process resulted in higher energy efficiency. Their share amounted to 69–84% in the final exchange energy yield. There are a lot of natural factors that affect grass productivity such as solar energy, nitrogen-fixation, sward longevity and regeneration, soil fertility, low-cost feed production, and livestock health. The value of natural factors was determined according to the balance method (by the difference between exchange energy yield and anthropogenic costs). Since environmental factors had a leading role in the production process, the return rate raised by 3–6 times for 45 years due to exchange energy increase. Therefore, pasture ecosystems developed can be recommended for a large-scale forage production.

scholarly journals Demonstration and Assessment of Purification Cascades for the Separation and Valorization of Hemicellulose from Organosolv Beechwood Hydrolyzates

Membranes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Roy Nitzsche ◽  
Hendrik Etzold ◽  
Marlen Verges ◽  
Arne Gröngröft ◽  
Matthias Kraume
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Specific Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Value Added Products

Hemicellulose and its derivatives have a high potential to replace fossil-based materials in various high-value-added products. Within this study, two purification cascades for the separation and valorization of hemicellulose and its derived monomeric sugars from organosolv beechwood hydrolyzates (BWHs) were experimentally demonstrated and assessed. Purification cascade 1 included hydrothermal treatment for converting remaining hemicellulose oligomers to xylose and the purification of the xylose by nanofiltration. Purification cascade 2 included the removal of lignin by adsorption, followed by ultrafiltration for the separation and concentration of hemicellulose. Based on the findings of the experimental work, both cascades were simulated on an industrial scale using Aspen Plus®. In purification cascade 1, 63% of the oligomeric hemicellulose was hydrothermally converted to xylose and purified by nanofiltration to 7.8 t/h of a xylose solution with a concentration of 200 g/L. In purification cascade 2, 80% of the lignin was removed by adsorption, and 7.6 t/h of a purified hemicellulose solution with a concentration of 200 g/L was obtained using ultrafiltration. The energy efficiency of the cascades was 59% and 26%, respectively. Furthermore, the estimation of specific production costs showed that xylose can be recovered from BWH at the cost of 73.7 EUR/t and hemicellulose at 135.1 EUR/t.

scholarly journals Influence of elements of growing technology on the process of chlorophyles synthesis in feed beet leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
L. M. Burko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Fodder Beet

The results of research about the influence of fertilizing level and plant density on the chlorophyll content in fodder beet leaves are presented. The experimental part of the work was performed in the scientific laboratories of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology in the production unit of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". The territory of the research station is located in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and is a part of Bila Tserkva agro-soil district. The experimental plots were laid on typical low-humus chernozems, coarse-grained light loam in terms of mechanical composition, which are characterized by a high content of gross and mobile forms of nutrients. The climate of the region is characterized by unstable humidity and moderate temperatures. The average annual air temperature is 6-8 ° C. The annual amount of precipitation reaches 562 mm, during the growing season - 354-394 mm (63-70% of the annual norm), which fall unevenly throughout the year. Based on the studies, it was found that fertilizers application and plant density affect the synthesis of chlorophyll in the leaves of fodder beets. The absolute values of total chlorophyll content in the leaves of fodder beet hybrids were generally different. It was highest in the leaves of the hybrid Centaur Poly with an index in July - 1.25-1.56 mg on g, in August - 2.26-3.03, in September - 5.22-6.62 mg on g. Based on the conducted researches, the close correlation between the process of chlorophyll synthesis and the yield of the leaves has been established. A strong relationship between the traits was formed in all periods of the growing season. The even correlation coefficient was: in July - 0.805; August - 0.867; September - 0.858.

Soybean productivity depending on the cultivation technology on ordinary chernozem in the Central Ciscaucasia zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
V. K. Dridiger ◽  
R. G. Gadzhiumarov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Cost

The existing technology of soybean cultivation with mandatory tillage is quite expensive, when up to 30 % or more of the total costs are spent on preparing the soil for sowing, and most of them are spent on fuel and lubricants, which are becoming more expensive every year. The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of the technology recommended by scientific institutions and the technology of soybean cultivation without tillage with the introduction of various doses of mineral fertilizers on its yield and agrophysical properties of ordinary chernozem in the zone of unstable moisture in the Central Ciscaucasia. The influence of soybean cultivation technology without tillage, depending on the doses of mineral fertilizers, on its growth, development, yield and agrophysical, chemical and biological properties of ordinary chernozem has been studied, and an economic assessment of the studied agricultural practices has been given. Cultivation technologies and applied fertilizers did not significantly affect the quality of soybean seeds. The oil content in soybean seeds for both technologies and all doses of fertilizer application on average over the years of research was in the range of 19,8–20,3 %, protein for the same variants of the experiment contained 41,3–41,7 %, and all differences in these indicators were not statistically significant. When cultivating soybeans using No-till technology the cost of purchasing and applying a continuous herbicide increases by 1280 rubles/ha or by 49,4 % in relation to the recommended technology. However, the recommended technology significantly increases production costs for the purchase of fuel and lubricants – by 3,276 rubles/ha or 232,0 %, the wage fund by 824 rubles/ha or 93,4 %, depreciation and repair of equipment by 891 rubles/ha or 47,0 %. Thus, the biggest economic efficiency has been obtained when using the technology of soybean cultivation without tillage and without applying mineral fertilizers.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilizer on nutritional value of feed alfalfa-cereal grass mixtures in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
I. V. Svystunova ◽  
◽  
L. M. Burko ◽  
S. P. Poltoretskyi ◽  
T. I. Prorochenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Mineral Salts

One of the ways to reduce protein deficiency and produce complete feed is to grow alfalfa-cereal mixtures, which due to the optimal ratio of protein and carbohydrates, mineral salts and other valuable biologically active substances most fully meet the physiological needs of animals. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of mineral fertilizers on the nutritional value of alfalfa-cereal grass mixtures. Experimental studies were conducted during 2014-2016 on the research field of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology, which is located in the NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" on typical low-humus chernozem. According to the results of research, it was found that the inclusion of alfalfa in cereals increased the content of crude protein to a greater extent than the introduction of nitrogen in the dose N60 on the same cereal herbage at the same background P60K90. There are no natural differences in the accumulation of crude protein between alfalfa-cereal herbages with the participation of different cereal components on the same background. According to the results of research, the introduction of alfalfa into cereal herbage promotes the growth of protein and crude fat content in the feed and reduces the content of nitrogen-free extractive. Nitrogen fertilizers have the greatest effect on the chemical composition of grass feed on cereal grasslands - the application of N60 on the background of P60K90 in the dry weight of feed increases by 2.8% crude protein content and 26 g of feed unit digestible protein. Digestibility of dry matter of fodder of alfalfa and legume-cereal herbages, relative to pure cereal crops, increased by 2-5%. The composition of cereal components in legume-cereal mixtures and the fertilizer system did not significantly affect the digestibility of feed.

scholarly journals Bioenergetic assessment of sewage sludge application under Silphium perfoliatum L. on sod-podzolic soils of Precarpathians

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak ◽  
G. Hrytsuliak ◽  
G. Dzhus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Dry Biomass

Many countries around the world are paying close attention to the search and use of the alternative energy sources that could replace fossil hydrocarbons: oil and gas. The grown biomass of the green plants is considered as an alternative energy source for biofuel production. One of the energy crops, which is able to form high yields of the biomass and can be used as a source of the bio raw materials, is Silphium perfoliatum L. Studies have determined the bioenergetic efficiency of the growing sylphia perforated with the introduction of different rates of the sewage sludge on sod-podzolic soils of the Precarpathian region. A comparative analysis of the morphometric parameters of the plants of the Silphiumper foliatum L. was held and it showed the changes in height and diameter of the shoots, length and width of the leaves, there was determined its productivity and energy yield with the Silphiumper foliatum L. biomass and there was also held a statistical analysis of the experimental parameters. It is established that the addition of the fertilizer based on the sewage sludge and straw at a rate of 30–40 t/ha and mineral fertilizers N10-50P14-52K58-74 under the sylphiaperforated provides an increase in the crop productivity at the level of 20.5–22.4 t/ha, the highest gross energy yield 356–385 GJ/ha with biomass and the highest energy efficiency. The energy efficiency coefficient is 1.2–1.3, and its correlation dependence on the yield of the dry biomass and energy reserves in humus is close. On the basis of the field research the mathematical equation of the forecast of the bioenergy efficiency depending on the norms of these wage sludge addition is made, the coefficients of the energy efficiency on the basis of an output of the dry biomass and energy stocks in humus of sodpodzolic soil are defined.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the use of biostimulants of growth in the technology of growing spring wheat in the Northern Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
V.M. Yula ◽  
М.О. Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
The Cost ◽  
By Products

Research goal. Determination of the effectiveness of growth biostimulants in the technology of growing soft spring wheat in the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine to obtain high yield and grain quality. Methods. Field, laboratory research, mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. Under the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine the effect of the complex application of elements of adaptive technology of cultivation, in particular, mineral fertilizers, protection system and biostimulants of plant growth on the productivity of soft spring wheat variety Nedra was established.The cultivation technology, which provided for the application of N45P90K90 before sowing and by N45 during IV and VIII stages of organogenesis against the background of ensiling the by-products of predecessor and integrated crop protection in combination with the use of biostimulants in the average years of research, received the highest yield of spring wheat - 4.08 t/ha. Yield increase with this technology compared to the control was 2.03 t/ha. Crude protein content under these growing conditions was 16.3 %, crude gluten – 32.8 %, which corresponds to the 1st class of grain quality according to DSTU 3768: 2019. At low production costs for purchase and application of biostimulants of growth (only 200 UAH/ha) the economic effect of their use varied from 0,85 to 1,6 thousand UAH/ha in different fertilization technologies of growing soft spring wheat of Nedra variety. The cost of 1 ton of grain was reduced by 0,20–0,57 thousand UAH. Conclusions. The average yield increase of spring wheat from biostimulants application was 0.2–0.35 t/ha depending on fertilization level in growing technology. иThe use of biostimulants in combination with mineral fertilizers, to a greater extent, influenced the increase in the weight of 1000 grains. At technology, which provided the introduction of mineral fertilizer in a dose of N45P90K90 before sowing and by N45 on IV and VIII stages of organogenesis on the background of encroaching by-products predecessor and integrated system of protection received the highest economic effect of biostimulants application – 1.6 thousand UAH/ha, for reducing the cost of producing 1 ton of grain at 0.33 thousand UAH.

scholarly journals Is organic fertilizer application a viable alternative to synthetic fertilizer for Piatã grass?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-306
Author(s):  
Sírio Douglas Da Silva Do Reis ◽  
Marco Antonio Previdelli Orrico Junior ◽  
Michely Tomazi ◽  
Stéfane Souza Cunha ◽  
Ana Carolina Amorim Orrico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
And Control ◽  
Organic Compost

Organic fertilizer in many cases can replace mineral fertilizers and in consequence reduce production costs and improve soil quality. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate productive, morphogenic and structural characteristics of Piatã grass (Urochloa brizantha) fertilized with urea, organic compost and biofertilizer throughout a year. The trial design was a block split-plot in time (seasons) design with 4 treatments (fertilizing with urea, organic compost, biofertilizer and Control) and 6 repetitions. The evaluated parameters were: dry matter production (DMP), leaf elongation rate (LER), leaf appearance rate (LAR), phyllochron (PHYL), leaf lifespan (LLS), pseudostem elongation rate (SER), final leaf length (FLL), number of live leaves (NLL) and number of tillers (NT). The highest LAR values were observed during summer and spring for the treatment with urea, which also produced the highest LER values. No difference was found in SER among the fertilizer treatments but all fertilized treatments were superior to Control. NT and DMP values were highest (P<0.05) in the treatment with urea, followed by biofertilizer, organic compost and Control. In conclusion, while the use of urea provided greatest forage production, applying biofertilizer gave superior yields to organic compost. Other benefits of organic fertilizers should be assessed as well as combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers.

scholarly journals Economic of the irrigated production of forage millet

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Rogério Ricalde Torres ◽  
Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽  
Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽  
Luis Humberto Bahú Ben ◽  
Wellington Mezzomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Financial Viability ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Total Average Cost ◽  
Total Average

Irrigation is an agricultural technique that increases crop yield and reduces periods of forage shortage. However, this technique increases production costs, and the process is economically viable only when costs are lower than the financial return. Determining the technical and financial viability of irrigation is essential to assess the feasibility of forage production systems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the technical and financial viability of irrigated producing of forage millet in different growing seasons in two microregions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The water requirements of the growing seasons of 2012 to 2017 in the microregions of Santiago and Santa Maria varied and affected the cost of irrigation. The irrigated production of forage millet increased the total average cost by 13.42% and increased the financial return by 43.03% and 22.49% in Santiago and Santa Maria, respectively.

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