Soybean productivity depending on the cultivation technology on ordinary chernozem in the Central Ciscaucasia zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
V. K. Dridiger ◽  
R. G. Gadzhiumarov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Cost

The existing technology of soybean cultivation with mandatory tillage is quite expensive, when up to 30 % or more of the total costs are spent on preparing the soil for sowing, and most of them are spent on fuel and lubricants, which are becoming more expensive every year. The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of the technology recommended by scientific institutions and the technology of soybean cultivation without tillage with the introduction of various doses of mineral fertilizers on its yield and agrophysical properties of ordinary chernozem in the zone of unstable moisture in the Central Ciscaucasia. The influence of soybean cultivation technology without tillage, depending on the doses of mineral fertilizers, on its growth, development, yield and agrophysical, chemical and biological properties of ordinary chernozem has been studied, and an economic assessment of the studied agricultural practices has been given. Cultivation technologies and applied fertilizers did not significantly affect the quality of soybean seeds. The oil content in soybean seeds for both technologies and all doses of fertilizer application on average over the years of research was in the range of 19,8–20,3 %, protein for the same variants of the experiment contained 41,3–41,7 %, and all differences in these indicators were not statistically significant. When cultivating soybeans using No-till technology the cost of purchasing and applying a continuous herbicide increases by 1280 rubles/ha or by 49,4 % in relation to the recommended technology. However, the recommended technology significantly increases production costs for the purchase of fuel and lubricants – by 3,276 rubles/ha or 232,0 %, the wage fund by 824 rubles/ha or 93,4 %, depreciation and repair of equipment by 891 rubles/ha or 47,0 %. Thus, the biggest economic efficiency has been obtained when using the technology of soybean cultivation without tillage and without applying mineral fertilizers.

scholarly journals Biological properties of ordinary сhernozem and productivity of oilseed flax when applying the preparation «Agrobions» and mineral fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
A.T. Khusainov ◽  
◽  
G.T. Kyzdarbekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
State University ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Flax Seeds

Among the main processes of soil degradation is the depletion of organic carbon in the soil. Increasing soil fertility can reduce the risks of soil degradation and improve the environment. This article presents the results of a study of the biological properties of ordinary Chernozem and the yield of oilseed flax when applying the preparation «Agrobions» and mineral fertilizers. Field experiments were conducted on the experimental field Of the training and research and production center «Elite» of the Kokshetau state University named after sh.Ualikhanov. The microbiological activity of the soil was determined by the method of flax seed applicationand the microflora was taken into account by seeding the soil suspension on solid nutrient media. The effect of the preparation «Agrobions» in combination with mineral fertilizers on the composition of microflora, microbiological activity of common black soil and the yield of oilseed flax seeds was established. The preparation of «Agrobionov» in combination with mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the number of agronomically valuable groups of microorganisms and on the yield of oilseed flax.

scholarly journals FARMERS' PERCEPTION REGARDING CLIMATE CHANGE IN SOUTHERN TURKEY: THE CASE OF MERSIN PROVINCE

New Medit ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Cost

Climate change is responsible for the negative effects in human life causing a decrease in agricultural products, biodiversity, soil fertility, and forest areas. In contrast, climate change increases plant diseases and pests, the cost of agricultural production and risk in food security. This study aims to determine whether climate change is a phenomenon via the analysis of the perceptions of the farmers in the Mersin province conducted over 251 questionnaires. Farmers primarily perceive climate change over production costs and the reduction in yield. Moreover, they are highly aware of its relation to natural events such as floods, drought, and storms. Nevertheless, inappropriate agricultural practices also lead to the negative consequences caused by climate change. In this respect, this study revealed that farmers with high cooperative partnerships and experience perceived climate change significantly.

scholarly journals Soybean Cultivation Cost-effectiveness Depending on Bacterial Preparations and Growth Stimulants Use

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
O G Shabaldas ◽  
O M Agafonov ◽  
T G Zelenskaia ◽  
O V Mukhina ◽  
E E Stepanenk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Bacterial Preparations

Researches and analysis of the data obtained on the basis of the Armavir Experimental Station of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Oilseeds establish the most effective bacterial preparations, growth stimulants and their combination for soybean cultivation under conditions of unstable moisture on ordinary chernozem. The soybeans yield during the seed treatment with the rhizobial preparation Nitrofix P (2 kg/t) in combination with the film former was the highest and amounted to 1.83 t/ha, which is 0.23 t/ha higher than in the control. It also obtained the maximum collection of plant protein – 0,69 t/ha. The highest yields (1.72–1.83 t/ha) and relatively low production costs allow getting quite high profits (19,472–22,191 rub/ha) with complex soybeans seed treatment with rusobial preparations containing a film former. The maximum profitability in the study of seed treatment with rhizobial preparations was obtained in the variants with the use of the preparations Nitrofiks P and Nitrofiks Zh in combination with the film-forming agent – 95–107 %, which is higher in comparison with the use of bacterial preparations by 2–15 %, and with the control by 12–24 %. The most cost-effective (107 %) was the use of rhizobial Nitrofix preparation in its powder form (2 kg/t) combining with a film former. The obtaining soybeans yield – 1.73 t/ha in the treatment of seeds combining with a rhizobial preparation in combination with a growth stimulator Nagro bioenergetic made it possible to get the highest profit – 19 668 rubles/ha. Given the cost of production and profit per hectare rate, the highest level of profitability was obtained when applying seed treatment with the rhizobial preparation Nitrofiks Zh in combination with Albit and Nagro bioenergetic growth stimulants: 91–94 %. Hence it has been established that the bacterial preparations for treating seeds in combination with a film former and growth stimulant use provides high profits and increases the soybean cultivation profitability level.

scholarly journals Economic efficiency of creation and long-term use of different-ripening grass stands for hay harvesting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Feed Unit

Based on the improved methodology, an economic assessment of the mowing technology for hay harvesting is given. The total cost (44.8–47.5 thousand rubles/ha) for the creation of early and medium-mature long-term herbage with the dominance of rhizomatous grasses paid off in 1.6–1.8 years. In the next 25 years, annual production costs amounted to 20.1–21.6 thousand rubles/ha with the cost of 1 feed unit of 5.1–5.6 rubles and a conditional net income of 15.1–20.1 thousand rubles/ha.

Sunflower Response to Additional Nutrition at Different Systems of Basic Treatment of Soil

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Keyword(s):  
Classical System ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Boron Chelate ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Ways of increasing sunflower yield in the modern conditions of the agrarian-industrial complex of the country should be based on the complex performance of scientifically grounded technological operations. The purpose of the research was to determine the impact of the system of basic tillage, the use of mineral fertilizers and growth promoters on the formation of productivity of sunflower hybrid Ratnik. The studies were conducted in 2016-2018 at the fields of the Institute of Oil Crops of the UAAS. The sowing was carried out at a depth of seed wrapping of 6-7 cm with a row spacing of 70 cm with a seeding rate of 50 thousand similar seeds per hectare. Basic tillage systems: classic – two-track disc, plowing (PN-3-35) to a depth of 22-25 cm; bottomless – two-track disc, endless tillage (KLD-3.0) to a depth of 25-27 cm; minimal – two-track discus, cultivation (KPS-4,0) to a depth of 10-12 cm. Mineral fertilizer application options: 1. Control – no fertilizer, 2. N40, 3. N40P60, 4. N60P60K60. Application options: 1. Control – treatment with water (250 l/ha), 2. Rost- concentrate + Oil gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 3. Forte gelatin + Mono boron gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 4. Mono boron chelate + Phosphate-potassium chelate (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 5. 1 treatment: Phosphate-potassium chelate + Multimix gelatin + Mono boron chelate (3-4 pairs of true leaves), 2 treatment: Mono gelatin boron (6-8 pairs of true leaves). The bookmarking of the experiments and the research were carried out in accordance with the common methods of field experiments in agriculture and crop production. As a result of the three-year studies, it was found that the performance indicators of sunflower varied under the influence of all the agricultural practices studied. According to the average three-year indicators the highest number of seeds is 1327-1392 pcs. and seed weight of 71.9-75.7 g per basket are indicated in the N60P60K60 fertilizer application under the classical basic tillage system. Other systems and power backgrounds are experiencing a decline in these indicators. The introduction of mineral fertilizers and the use of growth promoters for all systems of basic tillage led to an increase in these indicators relative to control. The diameter of the basket of sunflower hybrid Ratnik, depending on the use of fertilizers and growth promoters was 19.1-20.9 cm in the classical soil tillage system; 18,6-20,5 cm in diameter and 18,5-20,3 cm in minimum. The application of mineral fertilizers helped to increase the diameter of the basket relative to the control. An increase in the diameter of the basket under the influence of growth stimulants under all backgrounds of mineral nutrition and basic tillage systems was also noted. The largest diameter of the basket, which was equal depending on the variant of the use of growth stimulants 20.6-20.9 cm, plants of sunflower hybrid Ratnik formed under the classical system of basic tillage and fertilizer application in the dose N60P60K60. According to the results of three-year studies, an increase of 1000 seeds under the influence of mineral fertilizers and growth promoters was established for all systems of basic tillage. The largest mass of 1000 seeds of sunflower plants was formed by the classical soil tillage system. The highest yield of sunflower hybrid Ratnik – 3.46 and 3.45 t/ha obtained by cultivation under the classical system of basic tillage, fertilization at a dose of N60P60K60 for pre-sowing cultivation and the second and fifth variants of application of the preparations: 2. Growth concentrate + Oil gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves); 5. 1 treatment: Phosphate-potassium chelate + Multimix gelatin + Mono boron gelatin (3-4 pairs of true leaves), 2 treatment: Mono boron gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves). The highest yield increase from the application of mineral fertilizers was obtained when fertilizing at a dose of N60P60K60 for all systems of basic tillage and is within: for classical – 0.52-0.64 t/ha; for landless – 0.40-0.51 t/ha; at the minimum – 0.35-0.45 t/ha. It should be noted that the cultivation of sunflower crops with growth stimulants in all their applications has led to an increase in yield: in the classical system of basic tillage by 0.13-0.32; for non-drained – 0.08-0.25 and for the minimum – 0.09-0.25 t/ha. The most effective under all other conditions of cultivation was the use of a mixture of preparations Growth-concentrate + gelatin oil. Among the agricultural practices studied for crop formation, the system of basic tillage (r = -0.66) and the use of mineral fertilizers (r = 0.61) and the weak use of preparations (r = 0.17) were more influenced. It should be noted the close relationship of yield with the number of seeds (r = 0.92) and the weight of seeds (r = 0.97) from one basket, the diameter of the basket (r = 0.88), the mass of 1000 seeds (r = 0.97), husk (r = -0.93) and average with fat content (r = -0.66).

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the use of biostimulants of growth in the technology of growing spring wheat in the Northern Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
V.M. Yula ◽  
М.О. Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
The Cost ◽  
By Products

Research goal. Determination of the effectiveness of growth biostimulants in the technology of growing soft spring wheat in the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine to obtain high yield and grain quality. Methods. Field, laboratory research, mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. Under the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine the effect of the complex application of elements of adaptive technology of cultivation, in particular, mineral fertilizers, protection system and biostimulants of plant growth on the productivity of soft spring wheat variety Nedra was established.The cultivation technology, which provided for the application of N45P90K90 before sowing and by N45 during IV and VIII stages of organogenesis against the background of ensiling the by-products of predecessor and integrated crop protection in combination with the use of biostimulants in the average years of research, received the highest yield of spring wheat - 4.08 t/ha. Yield increase with this technology compared to the control was 2.03 t/ha. Crude protein content under these growing conditions was 16.3 %, crude gluten – 32.8 %, which corresponds to the 1st class of grain quality according to DSTU 3768: 2019. At low production costs for purchase and application of biostimulants of growth (only 200 UAH/ha) the economic effect of their use varied from 0,85 to 1,6 thousand UAH/ha in different fertilization technologies of growing soft spring wheat of Nedra variety. The cost of 1 ton of grain was reduced by 0,20–0,57 thousand UAH. Conclusions. The average yield increase of spring wheat from biostimulants application was 0.2–0.35 t/ha depending on fertilization level in growing technology. иThe use of biostimulants in combination with mineral fertilizers, to a greater extent, influenced the increase in the weight of 1000 grains. At technology, which provided the introduction of mineral fertilizer in a dose of N45P90K90 before sowing and by N45 on IV and VIII stages of organogenesis on the background of encroaching by-products predecessor and integrated system of protection received the highest economic effect of biostimulants application – 1.6 thousand UAH/ha, for reducing the cost of producing 1 ton of grain at 0.33 thousand UAH.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Fertilizer Application Gap In Ricebased Cropping System: A Case Studyof Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Baral ◽  
KR Pande ◽  
YK Gaihr ◽  
KR Baral ◽  
Sk Sah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer Use

Low adoption of improved agricultural practices is one of the major challenges to improve food security. A case study was carried out to assist the farmer’s fertilizer application gap in rice cultivation in Nepal. To collect data a household survey was conducted in 2017 by selecting 90 households randomly from rice growing pocket area of Banke district of Nepal. The rates of fertilizers use were assessed in relation to farm size, crop variety, irrigation etc. The applications of both organic and mineral fertilizers vary highly by farmer type. Small and medium farmers applied twice the amount of organic manure compared to large farmers. For inorganic fertilizer use, large farmers applied higher amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilizer compared to medium and small farmers. Across farmer types, a higher amount of N and P fertilizers was used for hybrid varieties than inbred varieties and in irrigated fields than in rainfed fields. The use of potassium (K) fertilizer was low and not affected by farmer type or variety. Overall, farmers used a lower amount of N and K and a higher amount of P than the recommendation. The imbalanced use of fertilizers was associated with poor access to agricultural extension services. Variations of fertilizer use among farmers and the role of extension in the adoption of improved practices are still underresearched, and hence this study exposes the need to investigate indepth knowledge, determinants of fertilizer use and role of extension education. Results from this study could be important to develop an innovative extension program using multiple channels to increase farmers’ access to and awareness regarding balanced use of fertilizers to increase soil fertility and crop productivity. SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 267-277 (2019)

scholarly journals Economic and energy evaluation of sainfoin growing technology elements for green feed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Demydas ◽  
◽  
E. S. Lyhosherst ◽  
I. V. Svystunova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
The Cost

One of the main directions of fodder production intensification is the cultivation of fodder crops and fodder harvesting from them at the lowest cost of energy and labor resources, the maximum yield of fodder products per unit area, and 1 UAH of production costs. To successfully perform this task, it is necessary, first of all, to increase the productivity of forage crops, the use of cost-effective and energy-saving technologies and increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. One of the most valuable perennial legumes is sainfoin, which is characterized by high fodder value, unpretentiousness to growing conditions and has great agronomic value. At the same time, the existing technologies for growing sainfoin for fodder purposes remain energy- and resource intensive. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of mineral fertilizers and seed inoculation on the economic and energy efficiency of the sainfoin growing technology on green fodder. Experimental studies were conducted during 2016-2018 on the research field of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology, located in the NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" on typical low-humus chernozem. Experimental research was conducted during 2016-2018 on the research field of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology, located in the NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". The scheme of the experiment included the following factors: factor A - varieties of sainfoin: Amethyst Donetskyi, Adam, Smaragd; factor B - fertilizer, inoculation: 1) without fertilizers, 2) N45R60K90 + seeds inoculation, 3) P60K90 + seeds inoculation. As nitrogen fertilizer was used ammonium nitrate 34%, phosphorus - simple superphosphate 19%, potassium - potassium salt 56%. Method of sowing - row, spring, coverless. Inoculation was performed by Rhizotorphin. Economic evaluation of the results of field experiments was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods developed by the Institute of Cereals NAAS, the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of Podillya NAAS, NSC "Institute of Agrarian Economics" and other research institutions. Calculations of energy efficiency of growing sainfoin for green fodder were calculated according to the "Methodology of bioenergy assessment of technologies for the production of livestock products and feed." According to the economic assessment, the calculations of monetary and material costs are performed taking into account the full mechanization of works. The costs for them are calculated according to the technological maps developed in the process of research. The cost of seeds, fertilizers and fuel was taken at wholesale prices as of January 1. 2019, 1 ton of fodder units of sainfoin was equated to the cost of 1 ton of feed grain. According to the results of research, it was found that when setting up an experiment with different varieties of sainfoin, both with the introduction of mineral fertilizers and without them, the costs were the same. Economic indicators differed significantly at the end of the growing season, as the productivity of different varieties of sainfoin differed significantly not only due to the biological characteristics of varieties, but also as a result of their different reactions to mineral fertilizers. According to the obtained results of the calculation, among the studied varieties of sainfoin the highest conditionally net profit (13354-16504 UAH/ha) and the level of profitability (129-176%), as well as the lowest cost of 1 ton of feed units (1431-1627 UAH per 1 ton) and crude protein (UAH 8393–7291 per 1 ton) were observed on crops of sainfoin Amethyst Donetskyi. In general, the most economically feasible in terms of profitability (176%) was the cultivation of this variety in the absence of fertilizer. The highest indicators of EEC (energy efficiency coefficient) (4.6-6.3) were observed for the cultivation of sainfoin variety Amethyst Donetskyi in the absence of mineral fertilizer or application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers only.

scholarly journals Environmental Audit in the Sustainable Development of Green Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Karina Nazarova ◽  
Mariia Nezhyva ◽  
Anatolii Kucher ◽  
Volodumyr Hotsuliak ◽  
Tetiana Melnyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Environmental Audit ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Cost

The aim of the article is to present the results of a study of the main problems and prospects for sustainable development of a green economy in Ukraine, as well as, using the example of forestry, the key aspects of environmental audit in ensuring sustainable forest management are identified. The results show that environmental audit can make a positive contribution to the sustainable development of a green economy. However, in Ukraine, as in other developing countries where economic goals dominate over environmental ones, the role of environmental audit is still limited. The methodology of conducting an audit has been improved in terms of assessing the possibility of reliable economic assessment of audit subjects to further reflect its results in analytical studies. It is established that the subject of internal economic and environmental audit is a set of economic, environmental, social, informational, organizational and other subsystems in the forestry system. It is determined that to optimize the cost structure, it is advisable to control the compliance of the amounts declared in the primary accounting documents – the amounts involved in the calculation of production costs.

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