scholarly journals FORMATION OF HUMANISTIC IDEAS IN UKRAINIAN PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
N. Zlenko ◽  
◽  
R. Mnozhynska ◽  
S. Lysenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Golden Rule ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Moral Rule ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The urgency of the research topic is necessity to understand the idea of humanism in Ukraine from its formation to development in new cultural and historical conditions. The purpose of the article is to study the formation and development of humanistic ideas in Ukrainian philosophical thought in the historical aspect. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: historical – to study the stages of development of humanistic ideas, analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, generalization and systematization – to formulate intermediate and final conclusions. The article highlights the meaning of the concept of "humanism". The preconditions for the formation of ideas of humanism are determined. It was found that the idea of humanism was preceded by the first moral rule of coexistence, which later in the history of philosophy was called talion. The main formation stages of humanistic ideas in the Ukrainian philosophical thought (the first – XIV-XVI centuries; the second – the second half of the XVI – the beginning of the XVII century; the third – the second half of the XVII century; the fourth – the second half of the XVII – the beginning of the XVIII century; fifth – XIX century, sixth – XX century, seventh – XXI century). Distinctive features of the humanistic ideas from talion and the "golden rule of morality" have been formed. Prospects for further scientific research in this area are seen in the study of the mechanisms of restoration of humanistic ideals in such social institutions as the family and school.

scholarly journals “Natural” in the philosophical and moralistic literature of the XVII century

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Nataliya Vladimirovna Zaуtseva
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
External Reality ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Aesthetic Ideal

In philosophy, “natural” is viewed as an ontological characteristic of the objects of internal and external reality along with the concept of “artificial”. However, in the XVII century, the philosophical and moralistic literature undergoes aestheticization. Numerous appeals of the writers, moralists and philosopher, as well as dialogues and arguments on the topic of “natural” indicate that this was of crucial importance for the aesthetic thought of the XVII century. The answer to the question ‘what natural is’ has become the cornerstone of the new gallant aesthetics, and in behavior was associated with fluency and aristocratic inattention, which are opposed to pomposity and affectation. In art, “natural” was perceived as a desire to purge from the Baroque ostentation. In literature, it is the result of hard work on the language that allows achieving lightness and fluency. Ultimately, in the philosophical thought, “natural” is perceived as the correspondence with truth. Until the present, the question of aestheticization of the “natural” did not draw the attention of Russian researchers. This is partly explained by the historical tradition. Russia enters the European philosophical thought only in the Era of Enlightenment in the XVIII century; thus, the XVII century seems somewhat archaic on the background of the topical issues. However, the XVII century is the advent of the history of modern philosophical and aesthetic thought, and creates the foundation of modern European mentality. This period marks the formation of the new aesthetic ideal, new aesthetic norms, and the system for assessing the work of art, which assign an important role to the “natural”.

scholarly journals Unification of documents in pre-revolutionary Russia: historical and legal issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Olga V. Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
Document Management ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Document Models ◽  
History Of ◽  
Document Flow ◽  
Xix Century

The subject. The article reveals the main historical trends and legal problems concerning unification of documents used by Russian authorities during different historical periods. The purpose of the article is to identify the prerequisites for the origin of document unification, as well as to characterize the periods of development and main directions of document flow standardization in pre-revolutionary Russia. The methodology includes historical-legal method, formal-legal method, systematic approach, chronological method, analysis, synthesis. The main results of research. Scientific understanding of the historical and legal aspects of document flow standardization is closely related to the main stages of its development, and therefore the problem of periodization of document flow standardization in Russia for the purpose of systematization and scientific generalization of this field of knowledge comes to the fore. The chronological approach was chosen as the most appropriate criterion, which allows to trace the evolutionary development of document management standardization, link it with the general history of office work in Russia and state policy in this area. The research will help to determine ways to improve the current system of document management standardization in Russia. The research topic becomes especially relevant in connection with the activation of the processes of implementation of international standards, and the wide application of foreign practice in the field of documentation management over the past decade in Russia. Generalization and analysis of the historical experience of our country in this area makes it possible to identify the national specifics of document management and its standardization. It helps to determine the prospects for the implementation of international standards. Conclusions. The study of the history of documentation practice in Russia allows us to conclude that the issues of document flow rationalization were of great importance since the XVII century. Considerable experience was accumulated in the field of document unification in pre-revolutionary Russia. The beginnings of document unification arose at the dawn of the XVII century and developed gradually with the formation and complexity of the office system in Russia. At the first stage unification was manifested in the consolidation of spontaneously formed norms and rules for drawing up business papers, by the end of the XIX century it turned into an independent element in the field of document management. The gradual evolution of the form as well as the introduction of stamp paper led to the appearance of legally established forms of documents with permanent details in the XIX century, and the first unified documentation systems were created. The appearance of collections of business paper samples showed that government and Russian society understood the importance of using sustainable document models in order to streamline document flow.

scholarly journals A.B. MITFORD AS A CULTURAL DIPLOMAT AND THE IMAGE OF JAPAN IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gubinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
English Culture

In this article, I study the writings of a Victorian time British diplomat Algernon Bertram Mitford (1837-1916) and his book Tales of Old Japan (1871) through the lens of cultural diplomacy. Contemplating his accomplishments with the use of a modern notion of cultural diplomacy as a facet of soft power, I give the overview of Mitford‘s biography, historical context for the publication of his book, its distinctive features within the corpus of the XIX century Japan-related writings (including travelogues, journal and newspaper articles, and pseudo-anthropological re-searches) and its place in the process of formation of the image of Japan in Victorian England. In the last part of the article, I discuss the idea of orientalism vs. exoticism and ‗diplomatic forgery‘ as formulated by U. Eco and their applicability to Mitford‘s writing. As a complex notion, cultur-al diplomacy may be seen in different ways by the cultural am-bassador himself, and the scho-lars, analysing his contribution in retrospective. Not a single article re-searches the success of Mitford as cultural ambassador acting on behalf of English culture in Japan. However, by the same token, not a single research on the image of Japan in the Victorian mind can overlook his significance. It might be an important lesson for the descendants not to overestimate the borders of one‘s influence and always to keep the window of possibilities open for what‘s coming next, being careful about one‘s own words, for as in the beginning was a Word, one‘s word might as well stay in the history of humankind and be used against author‘s convictions.

scholarly journals A.B. MITFORD AS A CULTURAL DIPLOMAT AND THE IMAGE OF JAPAN IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gubinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
English Culture

In this article, I study the writings of a Victorian time British diplomat Algernon Bertram Mitford (1837-1916) and his book Tales of Old Japan (1871) through the lens of cultural diplomacy. Contemplating his accomplishments with the use of a modern notion of cultural diplomacy as a facet of soft power, I give the overview of Mitford‘s biography, historical context for the publication of his book, its distinctive features within the corpus of the XIX century Japan-related writings (including travelogues, journal and newspaper articles, and pseudo-anthropological re-searches) and its place in the process of formation of the image of Japan in Victorian England. In the last part of the article, I discuss the idea of orientalism vs. exoticism and ‗diplomatic forgery‘ as formulated by U. Eco and their applicability to Mitford‘s writing. As a complex notion, cultur-al diplomacy may be seen in different ways by the cultural am-bassador himself, and the scho-lars, analysing his contribution in retrospective. Not a single article re-searches the success of Mitford as cultural ambassador acting on behalf of English culture in Japan. However, by the same token, not a single research on the image of Japan in the Victorian mind can overlook his significance. It might be an important lesson for the descendants not to overestimate the borders of one‘s influence and always to keep the window of possibilities open for what‘s coming next, being careful about one‘s own words, for as in the beginning was a Word, one‘s word might as well stay in the history of humankind and be used against author‘s convictions.

scholarly journals Paradoxes of the political romanticism of Kireevsky I.V.: between an universal monarchy and a national state

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
V.N. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
Political Views ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
Xix Century

The article deals with the political views of Ivan Vasilievich Kireevsky in connection with the history of censorship prohibition of the journal “European” published by him. The text of the report due to which the journal was closed is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the idea of “merging minds together”, interpreted in the text of the denunciation as the basis of Republican beliefs. The author reconstructs Kireevsky's political views in the context of the influence of German romantic ideas on Russian social thought in the first half of the XIX century. The author clarifies Kireevsky's attitude to the ideals of the Great French Revolution and concludes that his views are opposed to the radical vector of the European Enlightenment as a whole. The author demonstrates the historical context in which the views of young Kireevsky are formed, and focuses on the contrast between the Enlightenment and the Romanticism era, which is associated in Russia with the counter-enlightenment reaction of the times of the Holy Union. The author reconstructs Kireevsky's religious and philosophical views, which, following V.S. Solovyov, are characterized as philosophical, romantic Christianity. Kireevsky's ideas are compared with those of representatives of other trends of Russian social thought that were influenced by German Romanticism − theorists of official conservatism, as well as P.Ya. Chaadaev. Their conceptual differences in understanding the relationship between “world” and “national” are revealed. The author demonstrates Kireevsky's socio-political concept, in which the “organic” development of people's life is contrasted with the “violent” establishment of social institutions. It is concluded that the primacy of spiritual unity over political aspirations in Kireevsky's worldview leads him away from both republican beliefs and official imperial conservatism.

scholarly journals "Insza prostota szczera, cnotliwa, przystojna; insza prostota co ją głupstwem zowią". O rozwoju jednego ze znaczeń prostoty

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 21-42
Author(s):  
Beata Raszewska-Żurek
Keyword(s):  
Xviii Century ◽  
Religious Attitude ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Religious Aspect ◽  
The Way

The transformation of a meaning of prostotaThis article is dedicated to the evolution of one of prostota lexeme meaning (and prostoć, prostość as well) – its human mental sphere significance. The analysis (definitions and examples) expands over the Polish language dictionary since its beginning till modernity. There were two main meanings of a lexeme prostota from the Old Polish till the end of the XVII century – positively characterised straight meaning regarding morality, directly linked to religious attitude and the second one, referring to mental and intelectual ability of individual, negatively regarding its undernormative features.It transformed during the XVIII century – the disredarding meaning disappeared, the first, religious aspect expanded over morality, customs, the way of living, simultanously drifting away from its religious significance.Throught the history of the prostota lexeme there was a short period regarding to a lack of culture and misbehaviour but dissapeared quickly with uprising of a prostactwo lexeme. Since the XIX century the dominating feature of prostota lexeme is being natural in a positive way. Besides the modifications of the lexeme and the transformation of its meanings prostota was mostly referring to positive values, which are the only meanings now.

URBANIZATION AS A FACTOR OF THE FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF MUSIC PROFENCIONAL EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Ilya N. Suetin ◽  
Rashit A. Mukhamedov
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Training System ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education Culture ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Political Economic

Introduction. The development of domestic music vocational education is currently influenced by various factors: political, economic, demographic, etc. One of the socio-economic factors can be attributed to the processes of urbanization. Studying and using the historical experience of forming a system of musical vocational education in Russia in the context of urbanization can contribute to the development of an effective state strategy for the development of a training system for a musician-practitioner at the present stage. Materials and Methods. The study made an attempt to provide more complete coverage of the work of domestic scientists on the history of domestic urbanization and the history of domestic musical vocational education. In the study and synthesis of scientific sources used methods of theoretical interdisciplinary analysis and synthesis, methods of comparative historiographical analysis. The study used comparative historical, historical and typological methods, as well as general scientific methods of system and structural-functional analysis. Results. The paper presents evidence that as a result of administrative and territorial reforms, an increase in population, the development of education, culture and education, there is a need for qualified specialists (including a music profile). Conclusion. The study showed that as a result of a legitimate public request for professional musicians, educators and performing musicians, and thanks to the activities of the Imperial Russian Musical Society in the second half of the XIX century, a network of musical educational institutions (music classes, music colleges, conservatories) was formed vocational education.

scholarly journals Geological and geomorphological research of mountainous part of basin Bystrica Nadvirnianska river: a historical aspect

2015 ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Taras Klapchuk
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Phd Thesis

This article provides an overview of the scientific literature on the geological and geomorphological research of mountainous part of basin Bystrica Nadvirnianska River. Basic scientific works on the history of research of relief and geology of the Eastern Carpathians and materials of geological and geomorphological research in Gorgany were analysed. Three historical stages were determined; studying of the relief of the mountainous part of basin Bystrica Nadvirnianska River was revealed and current trends of the geomorphological researches in the present time were outlined. We determined such historical stages of research in the region: the prewar (XIX century – 1930s), the postwar (1940–1980s) and present (from 1990s). In the prewar period, detailed studies in the mountainous part of basin Bystrica Nadvirnianska River were not conducted. Geological studies were dominated, geological maps were compiled and the general features of the relief of the Eastern Carpathians were studied, morphological studies mostly dominated. Problems of the origin and the history of relief of some regions of the Carpathians were breached. During the postwar period, geological structure and relief of the Ukrainian Carpathians and their certain regions were studied detail. Morphostructural, morphodynamic and morphogenetic investigations were held, detailed geological and tectonic scheme of division of the region and scheme of geomorphological zoning were developed. It was connected with the functioning of geological research institutions and researches led by professionals from the Lviv and Chernivtsi universities. Comprehensive expedition for large-scale geological and geomorphological mappings and studying of a spread of modern morphodynamic processes was conducted in the mountainous part of basin Bystrica Nadvirnianska River. Lviv Geological Expedition in 1966–1970 and the research group of the Department of Geomorphology of Lviv University led by Professor P. Tsys and lecturer D. Stadnytskyi in 1965–1969 collected most of the factual material about the geological and geomorphological structure of the studied basin. The characteristic of morphology and genesis of relief and the first geomorphological zoning of the studied basin contained in D. Stadnytskyi’s PhD thesis “Geomorphology of Gorgany” (1963). The present stage of studying of geology and relief of mountainous part of basin Bystrica Nadvirnianska River is characterized by the introduction of ecological approach. Morphodynamic processes and drainage basins are investigated; engineering-geological and geomorphologicalecological analyses are performed in the Carpathian region. There are quite detail descriptions of the relief and morphodynamic processes in investigated basin, its morphostructural and morphosculptural features, history of relief development, and detail geomorphological zoning in Ya. Kravchuk’s monograph “Geomorphology of the Skyb Carpathians” (2005) and R. Slyvka's monograph “Geomorphology of the Vododil’no-Verhovynski Carpathians” (2001). At present stage, certain parts of the basin are studied for the environmental purposes, including detail geological and geomorphological researches, which are conducted in the Nature Reserve “Gorgany”. Nowadays the development of GIS-technologies and remote research methods create new opportunities and approaches for studying the relief of certain regions and its connection with nature management. Key words: historical stages, geological and geomorphological researches, Ukrainian Carpathians, basin of Bystrica Nadvirnianska River.

The Abkhazian Principality and Abazins BETWEEN THE Turks and the Russian Empire

ANCIENT LAND ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 18-35
Author(s):  
Ярослав Валентинович Пилипчук ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Relationship Of

This paper is devoted to the history of the relationship of Abkhazians and Abazines with the Mingrels, Turkic world and the Russians. Abkhazian mtavarist developed on the basis of the Tskhum eristavarist. During the XV century - the first half of the XVII century. Abkhazia was an integral part of the Mingrel principalities of Sabediano and Odishi. The region was actually ruled by the Georgian Sharvashidze dynasty. During the XVII century. Abkhazians put pressure on the Mingrels and advanced their border to the Enguri River. They took an active part in the strife in Mingrelia. In the XVIII century. Abkhazians put pressure on the Ottoman possessions in Georgia.in XVIII cebtury. Abkhazia despite the formal vassalage from the Ottoman Empire was practically an independent principality, which at one time was divided into a number of destinies and free societies. The specific principality of Samurzakan had a mixed (Abkhazs and Mingrels) ethnic composition of the population. The most powerful Abkhaz ruler was Keleshbey, who maneuvered between the Ottomans and the Russian Empire in fact maintained independence. He combined several destinies into a single state. Seferbey (Giorgi Sharvashidze) and Hamutbey (Mikheil Sharvashidze) were in fact Russian demonstrators, who did not find support among the people. However, Mikheil Sharvashidze tried to pursue an independent policy. He fought with the Mingrel Dadiani for control of Samurzakano and strengthened power over the mountainous free societies of Abkhazia. During the Crimean War, he maneuvered between the Ottomans and the Romanovs. The disgraced Aslanbey and Hasanbey also enjoyed wide support among the people. The Abkhazian rebelled against the Russians several times in the XIX century. This was often associated with the offensive of the Russians on the rights of the Abkhazian princes and the mountain free societies. The main initiators of the confrontation with the Russians were the Tsebeldin princes Marshania. The mountain communities of Tsebelda, Pskhu and Dal became deserted as a result of Abkhazian mahajirism. Southern Abazins-Sadzes gravitated towards Abkhazia and depended on it. They supported Aslanbey in his struggle against the Russians. They were also strongly associated with the Ubykhs and the Circassian tribes who took part in the Caucasian war. Part of the Circassian tribes of the XVIII century were assimilated abazins. Northern Abaza made up free societies. The attempts of the Crimean Gherays to subjugate them to themselves were unsuccessful. The presence of Nogays and Turks in the Abazin lands was episodic. In the XVI - XVII centuries. The northern Abazins were subjects of Greater and Lesser Kabarda, and they also sent embassies to the Russians in Moscow and Tersky town. They were loyal to the Russian authorities and reacted to the infringement of rights migration to the mountains. Southern Abazins (Jigets) since the 40-ies of XIX century they became subjects of the Russian Empire. Key words: Abkhazian principality, Abkhazians, Abazins, Sharvashidze, Marshania, Turks, Ottoman Empire, Odishi, Sabeianom Mingrels, Russian Empire, Russians

Odessa Inhabitants A. O. Skalkovsky and A. S. Borinevich: the leaders of domestic statistical science of the XIX century

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
O. I. Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Science ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Statistical Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The contribution to the development of urban statistics, demography, history of famous Odessa scientists and public figures Apollon Skalkovsky (1808-1898) and Anton Borinevich (1855-1946) is analyzed in the article. A parallel was made between the activities of both scientists, as well as their influence on the development of branches of domestic science.

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